James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls II (177 page)

16. B.
Ta
‘
an
19b–20a and
ARN
6.3 (21a).

17. B.
Ta
‘
an
20a and
ARN
21a
.

18. B.
Ta
‘
an
19b–20a.

19. Ibid.

20. See
M. Ta
‘
an
3.8 and b.
Ta
‘
an
19a and 23a/j.
Ta
‘
an
3.9–10.

21.
M. Ta
‘
an
3.8, further fleshed out in b.
Ta
‘
an
23a.

22. See Matthew 26:59–67/Mark 14.55–65 and
pars
., a passage which takes up where John 2:28 leaves off. Cf. too John 10:29–39, itself beginning with evocation of ‘
My Father
’.

23. Cf.
Ant
. 14.26–28.

24. B.
Ta
‘
a
n
20a.

25.
Ta
‘
a
n
23b and note how this ‘
Hanin
’ (
John
?) is described as ‘
the son of Honi the Circle–Drawer’s daughter
’
.

26. See Ps.
Rec
1.72 and 2.7 and 12, etc.

27.
Haeres
. 19.4.1.

28. B.
Ned
50a and
Ket
62b. For Monobaz’s connection to R. Akiba, see b.
Shab
68b.

29.
ARN
6.2 (20b). Later Akiba seems to take a Roman matron as his wife. Had Rachel died? This is all very curious. For relations with R. Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, see, for instance,
B.M.
59b,
Hag
14b, j.
Hag
2.17(7b),
Tos
.
Hag
2.2, b.
Meg
3a, etc.

30. Lam.
R
. 2.2.4 and j.
Ta
‘
an
4.5 (68a). For the vivid portrayal of this Uprising and the unimaginable casualties sustained, one should read the whole of this section of Lamentations
Rabbah
.

31. B.
Ned
50a and
Ket
62b.

32. Gen
R
. 42.1.

33. Again, the spelling of this in Josephus is rather ‘
Eleazar
’ (
Ant
. 20.43), not ‘
Eliezer
’ as we have it spelled here. Still his approach echoes that of Eliezer ben Hyranus in the above story in Eccles.
R
. 1.8.4. But these disputes between R. Eliezer and R. Joshua, Yohanan ben Zacchai’s favorite two pupils, are famous in Rabbinic literature – but, in particular, where
circumc
i
sion
as
a
sine qua non
for conversion is concerned, see b.
Yeb
46a where R. Eliezer specifically takes the position of Josephus’ ‘
Eleazar
’ here. This is varied somewhat in j.
Kid
3.14 where R. Joshua is portrayed as also requiring ‘
baptism
’ – an interesting addition.

34.
War
2.520.

35. B.
Git
56a, but see
ARN
6.3 (21a).

36. Cf.
War
2.143 and Ps.
Rec
1.70 which even includes the ‘
headlong
’ language of Acts 1:18’s picture of the James–like ‘
fall
’ Judas
Iscariot
takes and for Luke 4:29 what the citizens of Nazareth wish to do to Jesus when he compares himself to Elijah in the matter of rainmaking and going to ‘
Zarepta the widow of Sidon
’ – another allusion to Queen Helen or Luke’s parallel to Matthew 15:22/Mark 7:26’s ‘
Canaanite
’/‘
Greek Syrophoenician woman
’ (also fromTyre and Sidon)? – and Elisha only having ‘
cleansed
’ the single leper ‘
Naaman the Syrian’
, I.
e.
, his support in his own alleged home of the Pauline ‘
Gentile Mission
’!

37. See 1QpHab XI.4–15 and the discussions in
JBJ
, pp. 252–4, 444–50, 504–13, etc., which are extensive and cannot be repeated here in full. The gist of these are also summarized in
DSSFC
: ‘
The Final Proof that James and the Righteous Teacher are the Same
,’ pp. 332–51; also see Appendix, pp. 87–94 in
JJHP:
‘
The
“
Three Nets of Belial
”
in the Damascus Document and
“
Balla
‘”/“
Bela
‘”
in the Temple Scroll
’ – pp. 208–17 in
DSSFC
.

38. 1QpHab VIII.14–IX.5.

39. B.
San
105a–106b.

40. See my Appendix, pp. 87–94 in
JJHP:
‘
The
“
Three Nets of Belial
”
in the Damascus Document and
“
Balla
‘”/“
Bela
‘”
in the Te
m
ple Scroll
’ and pp. 208–17 in
DSSFC
above. For Revelation, the references are 2:14ff. and 14.8–13, but also see 2 Peter 2:15 and Jude 1:11; at Qumran, see CD IV.14–15 and 1QH IV.10. and 11QT XLVI.10.

41. Cf. Ps.
Rec
2.4, 3.1, etc. and Ps.
Hom
2.19– 22.

42. 1QpHab XII.3–10; but also see 4QpPs37 II.10, III.10, and IV.11 on ‘
the Congregation of the Poor
’ and 1QH V.23: ‘
the Poor Ones of Piety’
.

43. 4QpPs37 IV.10.

44. 1QpHab XII.2–3, echoed in 4QpPs37 IV.9–10.

