Crown & Country: A History of England Through the Monarchy (81 page)

Gratian (monk of Bologna) 184

great council 117–18, 150, 155, 177, 191, 197, 198, 205, 210, 226, 318–19, 328

Great Exhibition (1851) 460–2

Great Fire of London (1666) 363, 373, 374

Great Plague (1665) 363

Gregory I, Pope 29, 30, 31, 32, 56, 57, 58

Gregory VII, Pope 183, 188

Gresham, Sir Thomas 429

Grey, Jane 306–7, 315, 316

Grey, Lord 452, 454–5, 456

Gryffydd, Prince Daffydd ap 216, 220

Gryffydd, Prince Llwelyn ap 215, 216

Guthrum, King of East Anglia 47–8, 51, 52–3, 54, 56

Guy, Count of Ponthieu 91

Gyrth, Earl of Wessex 88, 96

Gytha of Wessex 75, 106, 107

Habsburg Empire 283, 284, 390, 406, 465

Hadrian, Emperor 23

Hadrian’s Wall 12, 19, 39

Halidon Hill, battle of (1333) 229

Halley, Edward 422

Hampden, John 333, 338, 393

Hampton Court 284, 292, 309–10, 326, 327, 399, 405, 422, 423

Handel, George Frederic 423, 425, 429, 471

Hanover, house of xvi-xvii, 409–10, 411, 415–62, 465, 475, 480, 481, 491
see also
Windsor, house of

Hardrada, King Harold 95, 103

Harefoot, Harold 72, 75, 76, 77

Harold, King 80, 81, 84, 87–8, 91–7, 103, 106

Harry, Prince 493

Harthacnut 72, 75, 76, 77–8, 79

Hastings Castle 106

Hastings, battle of (1066) 96–7, 101, 103–4, 106, 133, 137

Hengist 16, 30

Henri I, King of France 102, 103

Henri II, King of France 250

Henry I, King 107, 116, 120, 129, 130–3, 134–9, 141, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150–1, 152–3, 154, 155, 156, 163, 168, 172, 173, 175–6, 201

Henry II, King 170, 171, 172, 173–81, 185, 188–9, 190–2, 193–6, 197, 199, 204, 205, 206

Henry III, King 85, 177–8, 180, 194, 195, 202–12, 213, 215, 223, 238, 242, 243, 246, 247, 250, 256, 264

Henry IV, (Henry Bolingbroke), King 84, 234, 237, 239, 240, 241, 242–5, 246, 249

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 183, 188

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 143, 149

Henry V, King 26, 234, 245–9, 250, 282, 283, 285, 286, 408

Henry VI, King 248, 249–55, 262

Henry VII, (Henry Tudor), King 89, 261–2, 263, 264, 266, 270, 272, 273–4, 275–8, 279, 280, 281, 296, 298, 325

Henry VIII, King xix, 27, 89, 277, 278, 279–99, 300–1, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 311, 313, 320, 322, 323, 336, 360, 370, 377, 378, 395, 397, 411, 472

Henry of Blois 149–50

Henry of Huntingdon 74, 113, 168

Henry, Bishop of Winchester 158, 159, 160, 162–3, 164, 165, 169, 170, 176, 177, 183–4

heraldry 227–8, 231, 420

Hereward 109, 110, 112

Herleva 101, 102, 105

Hildebrand, Archdeacon 111

Hincmar of Reims, Archbishop 46

Holbein, Hans 298

Holyrood Palace 410, 450, 452

homosexuality 121, 221–6, 404, 413

Honorius, Emperor 11, 12

Honours List 492

Horsa 16, 30

Houghton Hall 424–5

House of Commons 213, 226, 252, 293, 337, 338, 345, 347, 349, 350, 362, 376, 384, 393, 394, 395, 401, 402, 404–5, 416, 423, 425, 439, 453, 454, 455

House of Lords 213, 355, 376, 384, 393, 394, 395, 448, 452, 455, 456–7, 462, 472, 477, 489, 496

Huitdeniers, Osbert 188

Hume, David 440

Hundred Court 50

Hundred Rolls 214–15, 216

Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) 229–30, 251

hundreds 50, 51, 52, 55, 61, 73, 90, 118, 119

Hunt, Leigh 444

hunting 80, 91, 93, 120, 122, 128–9, 132, 152, 173, 228, 368, 405

Huntingdon 113–14

Hyde Park 396

Hyde, Duchess of York, Anne 368, 369, 372

Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon 362

Imperial Crown of England 261, 264, 279, 296, 302, 321, 325, 330, 339, 340, 347, 356, 373, 466, 473, 474, 476

India 431, 470, 474, 476, 482, 490, 496

Industrial Revolution 459, 460

Innocent III, Pope 199, 200, 201, 202

Innocent IV, Pope 206

Invicta Veritas
(Thomas Abell) 292

Ireland 10, 28, 82, 177, 178, 195, 222, 238, 242, 252, 253, 254, 279, 337–8, 340, 348, 349, 402, 412

