The Bitter Taste of Victory (67 page)

13  
‘the sensation that’, ‘pity perhaps’: LK, diary, LK Archive, p. 14. In her diary Knight wrote that she included the vision of the devastated city ‘from pure aesthetic emotion only – for colour, composition, balance and line’ (p. 126), resisting a symbolic reading of the work. But the contrast between the figures in the courtroom and the faded scene of destruction behind them is too great not to be significant, whatever she may have intended.

14  
In this reading I am indebted to Lyndsey Stonebridge, who suggests that in the logic of this painting, ‘in the end, justice will be neither subsumed under an incalculable trauma, nor calculated only from within the law, but imagined in the just city’ (Lyndsey Stonebridge,
The Judicial Imagination: Writing After Nuremberg
, Edinburgh University Press, 2011, p. 16).

15  
‘accursed soil’; ‘surrealist spectacle’: EW to Diana Cooper, 13 Dec 1946, in
Mr Wu and Mrs Stitch: The Letters of Eveyn Waugh and Diana Cooper
, ed. by Artemis Cooper (Hodder and Stoughton, 1991); EW to Randolph Churchill, April 1946, in
The Letters of Evelyn Waugh,
ed. by Mark Amory (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980), p. 226.

‘He knows he doesn’t’: EW to Randolph Churchill, Apr 1946, in
Letters of Evelyn Waugh
.

‘a most agreeable man’ interested in cattle breeding’: EW, diary, 1
–
2 Apr 1946, in
Diaries 1911 –1965
.

‘injudicious travesty’: EW, cited in Stannard,
Evelyn Waugh
, p. 163.

16  
‘a childish daydream’, ‘In so far’: GO, ‘Revenge is Sour’,
Tribune
, 9 Nov 1945.

17  
‘One night’: VG to Locker, June 1961, cited in Ruth Dudley Edwards,
Victor Gollancz: A Biography
(Gollancz, 1987), p. 377.

18  
VG, ‘What Buchenwald Really Means’, Apr 1945.

‘the son shall not’: Ezekiel, 18:20.

‘if we call’: VG, appeal sent to newspapers, Sep 1945, cited in Dudley Edwards,
Victor Gollancz
, p. 411.

19  
‘With the sudden’: PdeM, extract from an article in
Observer
, in ‘Save Europe Now’, 21 Jan 1946, (booklet located in RW Archive).

‘The tone is’: Review of
A Defeated People
,
Daily Telegraph
, 15 Mar 1946, in BFI newspaper cuttings file, BFI Archive.

20  
‘no treaty of peace’: Ernest Bevin, certificate issued 2 April 1946, cited in Meehan,
A Strange Enemy People
, p. 21.

21  
‘caught like rats’: Harold Nicolson to Vita Sackville-West, 25 Apr 1946, in
Diaries and Letters 1945 –62,
ed. by Nigel Nicolson (Collins, 1968).

‘they have the appearance’: Harold Nicolson, diary, 30 Apr 1946, in
Diaries and Letters.

22  
‘nothing but undying’, ‘An agreeable’: Harold Nicolson, diary, 1 May 1946, in
Diaries and Letters
.

‘stupendous trial’, ‘the calm assessment’, ‘In the courtroom’: Harold Nicolson, ‘Marginal Comment’,
Spectator
, 10 May 1946.

23  
‘the policy of starving’: letter from EW,
New Statesman,
1 Jun 1946; Waugh supported the ‘Save Europe Now’ campaign, encouraged by the scenes he had witnessed in Nuremberg.

24  
Daily Mail
, 3 Jul 1946, quoted in Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska,
Austerity in Britain
:
Rationing, Controls, and Consumption
,
1939–1955
(OUP, 2000), p. 216.

25  
‘All of us’: ‘Berlin calls Wilhelm Furtwängler,’
Berliner Zeitung,
16 Feb 1946.

26  
‘a new poet’: EM to Lotte Walter, 3 Feb 1946, EM Archive.

‘inner emigration’, ‘free pass’: EM, ‘Inner Immigration’ (unpublished), Oct 1946, EM Archive.

27  
‘a pensive, white-haired’: EM to TM and Katia, 24 Mar 1946, EM Archive.

‘swallow’, ‘horrid’, ‘It is a sad’, ‘by the Russians’: EM to TM and Katie, 10 Jan 1946, EM Archive.

28  
‘Whereas the rest’: EM, ‘Citizen Werewolf’,
Chicago Daily News
, 19 May 1946. Erika Mann wrote another article describing some of the American officials as corrupt and even anti-Semitic.

29  
‘I don’t know’, ‘Tell him my’: KM to Katia, 10 May 1946, KM Archive.

30  
‘for people like us to live in’, ‘accept and need’, ‘versed in various’: KM,
The Turning Point
, p. 357.

31  
Walter Karsch, ‘Sternheims und Gründgens’ Wiederkehr’,
Der Tagesspiegel
, 5 May 1946.

‘perhaps someone gassed’: KM, ‘Kunst und Politik’ (‘Art and Politics’), 17 Apr 1946, in
Auf Verlorenem Posten: Aufsätze, Reden, Kritiken, 1942–49
, ed. by Uwe Naumann and Michael Toteberg (Rororo: 1994).

