34
Luis Endicott to Mr. Bradlee, April 27, 1864, Civil War Papers, Box 2, Folder 9, AAS.
33. “THE MOST INTERESTING MEN IN THE COUNTRY”
1
“All Hail to Ulysses!” (Chicago, 1864), Union Imprint Song Sheets, John Hay Library, Brown University.
2
Southern Illustrated News,
May 30, 1863.
3
Livermore,
Numbers and Losses in the Civil War,
47.
4
Lyman,
With Grant and Meade,
121.
7
On these lesser generals, see Simon, “Grant, Lincoln, and Unconditional Surrender,” in Boritt,
Lincoln’s Generals,
181-89.
8
Fort quoted in Faust, Mothers of Invention, 138.
9
William T. Sherman to H. W Hill, September 7, 1863, O.R., series 1, vol. 30, pt. 3, 403.
(War of the Rebellion)
11
James Longstreet, From
Manassas
to Appomattox, 554.
12
Samuel S. Cox, Eight Years in Congress, 395.
13
In the end, Frémont withdrew his candidacy in return for Lincoln’s promise to restructure his cabinet.
14
Martha LeBaron Goddard to Mary W. Johnson, May 2, 1864, Manuscripts Collection, AAS.
16
Marvin, “Sermon on Daniel 4:27,” April 7, 1864, Sermons Collection, AAS.
17
See, for example, Davis’s angry reply to North Carolina’s governor, Zebulon B. Vance, February 29, 1864 in Crist, ed.,
Papers of Jefferson Davis,
12 vols., vol. 10: 265-70.
18
Richmond Daily Whig,
April 8, 1864. See also
Richmond Daily Dispatch,
March 17, March 28, and March 30, 1864.
34. “IF IT TAKES ALL SUMMER”
1
For an excellent account of the battle, see Cushman,
Bloody Promenade.
2
For the description of Lee’s rendezvous with Longstreet’s Texans, I am indebted to Freeman,
Lee’s
Lieutenants, 3:356-57.
3
Gordon is quoted in Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants, 3:368.
4
James Longstreet, From
Manassas
to Appomattox, 565.
8
Lyman,
With Grant and Meade,
99-100.
9
Freeman and McWhiney,
Lee’s Dispatches,
May 18, 1864, 214.
10
Lyman,
With Grant and Meade,
102.
11
“Grant to Halleck,” O.R., series I, vol. 36, pt. 2, p. 672
(War of the Rebellion).
12
For the account of this battle, I have relied heavily on Freeman,
Lee’s Lieutenants,
3:402-10; Catton,
Never Call Retreat,
358-61; and Matter,
If It Takes All Summer.
13
See Gordon’s account in
Reminiscences of the CiviL War,
278-81.
14
Quoted in Freeman,
Lee’s Lieutenants,
3:408.
15
Lyman, With Grant
and
Meade, 114.
35. “JUNE 3. COLD HARBOR. I WAS KILLED”
1
Mobile Daily Advertiser and Register,
May 27, 1864.
2
American Presbyterian,
May 19, 1864.
3
Putnam,
Richmond During the War,
296-97.
4
Helmreich, “A Prayer for the Spirit of Acceptance,” 405.
5
Lyman,
With Grant and Meade,
106. Italics mine.
6
Willoughby’s correspondence is preserved in William Augustus Willoughby Papers, Manuscript Collection, AAS.
7
John E. Anderson,
Reminiscence,
158 in Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 1, AAS. References to “holy war” were becoming commonplace. See also Eustis,
Discourse Delivered at the Funeral of Rev. Samuel Fisk
, 45.
8
Perkins K. Clark, Sacrifices for Our Country, 11.
9
Rufus W. Clark, Discourse Commemorative of the Heroes of Albany, 8, and Griggs,
No Fear of Death,
11.
10
See
Griffith, Battle Tactics of the Civil War,
137-92.
11
Lyman,
With Grant and Meade, 117.
13
Robertson,
Civil War Virginia,
153.
14
See Brooks D. Simpson’s introduction to Lyman,
With Grant and Meade,
xi.
15
Quoted in Furgurson,
Not War but Murder,
151-52. The fighting continued at Cold Harbor into the evening, but the greatest percentage of casualties came in the opening hour.
16
Charles Watson Washburn Papers, 1862-1865, Manuscript collection, vol. 1, AAS.
17
The correspondence between Lee and Grant is reprinted in Grant’s Memoirs, 586-87. For an insightful analysis of the exchange in the context of honor and morality, I am indebted to an unpublished paper by Wyatt-Brown, “Robert E. Lee and the Concept of Honor.”
18
Quoted in Furgurson,
Not War but Murder,
212-13.
20
Philadelphia Inquirer,
July 23, 1864.
21
See McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom,
737.
36. “THE PIOUS MEN WILL BE HELD UP AS THE GREATEST OF PATRIOTS”
1
Richmond Examiner,
June 4, 1864.
2
American Presbyterian,
September 8, 1864. For additional accounts see
New York Evangelist,
May 26, 1864.
3
Benjamin Gratz Brown,
Immediate Abolition of Slavery,
13.
4
Dowdey
Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
807.
5
George Elsworth to Enron Thomas, November 11, 1864, Civil War Papers, Box 2, Folder 3, AAS.
6
Martin Blynum to Thomas Prince, August 1, 1864, Civil War Papers, Box 2, Folder 3, AAS.
7
Quoted in McPherson,
The Negro’s Civil War,
224-25.
