Crown & Country: A History of England Through the Monarchy (82 page)

monasteries 13, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 43, 62–3, 65, 89, 109, 110, 120, 121, 165, 181, 184, 187, 190, 207, 228, 296–7, 299

Monck, General George 354

Montagu, Edward, 2nd Earl of Manchester 341, 355

Montfort, Simon de, 6th Earl of Leicester 209, 210, 211, 214, 219

Monument, The, London 373, 374

Mordaunt divorce case 468

More, Sir Thomas 272, 281, 288, 295–6

Morel of Bamborough 124

Morkere, Earl of Northumbria 92, 94, 95, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110

Mortimer, Roger, 1st Earl of March 225, 226–7

Mortimer, Hugh de 175

Mortimer’s Cross, battle of (1461) 255

Morville, Hugh of 192

Mount Badon, battle of 19

Mountjoy, Lord 279

Mowbray, Thomas 241

‘My Device for the Succession’ (Edward V) 306–7

Namatianus, Rutilius Claudius 11

Napoleon III, Emperor 467

Naseby, battle of (1645) 342–3

Nash, John 447

National Health Service 498, 499

Nero, Emperor 23, 126

Netherlands 284, 355, 366, 368–9, 377, 389–90, 394, 396, 402, 406, 414

New Model Army 342–4, 348, 356

Newburgh, William of 178, 189

Newton, Isaac 422

New Year’s Day Honour’s List 492

Nicholas II, Tsar 478

Nightingale, Florence 468

Nissa, battle of (1062) 95

nobility: Charles I and 334; Charles II and 361, 364; Edward I and 219; Edward II and 221–30, 232; Edward IV and 264, 265, 266, 268, 269; Elizabeth I and 318, 322; Francia 51; Henry III and 204, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216; Henry IV and 240, 241; Henry V and 246, 248; Henry VI 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256–7; Henry VII 275, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 297; household, power of noble 256–7; John and 197; Norman 115, 135, 138, 140–1, 147, 150, 151, 152, 154; Richard III and 236, 238, 239, 240; Roman age 20; rotten boroughs and 454; Scottish 90, 322, 334; Stephen and 163, 164, 169; Sussex Kings demoted to 37; William of Orange and 395

Norman Conquest xx, 19, 59, 72, 86, 94–7, 101–33, 137, 140, 154, 199, 216, 229, 231, 232, 243, 251, 256, 278, 378

Normandy 64, 68, 69, 72, 76, 77, 79, 83, 91–2, 94, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, 128, 133, 134, 135–6, 138, 140, 141, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 163, 165–6, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177, 178, 180, 183, 194, 195, 198, 199, 203, 232, 246, 247, 252, 253, 486

Normandy, house of xii-xiii, 101–72

Normans 81, 83, 86; Anglo-Saxons and 72, 91–2, 93, 94, 101–72; Battle of Hastings (1066) 96–7; church, take over English 111–12, 121, 127; Coronation Charter, Henry I 131–2; Domesday Book 117–19; Edward the Confessor and 79; in England 96–7, 101–72, 199, 216, 229, 231, 232, 243, 251, 256, 278, 378; feudalism/revolution in English aristocracy 114–15, 119; first queen of England 68; Forest Laws 122–3, 128–9; Harrying of the North 107–9; knights 139–40; London, redevelopment of 126–7; Normandy, arrival in 68; rebellions against rule of Britain 106–10, 113, 114, 121–5, 137–8, 140–1; Scottish battles/wars 110–11, 123–4; Viking origins 68; Wales, expansion into 125, 153
see also under individual monarch name

Northumbria 33–5, 36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 58, 60, 62, 74, 88, 92, 93, 103, 107, 110, 113, 166

