Crown & Country: A History of England Through the Monarchy (80 page)

Crusades 123, 133, 152, 196–7, 206, 209, 210, 214

Cullinan Diamond 474, 476

Culloden, battle of (1746) 428

Curthose, Robert 116–17, 120, 121, 123, 124, 133, 134, 135

Cuthred, King of Kent 41

cynehelm
(helmet of the people) 27, 38, 46

Danegeld 67, 73, 77, 108

Danelaw 70, 92

Darnley, Henry, Lord 322

David I, King of Scotland 150, 156, 164, 166, 169, 170, 176

De Bello Gallico (The Gallic War)
(Julius Caesar) 6

De Reditu Suo
(‘On his Return’) (Namatianus) 11

De Revières, Baldwin 156

de Say, William 169

Declaration of Breda, The (1660) 355, 361, 362

Declaration of Independence, American (1776) 438

Declaration of Indulgence (1672) 367, 370

Declaration of Indulgence (1688) 386–7

Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) 442

Decretum
(Gratian) 184

Deerhurst priory, Gloucestershire 242

Delhi Durbar 476

Denmark 18, 43, 66–7, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 88, 95, 108, 117, 331, 388, 391, 439

Denny, Sir Anthony 89

Despenser, Hugh 224, 225

Dettingen, battle of (1743) 429

Diana, Princess 484, 493–4, 495

diarchy 172

Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy, The
(Sir John Fortescue) 268–70

Dilke, Sir Charles Wentworth 468

Dimbleby, Jonathan 493–4

Dimbleby, Richard 489–90

Disraeli, Benjamin 469, 470

divorce 481, 482; Charles and Diana 494, 495–6; George VI 448; Henry VIII 288–95, 293, 294–5, 300, 304, 370; Mordaunt case 468

Domesday Book 50, 108, 117–19

Donald III Bane, King 124, 125

Dover, Treaty of (1670) 366–7

Dover Castle 106

Drake, Sir Francis 429

Dudley, Edmund 281

Dumfries House 499

Duncan, King of Scotland 91

Duncan II, King of Scotland 124

Dunstan, Saint 62, 63, 64

Durham 107–8, 110, 112, 121, 123, 127

Durham Castle 107–8

Durham Cathedral 112

Dutch Republic 360, 363–4, 365–6, 367, 369, 374, 376, 377, 378, 380, 386, 389, 390, 394, 399, 401, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407–8, 412, 414, 420

Dutch Revolt 367

Dyck, Anthony van 331

Dyrham, battle of (571) 19

Eadbert, King of Kent 41

Eadred, King 60, 61

Eadsige, Archbishop of Canterbury 80, 81

Eadwig, King 61–2

Ealdgyth, Queen 94

ealdorman 49, 50–1, 52, 55, 58, 63, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75

Ealdred, Archbishop of York 90, 103, 104, 105, 107, 112

East Anglia 26–7, 33, 34, 36, 37, 42, 44, 46, 47, 56, 58, 74, 80, 88, 109, 168

Easter 28, 34, 52, 80, 303–4, 399–400

Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Bede)
4, 12–13, 17–18, 58

Ecgfrith, King of Mercia 38, 40, 41

Edgar the Æthling 71, 71, 90, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 123, 124, 125, 132, 133, 176–7

Edgar I, King of Scotland 125

Edgar, King 62, 63–4, 65

Edgehill, battle of (1642) 347

Edict of Nantes (1598) 383, 386

Edinburgh Castle 450

Edington, battle of (878) 52–3

Edith, Queen (wife of Edward the Confessor) 80, 81, 85, 93

Edith-Matilda, Queen (wife of Henry I) 132–3, 136, 141, 148

Edmund I, King 60–1, 62

Edmund II, King 70, 71, 72, 90

Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset 252, 253, 254

Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster 243

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 234

Edward I, King 213–20, 221, 227, 228, 242, 243, 256, 349

Edward II, King 213, 217, 221–6, 228, 238, 244, 246, 264

Edward III, King 45, 213, 225, 226–33, 234, 235, 236, 244, 247, 252, 266

Edward IV, King 254, 255, 257, 263–8, 270, 495

Edward V, King 262, 263, 264–5, 266, 270–2, 275, 277

Edward VI, King 298–307, 308, 311, 395

Edward VII, King 459, 466, 471–6, 480, 483, 488, 492, 497–8

Edward VIII, King 480–5, 494, 496

Edward ‘the Confessor’, King 76, 77–8, 79–87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 102, 105, 110, 113, 114, 126, 128, 130–1, 132, 145, 204, 212, 213, 235, 239, 242, 245, 330, 393

