The Passport in America: The History of a Document (71 page)

internal,
133
–34

passport nuisance and,
215
–28

permission to,
26

plans and purpose of,
92
,
98
,
193
–94,
221
–22

“proof of necessity” for, in Europe,
194

right to,
16

by women,
221

“travel certificates” for Russia,
157

travel documents

government-issued,
263
n18

passport as,
133
,
142
,
160
,
180

travelers checks,
38

Treasury Department,
162
,
175
,
178
,
189
,
211

trust,
2
,
8
,
15
,
25

distrust of Chinese,
46
,
86
,
175

distrust of documentation,
176
–83

money and,
37
,
38

demand for documentation vs.,
69
,
77
–78,
89
,
95
,
215
,
216
,
229
,
232

Turkey,
29
,
129
,
134
–37,
150

“twilight-zone Americans,”
192

typewriters,
39
,
117

validity of passports, duration of,
152
,
154
,
192
,
225
,
226
,
227

Vanderbilt, William K.,
184
–85,
193

verification.
See also
digital regime of

verification, documentary regime of verification; technology of verification; documentation (new identity from)

as practice of comparison,
17
,
91
,
247

Veterans Association, United States,
235

Vienna,
149

Visa Division,
203

visas

accompanied by signatures,
23
,
25

for aliens,
187
,
190
,
201
,
203
–5

for Chinese immigrants,
172

Einstein’s application for,
233
–35

for entering and leaving U.S.,
142

as entry permit for noncitizens,
15

excessive ribbon on,
213

fees for,
223
–26

fraudulent,
39

on International Society for Collectors membership card,
29
,
32
f

issued by consuls,
29
,
30
f
,
31
f
,
187
,
190
–91

issued in foreign countries,
28
,
30
f
,
31
f
,
143
,
203
,
296
n95

reciprocal agreements with countries,
226
,
301
n54

from Russia,
21

stamps for,
218

symbols on,
204

von Hülsemann, Johann Georg,
138

voter registration,
6
–7,
96
–97

voting

African Americans and,
76
–77

identification and,
6
–7,
76
–77,
96
,
250
,
276
n9

witnesses and,
276
n9

women and,
50

war on terror,
16
,
246

Warsaw,
206

Washington Post
,
215

watermark,
39

Watts, Harvey M.,
231
–33

Weber, Max,
230

Webster, Daniel,
133

Westphalia, Kingdom of,
65

whiteness

citizenship and,
102
,
103

defining,
4
,
102

nationality and,
11
,
13
,
203
,
211

naturalization and,
161

privilege and,
77
–78

Williams, Peter,
132

Williams, William,
169
–70,
179
–80

Wilson, Woodrow,
186
,
187
,
274
n1

on Civilian Advisory Commission,
199

on draft boards,
200

on visas for aliens,
201

witnesses

with applications,
98
,
102
–3,
193

of births, affidavits from,
105
–7,
231
–32

in foreign countries,
102

“professional,”
102

signatures of,
55
,
57
,
270
n5

voting and,
276
n9

Woman’s Patriot Corporation,
234

women

citizenship of,
50
,
93
,
95
,
159
,
276
n4

married,
49
–53,
67
f
,
156

on ornamentation,
33
,
34
f

separate passports issued to,
52
–53,
156

travel by,
221

voting and,
50

word

as evidence,
6
,
92
,
96

facts
vs
.,
230

as identification,
95
,
182

rejection of,
215

World War I (WWI),
12

applications during,
101
,
188
,
193
–95

birth certificates required during,
105

border security and,
183

fraud during,
38

names and,
45

passport control and,
185
–97

passport issuance during,
50
,
184
–85

passports required during,
13
,
64
,
68
,
72

photographs introduced during,
55

surveillance during,
189
,
199
–201

WWI.
See
World War I

“X” as signature,
55