Isabella, Queen 221, 223, 224, 225, 246–7

Italy 4, 20, 210, 214, 284, 286, 482

Ivar the Boneless 71

Jackson, Will 348

Jacobites 409, 411, 413, 416–17, 423, 428, 444

James Francis, (‘Old Pretender’), Prince 389, 390, 392, 394, 408–9, 411, 413, 414, 415, 416, 420, 427

James I and VI, King 322–30, 331, 333, 409

James II, King 359, 363, 366, 368, 369, 370–1, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378–88, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 408

James, Duke of Monmouth 374, 375, 376, 377, 380–1, 384, 390

Jean II, King of France 232

Jefferson, Thomas 436, 437

Jervaulx Abbey 297

Joan of Arc 249

John of Gaunt 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 252, 256, 262

John, King 194, 195, 196, 197, 198–202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 211

joust/tournament 226, 228, 239, 281, 282, 285

Judith, Queen 46, 114

Julius II, Pope 283, 288

Jumièges, Abbey of 81

Justicar 142, 203, 204

justice system, English 9, 21, 50, 51, 52, 68, 73, 90, 114, 118, 119, 132, 169, 179–80, 181, 184, 189, 190, 191, 201, 217, 218, 232, 256, 277, 345–6, 388, 412, 453

Justinian, Emperor 32

Jutes 18

Juxton, Bishop 347

Kenilworth Castle 236

Kenneth I, King of Scotland 91

Kensington Palace 396

Kent 12, 18, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 42, 58, 117, 121, 122, 128, 172, 193, 236, 237, 252, 308, 359, 392, 425, 456

Kent, William 425

Keppel, Arnold Joost van 403–4

King’s Evil 360, 400, 406

King’s Fund 498

Kingston, Sir Anthony 310

knight (
thegn
) 75, 92, 109, 115, 116, 139–40, 226

Knights of the Round Table 227, 282, 462

La Hogue, battle of (1692) 402

Labour Party 479, 480, 486, 489, 499, 500

Lancaster, house of xiv-xv, 236, 241, 242, 244, 245, 252–5, 257, 262–74, 275, 276

‘Land of Hope and Glory’ 473–4

Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury 112, 115, 123, 127

Lang, Cosmo Gordon, Archbishop of York 481, 482, 483, 485, 494

Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury 201, 281

Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 330, 334, 335, 336, 337

law
see
constitutional ideas
and
justice system

Lee, Richard Henry 435, 436, 437

Lehzen, Baroness 457

Leicester House 423

Leo IV, Pope 46

Leofric, Earl of Mercia 74, 75, 80, 82, 88

Leofwin, Earl of Mercia 88, 96

Leopold, Emperor 390, 391

Lewes Priory 210

Lewes, battle of (1264) 210, 211

Lexington, battle of (1775) 437

Liberal Party 468, 477, 479

Lincoln 36, 107, 112, 158, 160–1, 165, 170

Lincoln, battle of (1141) 161, 165

Lincoln Cathedral 251

Lincoln, Alexander, bishop of 158

Lindisfarne 34, 43

Lionel, Duke of Clarence 252

Llwelyn, King Gruffudd ap 88, 91

Locke, John 373, 377

London 32, 36, 47, 55, 57, 69, 73, 87, 96, 103, 201, 308, 371, 379; Alfred as second founder of City 55;
burh
55, 59, 84; Charles I and 337, 339, 340; Charles II and 356; church province of 32; Civil War and 345, 349, 354; Cornish rebellion reaches 277; George IV and redesign of 447; Jack Cade and 252; King John and 201; Norman Conquest and 104, 106; Peasants’ Revolt 236–7; political capital 87, 126; Popish Plot and 371; Roman city of 55; King Stephen and 154, 163–4, 165; Vikings and 55, 57, 69, 71, 73; Wars of the Roses and 254, 255, 265, 266; William II redevelopment of 126–7; William of Orange enters 392, 393; William the Conqueror marches from Hastings to 106
see also under individual area and building name

London Hospital 498

longbow 229, 230, 231

Longchamp, William de 197

Louis VI, King of France 138–9

Louis VII, King of France 171, 173, 177–8, 180, 194, 202

Louis XI, King of France 264

Louis XIV, King of France 364–6, 367, 372, 376, 379, 383, 386, 389, 390–1, 398, 400, 404, 406, 409, 414, 416

Louis XVI, King of France 440, 443, 444

Lowestoft, battle of (1665) 363

Ludlow Castle 211

Lusignans 207, 209, 210

Luther, Martin 287, 288, 290, 299

Macbeth, King 90, 91

Magdalen College, Oxford 385–6

Magna Carta 3, 69, 70, 132, 201–2, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 211, 218, 219, 234, 277, 294

Maine 102, 103, 177

Maitland, Frederic William 179

Maitland, Sir William 315, 316

Malcolm III, King of Scotland 91, 92, 94, 107, 110, 123–4, 125, 132

Malcolm IV, King of Scotland 176, 177

Maldon, battle of (991) 67

Maldon, The Battle of
67–8

Malmesbury, William of 130, 133, 134–5, 136, 140, 141, 142, 148, 150, 152–3, 155, 158, 160, 162, 163, 168