Norway 43, 73, 75, 77, 88, 95, 217

Nottingham Castle 226–7

Nottingham House 396

Noy, William 332

Oates, Titus 371, 372, 373, 380

oath, coronation 55, 130–1, 221, 225, 302, 352, 395–6

Oath of Salisbury (1086) 119

Obedience of the Christian Man
(William Tyndale) 291

Octavius (later Augustus) 7

Odin 44

Odo of Bayeux, Bishop 96, 105, 106, 112, 117, 120, 121, 122

Offa of Mercia, King 37–41, 42, 43, 49, 55, 58, 63

Offa’s Dyke 30, 41

Old English 5, 19, 21

Opdam, Admiral 363

Order of the British Empire 478–9

Order of the Garter 227–8, 234, 235, 241, 409, 412, 432, 478

Order of the Thistle 412, 478

Ornaments Rubic 314

Osborne House 460, 465, 466–7, 472

Osburh of Wessex, Queen 45

Oswald of Northumbria, King 34, 35

Oswy of Northumbria, King 34, 36

Otford, battle of (776) 37

Oudenarde, battle of (1708) 408, 413, 421

Oxford University 292, 377

Painted Hall, Greenwich 417–18

papacy, power of 182–3
see also under individual pope

Paris, Matthew 209–10

Parker-Bowles, Camilla 493, 495–6

Paris, Treaty of (1763) 434

Paris, Edward VII visits 474

Parliament 209–10, 211, 213, 229–30, 233, 235, 240, 243, 244, 252, 267–8, 272, 296, 301, 309, 310, 313, 316–17, 319, 322, 329; America and 434–5, 436, 437; Amicable Grant 286; Anglo-Saxon 47, 66
see also
witan; Queen Anne and 409, 414; Bill of Rights and 394–5; birth of 209–10; Cavalier 362; Charles I and 331–51; Charles II and 362, 373, 374, 376; Civil War and 340–56; Convention and 355–6, 361, 393; Cromwell and 340–56; de Montfort broadens membership of 211; Edward I and 218–19; Edward III and 230, 233; Edward IV 267–8, 270, 272; Elizabeth I and 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319; Elizabeth II and 492; fire in (1834) 456; George V 476; Good (1376) 235; ‘The Grand Remonstrance’ 337, 341, 345; Guy Fawkes and 326; Henry III and 209–10; Henry IV and 243; Henry VII and 275–6, 277; Henry VIII and 281–2, 283, 286, 294, 296, 301; House of Commons 213, 226, 252, 293, 337, 338, 345, 347, 349, 350, 362, 376, 384, 393, 394, 395, 401, 402, 404–5, 416, 423, 425, 439, 453, 454, 455; House of Lords 355, 376, 384, 393, 394, 448, 452, 455, 456–7, 462, 472, 477, 489, 496; ‘The Humble Petition and Advice’ 351; James I and 325, 326, 328, 329; James II 370, 371, 373, 374, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385, 387, 388; Long, 1641 384; Mary I 308, 309, 310; Merciless 240, 241; Model 219; monarch’s power to call and dissolve surrendered 402; Parliament Acts (1910/1949) 477, 489, 496–7; Pitt and 429, 430, 432, 433; powers of Monarch transferred to 402; Pride’s Purge 345; ‘Provisions of Oxford’ 208–9; Richard II and 243, 244; Richard III and 273; rotten boroughs and 454, 455; Rump 345, 347, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354; Scottish representation in 412–13; Short 335; state opening of 462, 466, 467–8, 472, 476, 492; tax raising powers 218–19, 230, 256, 259, 269, 270, 275–6, 277, 281–2, 283, 331–2, 335, 351, 395, 402, 402, 412; Victoria and 462, 467–8, 472; Walpole and 424, 425, 427, 428; Wars of the Roses and 252, 253, 254–5, 256; at Westminster 229–30; William III and 399, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406; William IV and 452, 453, 454, 455; Wonderful (1386) 238

parliaments, early English: great council 117–18, 150, 155, 177, 191, 197, 198, 205, 210, 226, 318–19, 328;
witan
(Anglo-Saxon proto-Parliament) 47, 50, 56, 58, 66, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 82, 85, 87, 104, 117, 130

