Crown & Country: A History of England Through the Monarchy (83 page)

Scotland 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 33, 34, 60, 64; Charles I and 334–9, 344; Charles II and 348, 349, 354, 356; Cromwell and 340; Edward I and 213, 215, 216, 217–18, 219, 220; Edward II and 222, 223–5; Edward II and 222, 223–4, 225; Edward III and 228–9, 232; Henry I and 153; Henry II and 174, 176, 178; Henry VII and 279; James I and 322–9; James II and 380, 409–11, 416, 417, 450–1; Perkin Warbeck and 276; Privy Council 334; Protestant Kirk 322, 323, 324, 333, 334, 337, 349; Stephen and 156, 157, 164, 166, 169, 170; Stone of Scone 218, 220; union of England and 322–9, 419–13, 415, 416, 428, 450; William II and 117, 123–4, 125
see also under individual Scottish king name

Scottish Parliament 334, 410

Scottish Poundbury 499

seal 89–90, 179, 352, 359, 392

Second World War (1939–45) 485–6

Security, Act of (1703) 410, 411

Sedbar, Adam 297

Sedgemoor, battle of (1685) 380–1

‘A Sermon of Repentance’ 356

Settlement, Act of (1701) 409, 40, 416

Seven Years War (1756–63) 433, 437, 438

Seward of Northumbria, Earl 113

Seymour, Jane 298, 300

Shakespeare, William 90, 234, 247, 266, 450

sheriff, post of 102, 114, 144–5, 156, 189

sheriff’s aid 189

Sheriffmuir, battle of (1715) 417

Shire Court 50, 68, 114, 118, 169

shires 50, 51, 55, 61, 73, 90, 118

A Short Treatise of Politike Power
(John Ponet) 311

Shrewsbury, battle of (1403) 244–5

Simpson, Wallis 483, 484, 496

Siward of Northumbria, Earl 90, 103

Sixtus V, Pope 321

slave trade 414, 424

socialism 479

Sophie, Electress of Hanover, Princess 409, 414, 416

South Sea Bubble 424

Spain 282, 284, 286, 308, 325, 326, 331, 363, 367, 406, 414, 424

Spanish Armada (1588) 320, 321, 331, 332, 391

Spurs, battle of the (1513) 283

St Albans 207, 208, 254, 255; first battle of (1455) 254; second battle of (1461) 255, 263

St Augustine’s Abbey, Canterbury 33

St Denis Abbey 242

St Edward’s Crown 473, 476, 489

St Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh 334, 410

St James’s Palace 388, 389, 423, 447

St Martin’s, Canterbury 29, 31, 33

St Paul’s Cathedral 223, 287, 377, 398, 399, 412, 413, 469, 471, 482, 493, 495

St Stephen Crown of Hungary 88; union of Scottish and English 327–8, 330

St Thomas’s Hospital 468

St George 228, 236, 239, 257, 347

Staffordshire Hoard 35

Stamford Bridge, battle of (1066) 95, 96, 103

Stamp Act (1765) 434–5, 442

Standard, battle of the (1137) 157

Stephen, King 149–51, 154–60, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167–8, 169, 170, 171–2, 174, 175, 176, 183, 184, 256

Stephen of Blois, Count 149

Stigand, Archbishop 72, 82, 85, 93, 105, 112

Stowe, Buckinghamshire 426–7, 428, 429, 431–2, 439

Streona, Eadric 68–9, 70, 71, 75

Stuart, house of xvi-xvii, 321, 322–416, 417, 419, 421, 427

Succession, Act of 295, 301, 307, 410–11, 414

Supremacy, Act of Royal (1534) 295–9, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 333, 337, 355, 360, 370, 378, 379, 395, 396, 397

