From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (164 page)

Angola,
715
–16,
824
,
844
,
882
–83,
899

Annexation Club,
297

Antarctica,
139
,
207

anthrax scare,
946

anti-Americanism,
131
,
468
,
686
,
701
,
743
,
849
,
954
,
958
,
962

anti-ballistic missiles (ABM),
772
,
774
–75,
794
–95,
814

Anti-Comintern Pact,
513

Antifederalists,
53
,
54
–55

antitrust legislation,
446

antiwar movement,
741
,
762
,
767
,
769
,
812
,
909
–10.
See also
peace movement

apartheid,
627
–28,
683
,
716
,
842
–43,
882

appeasement,
485
,
491
,
513
–14,
536

Arabic
(ship),
403

Arab-Israeli conflict: and Bush (G. H. W.),
922
–23

and Bush (G. W.),
960

and Carter,
835

and the Cold War,
671
,
673
–74,
677
,
679

establishment of Israel,
629

and Kennedy,
713

and Reagan,
871

and the Six-Day War,
798

and Syria,
746
–47

and the Yom Kippur War,
804

Arab nationalism,
674
,
677
,
679
,
713
,
714
,
749

Arafat, Yasser,
800
,
872
,
875
–76,
880
,
899
,
923
,
935

Arbenz, Jacobo,
684
–85

Arbuthnot, Alexander,
147
–48,
168

Argentina,
170
–71,
383
,
394
,
556
–57,
717
,
846
,
847

Aristide, Jean-Bertrand,
923
,
929

Armas, Castillo,
685

Armbrister, Richard,
147
–48,
168

Armey, Richard,
931

Armistice Day,
453

arms control and reduction: and Bush (G. H. W.),
908

and Carter,
835
–36

and Clinton,
936

and detente,
723
,
742

and Eisenhower,
696

embargoes,
508
–9,
518
,
688
,
843
,
927

and Ford,
818
–19

and Gorbachev,
898
–99

and Hoover,
479

and Johnson,
755

and Nixon,
772
–75

and the peace movement,
443
–44

and Reagan,
867
–71

and the SALT agreements,
775
,
794
–95,
807
,
818
–19,
827
,
835
,
851
–52,
854
,
867
,
868

