From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (163 page)

David Halberstam,
War in a Time of Peace
(New York, 2001) is insightful on policymaking in the George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton administrations, especially on the question of humanitarian interventions. David Rothkopf,
Running the World: The Inside Story of the National Security Council and the Architects of American Power
(New York, 2004) is particularly good on the Clinton administration, in which he served. Colin Powell with Joseph Persico,
My American Journey
(New York, 1995), Bill Clinton,
My Life
(New York, 2004), Warren Christopher,
Chances of a Lifetime
(New York, 2001), and Madeleine Albright,
Madame Secretary
(New York, 2003) provide useful detail.

James Mann,
Rise of the Vulcans
(New York, 2004) is essential for the mindset and rivalries among those who took power in the George W. Bush administration. Glenn Kessler,
The Confidante: Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy
(New York, 2007), and Elisabeth Bumiller,
Condoleezza Rice: A Biography
(New York, 2008), biographies by journalists, are valuable for Bush's national security adviser and secretary of state. Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay,
America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in American Foreign Policy
(Washington, 2003) is an
early assessment of a controversial presidency. Robert Jervis,
American Foreign Policy in a New Era
(New York, 2005) is critical of the so-called Bush Doctrine. Robert Draper,
Dead Certain: The Presidency of George W. Bush
(New York, 2007) is an early attempt to assess a controversial presidency. Samuel P. Huntington,
The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order
(New York, 1996) anticipates the major conflict of the early twenty-first century. Lawrence Wright,
The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11
(New York, 2006) helps understand an enigmatic enemy. Richard Clarke,
Against All Enemies
(New York, 2004) recounts the outspoken author's only partially successful efforts to engage the government on terrorism. Bob Woodward's trilogy,
Bush at War
(New York, 2003),
Plan of Attack
(New York, 2004), and
State of Denial
(New York, 2006) contains inside information and becomes increasingly critical of the Bush administration. Steve Coll,
Ghost Wars
(New York, 2004) covers the early years of the war in Afghanistan. The run-up to war in Iraq and the flimsy case it was built on are detailed in Michael Isikoff and David Corn,
Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War
(New York, 2006) and from Powell's viewpoint in Karen DeYoung,
Soldier: The Life of Colin Powell
(New York, 2006). Excellent early accounts of the Iraq War are Thomas Ricks,
Fiasco: America's Military Adventure in Iraq
(New York, 2006), Bernard E. Trainor and Michael R. Gordon,
Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion of Iraq
(New York, 2006), and George Packer,
The Assassins' Gate: America in Iraq
(New York, 2005). An important work by an Iraqi political official is Ali A. Allawi,
The Occupation of Iraq: Winning the War, Losing the Peace
(New Haven, Conn., 2007). Seymour Hersh,
Chain of Command: The Road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib
(New York, 2004) investigates the background of Abu Ghraib.

* Note: Page numbers in
italics
indicate map references.

Able Archer military exercises,
861
,
896

abolitionism,
107
,
176
,
178
,
183
,
203
,
238

Abraham Lincoln Brigade,
508

Abu Ghraib prison,
955
,
956

Acheson, Dean: Acheson-Lilienthal Plan,
607

and anti-Communism,
611

and Asia,
630
,
635
–37,
650

and the "China White Paper,"
636

and coalition-building,
963

and the Cuban Missile crisis,
721

and Eisenhower,
677
,
700

and Germany,
781

and the Greek crisis,
615

influence of,
612
,
613

and Korea,
640
,
909

and Latin America,
627
,
683

and McCarthy,
649

memoir,
595

and military spending,
709

and NATO,
626

and NSC-68,
635
,
638
–39,
647
,
754

and race issues,
656

and State Department influence,
614

and Turkey,
609

and Western Europe,
668

Acheson-Lilienthal plan,
607

activism,
343
,
845

Act of Havana,
529

Adams, Abigail,
139

Adams, Charles Francis,
231
,
237
,
238
,
240

Adams, Henry,
249
,
256
,
348

Adams, John: and the American Revolution,
14

and the Barbary states,
39
,
40

and conflicts with France,
83
–85,
88
,
89
,
91

death of,
159

and diplomatic negotiations,
29
,
30
–s31,
32

in England,
36

and expansionism,
49
–50

foreign policy legacy,
963

and foreign policy precedents,
56

and Franklin,
20
,
33
–34

and the Model Treaty,
17
,
21

and Native Americans,
23

and trade issues,
38
,
75

and the Tripolitan War,
98

and U.S. exceptionalism,
16

Adams, John Quincy: and abolitionism,
183

on the Bill of Rights,
55

and the British West Indies,
167

and the cabinet system,
140

and commercial expansion,
140
–44,
152

and Confederacy commerce raiders,
247

diplomatic skill,
166

and the Era of Good Feelings,
140

and European diplomacy,
88
,
138

foreign policy legacy,
963

and the Greece crisis,
4
,
152

and Haiti,
183

and Jackson,
165
,
169
,
171
,
175

and the Monroe Doctrine,
152
,
154
–58,
159
–64

and trade negotiations,
288

and Treaty of Ghent,
130

and U.S. expansionism,
134
,
138
–39,
145
,
148
,
149
,
151
,
159
,
191
,
199
,
570