Sutton Hoo 26–7, 33, 35, 37, 38

Swein, Earl 80, 81, 82, 87

Swein, King of Denmark 95, 108

Swinford, Catherine 252

Tacitus 7–8, 9, 22–3, 24

taxes 66, 69, 71, 73, 118, 178, 180, 198, 199, 238; Æthelred and 66, 69; Alfred the Great and 54; American 435–6; Anglo-Saxon 54, 66, 69, 71, 73, 88, 89, 114, 118; Charles II and 370; Cromwell and 340, 351; customs 401; ‘decimation’ 351; direct 230; Edward I and 218–19; Edward III and 230, 235; export duties 230; ‘Free Gift’ 332;
geld
(land tax) 88, 89, 114, 118, 119, 123; George V and 477; Henry III and 206;
heregeld
(‘army tax’) 73, 83, 88; indirect 230, 329, 401; John and 199, 205; Labour Party and 486, 489; Magna Carta and 2–5;
monetagium
(levy on coining of silver pennies) 131;
murdrum
(murder) fine 131–2; normalization of 230; Parliament and 218–19, 230, 256, 259, 269, 270, 275–6, 277, 281–2, 283, 331–2, 335, 351, 395, 402, 402, 412; Peasants’ Revolt and 236–7; poll taxes 236–7; rebellions 236–7, 276–7, 286; Roman 16; ship money 332–3, 335, 337

Taylor, Sir Herbert 456

Test Act (1673) 370–1, 384–5, 386

Tewdwr, Rhys ap, Prince 125

Tewkesbury, battle of (1471) 265, 268, 270

Thatcher, Margaret 480

Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury 160, 162, 174, 180

Theobald III of Blois, Count 149, 156–7

Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury 184, 185, 186

Theodosius the Elder 10

Thomas of York, Archbishop 112

Thornhill, James 417, 418

Thurstan of York, Archbishop 157

Tinchebrai, battle of (1106) 133, 134

Tirel, Walter 129

Toki 116

Tories 375–6, 377, 379, 380, 381, 382, 385, 387, 390, 393–4, 396, 401, 409, 413, 414, 415, 416, 420, 421, 423, 424, 427, 444, 451, 454, 455–6, 457, 459, 460, 468, 469, 477, 480, 499

Tostig, Earl 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 103

Toulouse 178, 180

Tower of London 126, 168, 237, 240, 253, 266, 267, 268, 271, 281, 295, 297, 308, 312, 356, 374, 384, 416, 424

Towton, battle of (1461) 255, 263

Traci, William de 192

Trajan, Emperor 4

treason 5, 113, 216, 219, 241, 252, 265, 294, 295, 304, 312, 316, 338, 341, 345, 346, 360, 376–7, 445

Trew Law of Free Monarchies, The
(George Buchanan) 323, 325, 328

Triennial Act (1694) 402

Trooping the Colour 492

Troyes, Treaty of (1420) 247, 248

Tudor Rose 274

Tudor, Edmund 262

Tudor, Jasper 255, 262, 265

Tudor, Owen 250, 255

Tudor, house of xiv-xv, 250, 255, 261–325, 399

Tyler, Wat 237

Tyndale, William 290, 291

Uniformity, Act of 304, 370

Union, Act of, 1707 450

Urban II, Pope 127

Utrecht, Peace of (1713) 414, 416, 420, 424

Vacarius (Lombard jurist) 184

Vanburgh, Sir John 423

Vere, Robert de 238, 240

Vereeniging, Treaty of (1902) 474

Vexin 177–8

Victor IV, anti-pope 178

Victoria, Marie Louise, Duchess of Kent 456–7

Victoria, Queen 226, 456–62, 465, 466–71, 485, 490, 491

Vikings 5, 42, 43–4, 46–8, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 66–74, 95, 256

Villiers, Elizabeth 369

Visigoths 20

Vitalis, Orderic 120, 137, 138, 139, 140, 148, 161

Voltaire 439

Vortigern 15, 16, 17

Wales: Edward I and 213, 215–16, 220, 222, 242; Edward II and 213, 220, 222; Edward the Elder and 60, 64; Henry I and 153, 176–7, 178; Henry IV and 244, 245; Lancastrian army in 255; Llwelyn, Gruffudd ap and 88, 91; Norman expansion into 125, 153; Offa campaigns against 39