and the Soviet Union,
696
–98,
794
–95,
818
–20,
835
–36,
851
–52

U.S. leadership,
452
–56

arms race,
398
,
479
,
651
,
796
.
See also
nuclear weapons

arms sales,
799
,
800
,
814
,
839
,
847
,
878
,
879
,
902
,
929

Armstrong, John,
123

Armstrong, Samuel,
344

Army Air Force,
624

Army War College,
349

Aroostook War,
186

Arthur, Chester A.,
280
,
282
–83,
287
–89

Articles of Confederation,
25
–26,
41
,
48
,
50
,
53
,
55
,
625
–26

Ashburton, Lord (Alexander Baring),
187

Asia.
See
East Asia

South Asia

Southeast Asia

specific countries

Asia-Pacific Economic Community,
926

Asiatic Fleet,
467

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),
882

Astor, John Jacob,
114
,
149
–51

Atlantic Charter,
533
,
569

Atomic Energy Commission,
697

atomic weapons.
See
arms control and reduction

nuclear weapons

Australia,
745

Austria: and economic crises,
481
,
485

and European rivalries,
13

and French radicalism,
68

and German rearmament,
669
,
670

and Hungarian rebellion,
216

and Napoleon,
94
,
114

and neutral shipping,
23

and the Polish rebellion,
244

and the post-Civil War era,
253

and Prussia,
225

and the rise of Hitler,
513

and World War I,
425

Austrian State Treaty,
670

Austro-Hungarian empire,
267
,
398
,
412
,
418
,
424
,
437

automobiles,
438
,
446
,
466
,
470

AWAC aircraft,
848

"axis of evil,"
943

Azerbaijan,
606
–7

Azores,
527

Baath Party,
746
,
749
,
954
,
955

Backfire bombers,
819

Badoglio, Marshal,
582

Baghdad, Iraq,
910
,
952
,
954
–57

Baghdad Pact,
673
–74,
680

Bahama Islands,
387

Bahr, Egon,
780
,
781

Baker, Howard,
838
,
852
,
907

Baker, James A., III,
865
,
900
,
922
–23,
948

Balaguer, Joaquin,
735

balance of power system: American use of,
15
,
28
,
54
,
66
,
68

and Britain,
548
,
554
,
583

and Clay (Cassius),
238

and the Cold War,
636
,
638
,
652

and European stability,
134
–35

Franklin on,
30

and the Jay Treaty,
79

Lippmann on,
581

and North America,
229
,
244
–45

and the Peace of Westphalia,
13

and the United Nations,
711

and the War of 1898,
336

and Wilson,
407
,
412

and World War I,
406
–7

Baldwin, Hanson,
837
–38

Baldwin, Stanley,
458

Balfour Resolution,
567

Balkans: and Bush (G. H. W.),
924
–25

and Bush (G. W.),
938

and Clinton,
929
–30,
932
–33,
936

European conflicts in,
261

and the Iraq War,
942
,
953

and the Turkish crisis,
609
–10

and World War I,
418
,
422
,
431

and World War II,
543
,
601
–2.
See also specific countries

Ball, George W.,
543
,
733
,
832

Baltic States,
548
,
554
,
907

banana republics,
374
,
447

Bancroft, Edward,
19

Bangladesh,
789
,
790

Bank for International Settlements,
481

Bank of Nicaragua,
374

Bao Dai,
635

Barak, Ehud,
935

Barbary States,
39
–40,
97
–101,
98

The Barber of Seville,
18

Barclay, Thomas,
40

Baring, Alexander (Lord Ash-burton),
187

Barrett, Edward,
648

Barton, Clara,
275

Baruch, Bernard,
509
,
607
–8

Bass, Warren,
728

Bassett, Ebenezar Don Carlos,
280

Batangiga massacre,
328

Batista, Fulgencio,
684
,
686
–87

Baton Rouge,
111

Battle Cry for Peace
(film),
405

Battle of the Alamo,
194

Battle of Antietam,
241
,
242
,
246

Battle of Appomattox,
249
–50,
254

Battle of the Atlantic,
526
,
533
,
539

Battle of Britain,
523

Battle of the Bulge,
585

Battle of Bull Run,
232

Battle of Dunkirk,
519

Battle of Gettysburg,
246

Battle of Horseshoe Bend,
131

Battle of Leyte Gulf,
580

Battle of Manila Bay,
316

Battle of Midway,
550

Battle of New Orleans,
129
,
132
–33

Battle of Philippine Sea,
579
–80

Battle of San Jacinto,
175
,
194
,
197

Battle of Saratoga,
20

Battle of Stalingrad,
554

Battle of the Thames,
128
,
131

Battle of Tippecanoe,
124

Battle of Trafalgar,
114

Battle of Vicksburg,
246

Battle of Waterloo,
114
,
301
–2

Bayard, Thomas,
278
,
295
,
308

Bay of Pigs invasion,
705
–8,
716

Bazargan, Mehdi,
849
,
850

Bear Flag Revolt,
200

Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de,
18
,
21

Beckwith, George,
67

Begin, Menachem,
628
–29,
835
–36,
840
–42,
857
,
872

Beirut,
873
,
875

Beirut embassy bombing,
873

Belarus,
913

Belgium,
400
,
403
,
412
,
424
,
425
,
458
,
460
,
519
,
715

Belgrade,
934

Belize,
885

Bemis, Samuel Flagg,
299

Ben-Gurion, David,
568

Bennett, James Gordon,
178
,
248

Benton, Thomas Hart,
151
,
189
–90

Benton, William,
648

Berger, Samuel "Sandy,"
932

Beria, Lavrenty,
658

Bering Sea,
152

Berkeley, George,
118
–19

Berle, Adolf,
556
,
588

Berlin, Germany: Checkpoint Charlie,
710

and the Cold War,
608
,
623
,
623
–25,
651
,
665
,
695
–701,
705
,
709
–10,
720
–21,
723
–26,
752

and the fall of the Soviet Union,
898
,
903
,
905

and German reunification,
780
–81,
861

Berlin, Sir Isaiah,
913

Bernays, Edward,
684

Bernstein, Carl,
802

Betancourt, Romulo,
689

Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von,
403
–4

Betts, Raymond,
711

Beveridge, Albert Jeremiah,
305

Bevin, Ernest,
601
,
625

B-52 bombers,
942

Biafra, Republic of,
790
–91

Bidault, Georges,
625

Bigelow, John,
240

Big Three,
541
,
554
,
577
,
584
–86,
590

Bill of Rights,
55
,
270

Bin Laden, Osama,
936
,
940
–42,
943

biological weapons,
946

Bishop, Maurice,
888

Bismarck, Otto von,
267
,
295

Blackfoot Indians,
112

Black September,
801

Blackwell, Alice Stone,
343

Blaine, James G.: and Britain,
282

and China,
283

and the Dominican Republic,
369

and foreign relations,
292
–96,
305

and the Gilded Age,
278
–79

and Hawaii,
296

and Italy,
283
–84

and the Pacific Basin,
265

and Pan Americanism,
293
,
472

and the Pork War,
289

and Puerto Rico,
318