Edward the Elder, King 60, 62

Edward the Exile, King 88, 90, 103

Edward, Prince (son of Henry III) 210, 211

Edward, Saint 65, 76

Edward, the Black Prince 232, 234, 235, 237, 247

Edwin, Earl of Mercia 92, 94, 95, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110

Edwin, King of Northumbria,
bretwalda
of England 34, 35

Egbert, King of Wessex 41–2, 45, 50, 51, 52, 58

Egbert’s Stone 51, 52

Eleanor of Aquitaine, Queen 171, 194

Eleanor of Provence, Queen 206–7

Elgar, Edward 473–4

Elizabeth I, Queen xix, 58, 226, 266, 295, 300, 301, 306, 308, 312–18, 319, 320, 321–5, 326, 327, 329, 331, 332, 376, 398, 399, 427, 429, 457, 469

Elizabeth II, Queen 64, 465, 482, 487–94

Elizabeth, the Queen Mother (Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon) 481, 485, 491, 494

Elizabeth Woodville, Queen 263–4, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 495

Elizabeth of York, Queen 273, 274, 277, 278, 298

Ely 109, 110, 112, 127, 168, 353

Emma of Normandy, Queen 68–9, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82

Empson, Sir Richard 281

Encomium Emmae Reginae
78

England: administrative unity imposed on 61, 66; Anglo-Saxon 12–97; army 53–4, 73, 83, 88, 137, 215, 342–4, 348, 356; barbarian raids into 9, 10, 12, 15; birth of 3, 33, 59; birth of idea of 3, 12, 19, 55–9; boroughs 54; British kings in Roman times 8–9; Church and
see
Church; civil wars 5, 7, 75, 77, 82, 85, 92, 93, 154–72, 175, 176, 183, 195, 201, 203, 205, 206, 212, 224–5, 234, 252, 254–5, 280, 316, 324, 339–45, 354, 356, 361, 362, 375, 376, 377, 378, 384, 396, 421, 455; Commonwealth of Dominions 437, 487, 488, 492; Commonwealth of England 346, 347–56, 396; diarchy 172; Empire 357–462; enforced passivity makes target for barbarian invaders 4–5; frontiers of 19; great council 117–18, 150, 155, 177, 191, 197, 198, 205, 210, 226, 318–19, 328; hundreds 50, 51, 52, 55, 61, 73, 90, 118, 119; immigration into 20; justice system 21, 50, 73, 132, 179–80, 181, 184, 189, 201, 232, 256, 277, 345; languages of 5, 19–20, 32, 56–7, 59, 96, 97, 228, 232; modern 465–500; navy 53, 69, 75, 332, 340, 402, 429, 430, 431, 439, 451; Norman xii, xx, 19, 50, 59, 68, 69, 72, 77, 79, 81, 83, 86, 91–2, 93, 94, 96–7, 101–72, 199, 216, 229, 231, 232, 243, 251, 256, 278, 378; Parliament
see
Parliament; Roman invasion and occupation of 3–12, 14, 15, 20–1, 28, 30, 39, 40, 43; shires 50, 51, 55, 61, 73, 90, 118; taxes
see
taxes; trade 20, 25, 39, 54, 61, 229, 230, 363, 376, 386 401, 411–12, 424, 429, 441, 447, 461; unification of 59, 61, 62–3; union with Scotland 322–9, 419–13, 415, 416, 428, 450; urbanization of 54–5; war, defines itself through 228, 233, 246