45.
ARN
6.27 (21a).

46. See
ARN
6.15–17 (20b), b.
Ned
50a–b, and
Ket
62b–63a.

47.
Ket
66b and cf. Lam
R
1.16.48. For Boethus’ daughter with her proper name ‘
Martha’
, see
Git
56a and
Ket
104a. For Boethus’ daughter as ‘
Miriam
,’ see Lam
R
. 1.16.47.

48. It is Paul in Galatians 2:15 who makes it clear that Gentiles were to be identified with ‘
Sinners
’ thereby unraveling this bit of cryptography.

49.
Ket
62b–63a.

50. See
ARN
4 (20a) and
Git
56a–b.

51.
ARN
6.3 (20b)

52. For the
Maschil
or ‘
Guide
’, a title of course that develops out of the Biblical Psalms, see in particular 1QS I.1, III.13, VIII.11, etc., and CD I
.
7–11.

53. John 11:39: ‘
he already stinks for it is four days
’ (since he has been in the tomb).

54. See, for instance, 1QpHab X.9 and CD IV. 19–20 and VIII.13, where ‘
the Man of Lying’
actually is called ‘
the
Mattif
’ (from the verb ‘
hittif
’) or ‘
Pourer out of Lying
’ otherwise known as ‘
the Spouter of Lying’
.

55. This is how it is stated in Mark 14:24 also; in Luke 22:20, this is ‘
poured out for you’
, but cf. CD I.14–15 on the rise of
the ‘Scoffer’
or ‘
Comedian who
poured
over Israel the waters of Lying’
.

Chapter 7

1. In the Dead Sea Scrolls, one should note that ‘
mumuring
’ of this kind is an important infraction. In the first place in CD III.7–14, ‘
murmuring in their tents
’ (i.e., ‘
in the wilderness
’) against ‘
the Voice of their Maker and the Commandments of their Teachers
’ (i.e., the Mosaic Law) is a severe offence.

2. CD XX.17–22.

3.
Ket
. 66b–67a.

4.
Haeres
. 78.14.1

5.
Commentary on Galatians
1:19. This tradition is more or less repeated in b.
Ta
‘
an
23b in regard to Honi’s grandson,
Hanin
, a contemporary of either John the Baptist or James, or both, and here it is the ‘
school children
’ who are substituted for ‘
the People of Jerusalem
’ or the ‘
little children’
, who as here in Jerome’s tradition, ‘
take hold of the hem of his garment
’ or ‘
his fringes’.

6. See, for instance, Matthew 8:2–15, 9:20–31, 14:35–36, and 20:30–34, Mark 3:10–12, 6:55–56, and 8:22–26, Luke 5:12–15, 6:19, 7:1–17, etc. and
pars
.

7. Lam.
R
1.16.47.

8. In this same section, for instance, Lam.
R
1.16.50 quotes Zechariah 14:4 about how God Himself, whose ‘
feet will stand on that Day upon the Mount of Olives’
,  will take the field against all the Nations after already having recounted how R. Eleazar b. Zadok applied the passage from Deuteronomy 28:56–7 concerning ‘
the tender and delicate woman … who would not set the sole of her feet upon the ground
’ (1.16.47).

9.
Ket
. 67a. This theme of ‘
the Poor
’ will appear over and over again.

10. As an example of this kind of thing, one should see the way the Man–God or God Dionysus is treated or demands to be treated in Euripides’
Bacchae
– but this is only one example among many.

11. See
War
2.122–23, but also see CD XIII.11–13 on the duties of the
Mebakker
or Overseer on the matter of property.

12.
Epistle of Peter to James
5.1.

13.
Epistle of Peter to James
4.1. For ‘
the Fountain of Living Waters’
at Qumran and, in particular, related to ‘
the New Cov
e
nant in the Land of Damascus’
, see CD III.16–17 and VIII.22–23; for baptism or ‘
immersion
’ see 1QS III.4–9 and IV.20–23, etc.

14. See 1QS IX.3–6, CD VII.4–6, XV.19–20, 1QM VII. 5–7, XII.1–10, etc.; of course, the language of ‘
keeping the Cov
e
nant
’ at Qumran is intrinsic and occurs throughout but, in particular, it is the definition of
‘the Sons of Zadok
’ in 1QS V.2–5 and 8–14 and CD III.2–20, VIII.1–2 (on ‘
breaking the Covenant
’), XX.17–18, etc.

15. In particular, see Paul in Galatians 1:20, 2 Corinthians 11:31, and if one wishes from the Pastorals, 1Timothy 2:7, 4:2, etc.

16.
Epistle of Peter to James
4.5

17. Matthew 26:21–5/Mark 14:18–21.

18. Perhaps the best discussion of this kind of censorship is to be found in Robert Eisler’s
The Messiah Jesus and John the Baptist
, pp. 49–112, London/NewYork, 1931 with numerous examples and illustrations with particular reference to ‘
the Testimonium Flavianum’
.

19. CD V.6–18. This is a key passage for it explains how the Establishment ‘
pollutes the Temple’
, I. e., because ‘
they do not separate according to the
Torah
’ (i.e., between ‘
clean
’ and ‘
unclean’
, ‘
Holy and profane
’) and ‘
they lie with a woman during the blood of her period and each man takes
(
to wife
)
the daughter of his brother and the daughter of his sister’
.