and the War of 1812,
131

Adams-Onis Treaty,
149
–51,
150
,
164

Addams, Jane,
351
,
397
,
406
,
410

Adee, Alvey,
279

Adelman, Kenneth,
896

Adenauer, Konrad,
669
,
725

Adet, Pierre,
82
,
83

admiralty courts,
116

Afghanistan,
854

and Bin Laden,
942

and Bush (G. W.),
942
–43,
946
,
957
–61,
964

and China,
901

and the Cold War,
915

and Gorbachev,
894

and Reagan,
881
,
883
–84,
896
,
897
–98

Soviet invasion of,
852
–57,
860
,
881
,
883
–84,
894
,
896
–97,
901
,
915

Africa: and Carter,
833
,
834
,
842
–43

and the Cold War,
627
–28,
791
,
824
,
825
,
840
–45,
882
–83,
917

and ethnic conflict,
920

and European imperialism,
135
,
268
,
275
,
302

and Kennedy,
715
–16

and missionaries,
274
,
441

and the new international system,
961

and Nixon,
790
–91

and the Paris Peace Conference,
421

and the State Department,
791

trade with,
287
–88.
See also specific countries

African Americans: and colonization plans,
238
–39,
241
,
274
–75,
375

and decolonization,
570
,
682

and education,
344

and elections,
470

and internationalism,
441
,
627
–28

and Italo-Ethiopian War,
506

and Kennedy,
715

and missions,
159
,
274

and the post-Civil War era,
268

rights of,
305

and segregation,
681
–83

treatment of,
352

African International Association,
287
–88

African National Congress (ANC),
716
,
882

Agnew, Spiro,
813

Aguinaldo, Emilio,
321
–22,
326
–27,
328
–29

Aidid, Mohammed Farah,
927

air power: and Afghanistan,
942

aircraft carriers,
480

and arms reduction,
819

and the Balkans conflict,
930

and Berlin airlift,
624

and the Iraq War,
951
–52

and Israel,
746
–47

and Kosovo,
933
,
934

and Pakistani air bases,
681

and the Persian Gulf War,
912

and the postwar international system,
597

and preemptive war,
581
–82

and the Spanish Civil War,
515

and Vietnam,
738
–41,
745
,
754
–55,
767
,
793
,
797
,
820
,
823
–24

and World War II,
484
,
523
,
528
,
580
.
See also specific aircraft

Alabama,
172

Alaman, Lucas,
174
,
200
,
205

Alaska,
152
,
228
,
251
,
257
–58,
273

Albania,
441
,
614

Albert, Prince Consort of Victoria,
232

Albright, Madeleine,
2
,
932
,
933
,
936

Alcoa,
462

Alessandri, Arturo,
717
–18

Aleutian Islands,
257

Alexander I,
152
,
153

Alexander II,
229
,
246

Alexandra
(ship),
249

Algeria,
39
,
98
,
100
,
424
,
425

Al Jazeera,
962

Allen, Charles,
365

Allende, Salvador,
787
–88,
808
,
812

Alliance for Progress,
689
,
716
–19,
732
–33,
735
,
786
–87

Allied Supreme War Council,
413

Allison, John,
694

Al Qaeda,
940
–41,
951
,
955
,
956
,
959

Al-Zawahiri, Ayman,
959

Amau Doctrine,
503

Amelia Island,
111
–12,
146

America First Committee,
521
–22,
812

American and Foreign Power Company (AFP),
449

"American Century,"
2

American Establishment,
612
–13

American Federation of Labor,
620

American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC),
922
–23

The Americanization of the World
(Stead),
342

American Jewish Committee,
352

American Red Cross,
275
,
343
,
399
–400,
414
,
423
,
465

American Relief Administration (ARA),
423
,
462
,
465

American Revolution,
2
,
11
–12,
17
–23,
27
–28,
97
,
142

American System,
137
,
162

American Telephone and Telegraph,
462
–63

America's Answer
(film),
414

Amnesty International,
845

Anaconda Copper,
787

anarchists,
507

Anderson, Jack,
790

Andropov, Yuri,
894

Angell, Norman,
338

Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement,
566

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC),
564
–65,
672
–73

Anglo-Japanese Alliance,
453

Anglo-Saxonism,
305