Malplaquet, battle of (1709) 414

Mandeville, Geoffrey de 168–9

Mantes 81, 119

Margaret of Scotland, Queen 110, 123, 132

Margaret Rose, Princess 482, 494

Margaret, ‘Maid of Norway’ 217

Margaret, Queen (wife of Henry VI) 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 262, 263, 264–5, 266

Maria, Henrietta 331, 336, 338, 362, 366, 368

Marie Louise, Princess 498

Martel of Anjou, Geoffrey, Count 102, 103

Mary of Modena, Queen 372, 388, 389, 390, 392, 395

Mary I, (‘Bloody Mary’), Queen 300, 301, 304–5, 306, 307–12, 313, 314, 374, 378, 382, 383, 389

Mary II, Queen 388, 389–90, 394, 395, 396, 399, 400, 402, 405, 473

Mary, Queen (wife of Henry V) 477, 479

Mary, Queen of Scots 315–18, 319, 320, 322, 324, 347, 376

Masham, Abigail 413

Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve (1572) 383, 440

Matilda of Boulogne, Queen 149–50, 160, 163, 164, 165, 171

Matilda, Empress (daughter of Henry I) 141, 149, 150, 151–2, 153, 154–160, 162, 162–5, 166, 169–70, 171, 172, 180, 181

Matilda, Queen (wife of William the Conqueror) 102, 107, 117, 133, 136

Maundy Service 399, 400, 491–2

Medal of the British Empire 479

Medway, battle of (1666) 363, 365

Melbourne, Lord 457–8

Mercia 33, 35–41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 70, 80, 88, 103, 110

Milton, John 333, 427

Mobray, Robert de, Earl of Northumberland 125

monarchy: absolute 5, 6, 221, 269, 276, 277–8, 302, 323, 328, 333, 361, 367, 377, 378, 379, 380, 415, 442, 438; Anglo-Saxon 12–97; aristocratic culture, invention of 227; ceremony
see
coronation rituals; charitable works 479–80, 497–500; coinage 38–9, 40, 54, 63, 71, 79, 88, 145–7, 166–7, 246, 352, 429; connection between divinity and 360; consensual 24, 75, 97, 104–5, 364; constitutional 414–15; constitutional ideas and 3, 69–70, 71, 73–4, 104–5, 131, 132, 191, 201–2, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 218, 219, 225, 234, 268–70, 277–8, 294, 393, 402; coronation rituals 27, 46, 55–6, 63–4, 65, 80, 88, 91, 104–5, 111, 121, 130–1, 154, 164, 172, 176, 192, 202, 214, 221, 235–6, 249, 302, 330–1, 352, 356, 379, 399, 421, 448–9, 450, 452, 466, 473, 474, 483, 488–90, 496–7; crowns 27, 38, 46, 62, 88, 126, 235–6, 261, 302, 327–8, 352
see also under individual crown name
; divorce 288–91, 293, 294–5, 300, 304, 370, 448, 468, 481–5, 288–95, 300, 304, 370, 448, 458, 468, 481, 482, 494, 495–6, 498; Easter rituals 303–4, 399–400; Exchequer and 143–6, 189, 256, 367; family monarchy 480, 497; halfway world to, Anglo-Saxon 25–6; heraldry and coats of arms 227–8, 231, 420; homosexuality and 121, 221–6, 404, 413; Honours List 492; hunting 80, 91, 93, 120, 122, 128–9, 132, 152, 173, 228, 368, 405; Imperial 278, 279–99; insanity within 253–4, 445; institution of xix; joust/tournament 226, 228, 239, 281, 282, 285; justice system and 9, 21, 50, 51, 52, 68, 73, 90, 114, 118, 119, 132, 169, 179–80, 181, 184, 189, 190, 191, 201, 217, 218, 232, 256, 277, 345–6, 388, 412, 453; kingship, birth of English 22; land ownership and 268–70, 277–8, 279; limited 268–70, 274, 277–8, 279; medieval 101–257; model of 363–7; modern, invention of 378, 414–15; moral 460, 480; oath, coronation 55, 130–1, 221, 225, 302, 352, 395–6; partnership between people and 51, 69–70, 104–5, 233, 256, 257, 393; premiership/prime ministerial role and 419–20; regalia and 26–7, 108, 218, 330–1, 356, 446, 450, 497; regicide/ murder of 41, 129–30, 225, 244, 272, 317–19, 340, 346–8, 360; Restoration of 354, 355, 359–77, 378, 400, 401, 473; Roman 3–4, 5–12; sceptre 27; seal 89–90, 179, 352, 359, 392; succession rules 65, 272, 295, 301, 306–7; television and 488, 489–90; treason 5, 113, 216, 219, 241, 252, 265, 294, 295, 304, 312, 316, 338, 341, 345, 346, 360, 376–7, 445; Treasury and 71, 89, 121, 154, 172, 174, 180, 196; wealth of 38–9, 199, 200, 231, 269–70, 296, 329