Wallace, William 219–20

Walpole, Horace 431

Walpole, Sir Robert 423–6, 428, 431, 432

Walsingham Chronicle
232

Walter, Lucy 374

Waltheof, Earl 103, 105, 108, 113–14

Warbeck, Perkin 276, 277

Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 281, 282

Wars of the Roses 252–5, 257, 262–8, 269, 270–4, 282, 297, 298, 324, 325, 339, 428

Warwick, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of 254, 255, 264, 265, 267

Washington, George 437–8, 439

Waterloo, battle of (1815) 446–7, 462

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of 446–7, 458, 462

Wells, H.G. 478

Wessex x, xii, 4–5, 18, 33, 36, 37, 42, 43–59, 61, 68, 70, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87–8, 93, 133, 150, 166, 256

Wessex, house of x-xi, xii-xiii, 42, 43–71, 78, 79–97

Westminster Abbey 64, 77, 86–7, 93, 104, 107, 121, 126, 131, 133, 164, 172, 190, 204, 205, 207, 212, 218, 220, 246, 248, 249, 251, 271, 272, 278, 279, 293, 302, 330, 340, 356, 379, 387, 395, 405, 448, 449, 473, 481, 495

Westminster Hall 126–7, 219, 243, 245, 296, 320, 346, 352, 356, 379, 387, 456, 476, 488, 497

Westminster Palace 85, 86–7, 141, 145, 172, 205, 218, 229–30, 338, 360, 453, 456, 462, 466

West Saxons 18, 47, 60, 61, 64

Whigs 375, 376, 377, 380, 381, 387, 390, 393, 394, 396, 401, 409, 413, 414, 416, 420, 421, 423, 424, 427, 435, 436, 442, 443–4, 451, 454, 455, 457, 458

White Ship
147–8, 151

Whitehall Palace 378, 392, 395, 396–7, 402, 411

Whitgift, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 321–2, 324

Wigot of Wallingford 116

Wilhelm II, Kaiser 465

William I, King of Scotland 193–4

William I, the Conqueror, King xix, 50, 83, 91–2, 94–7, 101–15, 116–21, 123, 128, 129, 131, 132, 378, 393

William II, King 116, 117, 120–30, 131, 136

William III, King 359, 367–8, 399, 407, 408, 422, 432

William IV, King 451–2, 454–7

William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland 427, 428

William of Orange, King 368–9, 374, 375, 378, 388–9, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395–7, 399–405, 406, 407, 420, 427, 473

William of St Calais, Bishop of Durham 123

William Æthling 133, 139, 147–8, 151

William the Clito 138–9, 140, 147

William the Silent 367

William, Prince 493

Wilton Diptych 239

Winchester 54, 62–3, 68, 69, 75, 76, 80, 86, 87, 89, 108, 111, 114, 129, 130, 131, 145, 146, 149, 154, 177, 377

Winchester Cathedral 275, 308

Winchester, Treaty of (1153) 175

Windsor Castle 234, 466, 468, 476

Windsor, house of xviii, 465–500

witan
(Anglo-Saxon council) 47, 50, 56, 58, 66, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 82, 85, 87, 104, 117, 130

Woden 18, 27, 28, 44

Wolfe, General James 431, 432

Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas 141, 142, 159, 175, 283–5, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290

Worcester, battle of (1651) 348

Wren, Sir Christopher 373, 453

writ 90, 179

Wulfstan, Bishop 70, 73, 112, 122

Wyatt, James 453

Wyatt, Sir Thomas 308, 312

York, house of xiv-xv, 252–5, 257, 262–74, 275, 276

York Minster 251

Yorktown, battle of (1781) 439

ALSO BY DAVID STARKEY

Elizabeth: Apprenticeship
The Reign of Henry VIII: Personalities and Politics
Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII
The Monarchy of England: Volume I, The Beginnings
Monarchy: From the Middle Ages to Modernity
Henry: Virtuous Prince

Copyright

Published by HarperPress in 2010
Copyright © Jutland 2010

The Monarchy of England: Volume I, The Beginnings
first published by Chatto and Windus, a division of Random House, 2004
© Jutland 2004

Monarchy: From the Middle Ages to Modernity
first published by HarperPress 2006
© David Starkey 2006

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