32  
KM, ‘Kunst und Politik’.

33  
‘void and depressing’: KM,
The Turning Point
, p. 62.

34  
‘as attractive as ever’: KM, Berlin’s Darling’, Jun 1946, KM Archive.

9:
Boredom

1  
‘utter uselessness of acres’: Norman Birkett, 23 May 1946, cited in Tusa,
The Nuremberg Trial
, p. 370.

2  
‘At half-past four’: Birkett to Biddle, cited in Biddle,
In Brief Authority
, p. 421.

‘a thousand years’: Biddle,
In Brief Authority,
p. 457.

3  
‘the Churchill of’: RW to Harold Ross, 28 Aug 1946, Archive of
The New Yorker
.

4  
‘citadel of boredom’, ‘dragging the proceedings’: RW, ‘Extraordinary Exile’,
The New Yorker
, 7 Sep 1946.

5  
‘Live, work, act’: For West’s name change see Victoria Glendinning,
Rebecca West: A Life
(Papermac, 1988), p. 36.

6  
‘My husband can’: cited in Rollyson,
Beautiful Exile
, p. 132.

7  
‘abominable nation’, ‘The insane mercy’, ‘a great galumphing’: RW to Winnie MacLeod, 1930s, RW Archive (Tulsa).

‘always been able’: RW to Motley Deakin, 21 Apr 1980, in
Selected Letters of Rebecca West
, ed. by Bonnie Kime Scott (Yale University Press, 2003).

8  
‘You could be’: Francis Biddle to Katherine Biddle, 30 Jul 1946, Francis Biddle Collection, Syracuse University Library, cited in Carl Rollyson,
Rebecca West: A Saga of the Century,
(Hodder and Stoughton, 1995), p. 213.

9  
‘Isn’t it curious’: cited in Rollyson,
Rebecca West
, p. 213.

‘relaxed, tolerant’: cited in Rollyson,
Rebecca West
, p. 212.

‘Apparently Germans’: RW to Harold Ross, 28 Aug 1946, Archive of
The New Yorker
.

10  
‘half-militarist, half-gangster’, ‘a salesman of’, ‘If you were to say’: Robert Jackson, 26 Aug 1946, cited in Tusa,
The Nuremberg Trial
, p. 420.

‘a masterpiece, exquisitely’: RW, ‘Extraordinary Exile’.

11  
‘There is one’, ‘because they betrayed’, ‘mad scoundrels’: Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, 27 Jul 1946,
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/07-27-46.asp
.

12  
‘the quoted words’: TM to Foreign Office, cited in Tusa,
The Nuremberg Trial
, p. 424.

13  
‘gay and amusing wench’: Francis Biddle to Katherine Biddle, 6 Aug 1946, cited in Rollyson,
Rebecca West
, p. 214.

‘I’m fifty-three’: RW to Emanie Arling, 13 Aug 1946, in
Selected Letters of Rebecca West
.

‘I had never met’: H.G. Wells,
H.G. Wells in Love: Postscript to an Experiment in Autobiography
(Faber, 1984), cited in Glendinnig,
Rebecca West
, p. 46.

‘Dear HG, he was’: RW to Emanie Arling, 13 Aug 1946, in
Selected Letters of Rebecca West
.

14  
‘Oh God, what a world!’, ‘Francis’: RW to Emanie Arling, 13 Aug 1946, in
Selected Letters of Rebecca West
.

15  
‘lovely, Francis, lovely!’: Biddle to RW, 8 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

‘I come to breakfast’: RW to Biddle, 29 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

16  
‘It is awfully good’: Biddle to RW, 26 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

‘I want to’: RW to Emanie Arling 13 Aug 1946, in
Selected Letters of Rebecca West
.

‘a highly intelligent, ‘Doubtless the life’, ‘an image of Eros’, ‘inconsolable widowhood’, ‘Oh Love’: RW, ‘Extraordinary Exile’.

17  
‘either in love’: RW to Ross, 28 Aug 1946, Archive of
The New Yorker
.

‘the dog hung’: Biddle to RW, 26 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

‘Where the pine trees’: RW, ‘Extraordinary Exile’.

‘The dragonflies made’: Biddle to RW, 26 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

10:
Judgement

1  
‘I think we complicate’: Biddle to RW, 19 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

‘we have never’: Biddle to RW, 26 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

‘I said to you’: Biddle to RW, 29 Aug 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

2  
‘mile after mile’: RW, ‘Greenhouse with Cyclamens’, in
A Train of Powder
(Virago, 1984), p. 34.

‘Not a smile’: RW to Henry Andrews, n.d., RW Archive (Beinecke).

3  
RW’s shyness: RW, diary, 26 Sep 1946, RW Archive (Beinecke).

4  
‘one of the most important’: RW, ‘Eye-Witness Impressions of the Nuremberg Trial’,
Daily Telegraph
, 27 Sep 1946.

5  
‘it was necessary’, ‘gone silly’: RW, ‘A Reporter at Large: The Birch Leaves Falling’,
The New Yorker
, 26 Oct 1946.

6  
‘one of those’: RW, ‘Last Dramatic Scenes of Nuremberg Trial’,
Daily Telegraph
, 1 Oct 1946.