English Book of Common Prayer (1549) 303, 304, 334, 490

English Book of Common Prayer (1552) 306, 314, 334

eorl
(‘earls’) 74

Eton College 251

Eugenius III, Pope 170

Eustace II of Boulogne, Count 81

Eustace IV of Boulogne, Count 165, 170, 172

Evelyn, John 356, 383

Evesham, battle of (1265) 212

Exclusion Bill Crisis, 1678–1681 370–1, 374, 375–7, 380, 381

Exeter 48, 106–7, 156, 304, 391

Fabian Society 498

Fawkes, Guy 326

feudalism 90, 114–15, 119, 125, 135, 167, 217, 256–7, 442

Field of Cloth of Gold, 1520 285

Finglesham, East Kent 25, 26

First Crusade 123

First World War (1914–18) 465, 477–8, 481

Fitzcount, Brian 159, 166, 169

fitzNigel, Richard 142, 143

FitzOsbern, William 105, 113

fitzUrse, Reginald 192

fitzWimarch, Robert 93

Flambard, Ranulf 127, 132, 133, 168

Flanders 46, 77, 82, 93, 102, 107, 110, 135, 194, 200

Fontenoy, battle of (1745) 427

Forest Laws 122, 128–9, 132

Forkbeard, Swein 69, 71

Fortescue, Sir John 268–70, 274, 276, 277–8

Foxe, John 309, 383

Foxe’s Book of Martyrs
(John Foxe) 309, 383

France 4, 20, 27, 117, 138–9, 171, 196, 200, 202, 203, 204, 206, 242, 331, 427; absolute monarchy 269, 274, 276, 364–5, 377, 378, 415; Anne and 398, 399; Charles I and 331, 332; Charles II and 347, 364–7, 368, 379; colonial empire 430–1; Commune 467; ‘Days of July’ 452; Edward I and 213, 214, 216, 218; Edward III and 229, 230–3, 235; Edward VII and 474; Entente cordiale 474; Forest Law 128; Gaul 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 28, 29, 30, 43; George I and 420; George II and 427, 430–1; George III and 434, 438; Henry I and 135, 136, 138–9, 147, 171; Henry II and 177, 179, 194, 196; Henry III and 204, 206; Henry V and 246–8; Henry VI and 249–50, 251, 252, 253; Henry VII and 275–6, 279, 280; Henry VIII and 282–7; James I and 379, 380, 383; John and 197, 200; Queen Anne and 398, 399, 406, 408, 412, 414–16; Merovingian 26, 27; Redwald and 27; Revolution 440–3, 444, 445, 446, 449, 453; Richard I and 198, 199; Richard II and 238, 246; Victoria and 467; Wars of Religion, 1572 383; William of Orange and 388, 389, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406; William the Conqueror in 102, 103, 117, 119
see also under individual area and battle name

Francia 28–9, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45–6, 51, 111, 128

Francis I, King of France 284, 285, 286

Franks 15, 25, 28–9, 30, 31, 39, 40, 42, 45–6

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 205

Frederick the Great, King of Prussia 430, 431

Froissart, Jean 228, 230–1

Fulk V, Count of Anjou 151, 152

Gabbecrocky, William 215

Gariannonum
(Burgh Castle), Norfolk 12

Gascony 209, 214, 216, 225, 232, 252, 253

Gaul 6, 8, 10, 11, 14, 28, 29, 30, 43

Gaveston, Piers 221–2, 223, 224, 226, 227

general elections: (1715) 421; (1906) 477; (1945) 486

Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou 151–2, 157, 165–6, 170, 171

Geoffrey, Prince (brother of Henry II) 177, 194, 195, 197

Geoffrey of Coutances, Bishop 105

George I, King 409, 414, 416, 417–18, 420–5

George II, King 409, 416, 421–3, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 432, 433

George III, King 419, 433–4, 436–7, 438, 439, 440, 455, 460, 480, 499

George IV, King 443, 445–6, 447–52, 460, 472, 496

George V, King 465, 475–80, 487, 488, 490, 492

George VI, King 480, 482, 485, 486, 487, 488, 490, 492

George of Denmark, Prince 388, 391, 392

George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence 264, 266–8, 270, 271, 272

Gerberoi Castle, battle of (1078) 116

Germania
(Tacitus) 22–3, 24

Germanic tribes 9, 14, 15, 16, 17–18, 20, 21, 22–3, 24, 28, 35, 43, 58, 64

Germany 86, 88, 90, 149, 183, 210, 284, 287, 290, 331, 391, 406, 309, 419, 420, 421, 433, 434, 437, 445, 449, 458, 465, 469, 474, 478, 479, 480, 482, 485, 491, 498

Gifford, Bishop William 131

Gildas 10, 12–13, 15–17, 19, 28

Gladstone, William 468–9, 470, 476

Glastonbury 62, 149

Glorious Revolution (1688) 391–2, 402, 412, 419–20, 421, 424, 441

Gloucester Cathedral, Crécy Window 231–2

Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry 371, 372, 373, 380

Godgifu, Lady 74, 77, 81, 88

Godwin, Earl of Wessex 74–5, 76, 77, 80–1, 82, 83, 84, 85

Godwin, house of x-xi, 74–5, 76, 77, 80–1, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 93, 103, 104

Gospatric, Earl 107, 108

Grand Alliance 406, 408, 420