Parliament Acts (1910/1949) 477, 489, 496–7

Paxton, Joseph 461

Peace of Abernethy 110, 124

Peasants’ Revolt (1381) 236–7, 238

Peel, Sir Robert 458, 459, 460

Pembroke Castle 262, 266

Penda, King of Mercia 35, 36

Pepin the Short 39, 40

Pepys, Samuel 354, 363, 379

Perche, Countess of 148

Percy family of Northumberland 244–5, 246, 254

Percy, Henry Hotspur 244–5

Perrers, Alice 235

Peter, Saint 29, 34, 87, 182, 187, 292–3, 361

Peterloo Massacre (1819) 453

Petition of Right (1628) 70

Philip Augustus, King of France 197, 198, 199, 200

Philip I, King of France 119

Philip IV, King of France 218, 229

Philip, Prince 487–9, 490–1, 493

Philippa, Queen 228

Picts 10, 12, 15

Pilgrimage of Grace 297

Pitt the Elder, William 428–30, 431, 432, 433–4, 437, 439

Pitt the Younger, William 441, 443

Pitt, Hester 428

Pitt, Thomas ‘Diamond’ 428, 429

Plantagenet, house of 151–2, 157, 165–6, 170, 171, 172, 173–274

Plautius, Aulus 7–8

Pliny the Younger 4

Poitiers, battle of (1356) 232

Pole, Michael de la 238

Ponet, John 311, 313, 318, 319

Pont de l’Arche, William de 155

Pontefract Castle 244

Pope, Alexander 42

Popish Plot (1678) 371–3, 375, 376, 380

Presbyterianism 323, 327, 334, 343, 344, 345, 348, 355, 356, 361, 412

Preston, battle of (1648) 344, 345, 417

Pride, Colonel Thomas 345

Prince’s Charities 500

Prince’s Trust 500

Privy Council 89, 299, 318, 371, 375, 381–2, 405

Protectorate 351, 353, 356

Protestant Kirk 322, 323, 324, 333, 334, 337, 349

Protestant Reformation 287, 299, 301, 303, 306, 334, 340, 360, 399, 493

Protestantism 287, 299, 301–28, 331–4, 340, 342, 360, 361, 362, 367, 368, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 380, 383, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391, 394, 395, 396, 400, 406, 408–11, 421, 445, 452

‘Provisions of Oxford’ 210, 211

Prussia 430, 447, 467

Pugin, Augustine 462

Purcell, Henry 379

Puritans 326, 327, 333–4, 337, 339, 341, 344, 351, 443, 473

Pym, John 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341

Quebec, battle of (1759) 431, 432

Radcot Bridge, battle of (1387) 240

Raleigh, Sir Walter 429

Ralph ‘the Staller’ 113

Ralph of East Anglia, Earl 113

Ralph of Mantes 81

Ramillies, battle of (1706) 408

Ranulf of Chester, Earl 160–1, 167

Redwald of East Anglia,
bretwalda
of England, King 26–7, 33, 34, 37

Reflections on the Revolution in France
(Edmund Burke) 442, 443

Reform Act (1832) 455–6, 459, 477, 496

Reform Act, Second (1867) 467

regicide/murder 41, 129–30, 225, 244, 272, 317–19, 340, 346–8, 360

Reginald, Earl of Cornwall 159, 172

Regnans in Excelsis
(1570) (Papal Bull) 318, 319

Reith, John 483

Restoration (1660) 354, 355, 359–77, 378, 400, 401, 473

Rich, Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury 205, 207

Richard I, (‘Coeur de Lion’), King 194, 195, 196–8, 199, 206

Richard I of Normandy, Duke 68, 72

Richard II, King 84, 234, 235–43, 244, 246, 250, 264

Richard III of Normandy, Duke 101–2

Richard III, King 266, 270–4

Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York 252, 253, 254–5, 256, 263, 264, 266

Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York 267, 270–2, 276, 277

Ridel, Geoffrey 187

Robert, Earl of Northumbria 107–8

Robert, Archbishop of London 81, 83, 85, 86

Robert of Mortain, Count 106

Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester 150–1, 155, 156, 157–8, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 170

Robert, 2nd Earl of Leicester 167, 172

Robertson, Lizzie 479

Roches, Peter des, Bishop of Winchester 204, 205, 207

Roger of Hereford, Earl 113, 114, 115

Roger of Salisbury, Bishop 141–3, 149, 152, 155, 158, 159, 166, 174

Roman Empire 3–4, 5–12, 14, 15, 20–1, 28, 30, 39, 40, 43

Rome, sacked, AD 410 11–12, 20

Royal Albert Hall 468

Royal Exchange 424, 429

Royal Forests 128, 155–6

Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich 402, 416

Royal Navy 451

Royal Supremacy, Act of (1534) 295

Ruin of Britain, The
(Gildas) 12–13, 15–17, 19, 28

Runnymead 201

Russian Revolution (1917) 478, 479

Sancroft, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 386–7

Sandringham 462, 482, 483

Savoyards 207

Saxe-Coburg, house of 458

Saxon Conquest 14–21, 24, 43

Saxon Shore 12, 14, 15, 20

Scawsby Leys, battle of (1536) 297

Scott, Sir Walter 449–50, 452