8
Philadelphia Inquirer,
June 18, 1864.
9
Richmond Daily Dispatch,
July 16 and 29, 1864.
12
Payne’s letter is reprinted in Redkey,
Grand Army of Black Men,
114-
13
Emory M. Thomas,
Robert E. Lee,
342.
37. “IF THEY WANT PEACE THEY ... MUST STOP THE WAR”
1
John E. Anderson, Reminiscence, 136, Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 1, AAS.
4
Quoted in Royster,
Destructive War,
299.
6
Royster,
Destructive
War, 315.
8
I am indebted to Fellows for first calling this to my attention in “‘The Poor Women Will Make a Howl.’” Many of the primary sources surrounding the deportation are reprinted in Hitt,
Charged with Treason.
9
O.R, series. 1, vol. 36, pt. 5, 76-77
(War of the Rebellion).
10
By war’s end, many of the women had become sufficiently habituated to their new home that they remained rather than return to their devastated home sites.
11
Milledgeville
Confederate Union, August 23, 1864.
13
New York Tribune, July 21, 1864.
14
Dowdey, Wartime Papers
of R.
E. Lee, 821.
15
Richmond
Daily Whig, July 20, 1864.
16
Preston, Lee: West Point and
Lexington,
32-36, and Sherman, Memoirs, 543-44
19
See McDonough and Jones,
War So Terrible,
269—90.
20
John E. Anderson,
Reminiscence,
155, Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 1, AAS.
22
For descriptions of the destruction see Russell,
Atlanta,
1847-1890, 114-15.
23
Sherman,
Memoirs,
598-99.
24
The correspondence between Sherman and Hood is reprinted in Sherman,
Memoirs,
591-98.
25
Quoted in Bower, “Theology of the Battlefield,” 1024.
27
John M. Howe Letters, 1864, Civil War Papers, Box 2, Folder 5, AAS.
28
American Presbyterian, August 4, 1864.
29
Lewin, National
Judgments,
5.
30
American Presbyterian, August 4, 1864.
31
Cruickshanks, Sermon Preached, 11-13.
38. “RED OCTOBER”: “THE WORK OF DESTRUCTION”
1
Conrad,
Thanksgiving Discourse,
14.
2
Vandiver,
Jubal Early War Memoirs,
478.
3
New York Times, August 8, 1864.
5
Sheridan, Memoirs, 1: 462, 488.
6
All quotes from Anderson are taken from John Emerson Anderson, Letters, Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 2, AAS.
7
Dowdey,
Wartime Papers of Robert. E. Lee,
704.
8
Valley Spirit,
August 31, 1864. I am indebted to Mochan, “Rebel Vengeance,” for bringing this source to my attention.
9
McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom,
619.
10
Grimsley,
Hard Hand of War,
171-204.
11
Bernard,
Lincoln and the Music of the Civil War,
245.
12
Quoted in Catton,
Never Call Retreat,
387.
13
Greiner et al.,
Surgeon’s Civil
War, 252.
14
Sheridan,
Memoirs,
2:39-40.
16
Duncan,
Lee’s Endangered Left,
145. On guerrilla warfare, see Virgil Carrington Jones,
Gray Ghosts and Rebel Raiders.
17
Greiner et al.,
Surgeon’s Civil War,
261.
20
Quoted in Gallagher,
Confederate War,
77.
21
Greiner et al.,
Surgeon’s Civil War,
245-66.
22
Sheridan,
Memoirs,
II 75-82.
23
Thompson,
Peace through Victory,
p. 13.
24
New York Observer,
November 17, 1864.
25
Cleveland,
Thanksgiving Discourse,
11, 13-14
39. “A VOTE FOR PRINCIPLE, FOR CONSCIENCE, FOR CHRIST”
1
American Presbyterian,
November 3, 1864.
2
Joseph P. Thompson,
Peace through Victory,
11, 13.
3
Victor B. Howard,
Religion and the Radical Republican Movement,
81-87.
4
Chicago Times,
November 24, 1864.
5
VanderVelde,
Presbyterian Churches and the Federal Union,
322-23.
6
Van Dyke,
Spirituality and Independence of the Church,
13, 15, 18.
7
For a voting analysis of the two parties, see Silbey,
Respectable Minority,
140-57.
8
Ransom,
Diary,
November 6, 1864.
9
Ellis,
Nation’s Ballot,
9.
10
Richmond Daily Whig,
November 12, 1864.
11
Alexander H. Vinton,
Cause for Thanksgiving,
22-23.
12
Phipps,
Discourse Delivered in Paxton, Massachusetts,
8.
13
Perrin,
Our Part in the World’s Struggle,
7—8, 20-22.
14
Wells,
Sacrifice of Continual Praise,
14-15.
15
American Presbyterian,
November 24 and December 12, 1864.
40. “I CAN MAKE THIS MARCH, AND MAKE GEORGIA HOWL!”
3
Central Presbyterian,
November 10, 1864.
4
For editorials hostile to enlisting black soldiers, see, for example,
Richmond Daily Dispatch,
November 9, 1864;
Marion
Ensign, November 16, 1864; or
Richmond Examiner,
November 2, 1864.
5
Quoted in Catton,
Never Call Retreat,
401.
6
If nothing else, America’s disastrous experience in Vietnam’s civil war confirms that guerrilla warfare can be successful against mighty armies.
10
John Emerson Anderson, Letters, Civil War Papers, Box 1, Folder 2, AAS.
13
Quoted in Catton, Never
Call
Retreat, 415.