James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls II (175 page)

31.
Ant.
14.27–8.

32.
Ant
. 14.27.

33.
War
1.148. Interestingly
Ant
. 14.65–8 credits Strabo, Nicolaus of Damascus, and Livy of attesting to similar points.

34.
War
1.150/
Ant.
14.69.

35.
Ant
. 14.28.

36. Cf.
T
a‘
an
. 7b.

37. Cf. 11QM XII.9–10 and XIX.2 above with Matthew 5:45.

38.
Berakhot
48a.

39.
B. Ta
‘an. 23a/
j. Ta
‘
an
. 66b.

40. Cf.
M. Ta
‘
an
. 3.8 with
E.H.
2.23.14–23 and
Ant
. 20.200–2.

41. Cf.
M. Ta
‘
an
. 3:8 and
b. Ta
‘
an
. 23b;
Ant
. 14.21.

42. For Simeon as one of the original Pharisee ‘
Pairs
’, see
Abboth
1.9 and
ARN
10.1 (22a).

43.
E.H.
2.23.6,
Haeres
. 78.14.1,
Vir. ill
. 2, etc.

44.
Ant
. 14.22.

45.
B. Ta
‘
an
. 23a–b.

46. See R. Eisler,
The Messiah Jesus and John the Baptist
, p. 244.

47. See, for instance, the note in the
Yalkut on Jeremiah
35:12 that ‘
Rechabites
’ (such as these ancestors of John like Honi) married the daughters of Priests and their descendants ministered as Priests in the Temple.

48. Cf. Koran 3.33–49 and note how Muhammad calls John both
‘a Prophet to the Righteous
’ and
‘celibate
’ (3.39); but a
l
so note the use of the word ‘
hidden
’ in 3:44.

49. This is, of course, both ‘
the Insan al-Kamil
’ of Mandaean doctrine and ‘
the Adam Kadmon
’ of Jewish
Kabbalah.
It is also ‘
the Primal Adam
’ of both the Pseudoclementines and the Ebionites.

50. Cf. John 21:20–3 with 1QpHab VII.9–15.

51. Cf.
Ant.
18.117 with Koran 3.59, 19.17, etc.

52. Note that in 15:45, Paul actually refers to ‘
the First Man Adam
’ (i.e., ‘
the Primal Adam
’) which ‘
became a living soul
’, but ‘
the Second
’ or ‘
Last Adam, a life-giving Spirit
’.

53. Also see Ezekiel 1:27–8 and the ‘
no mere Man
’/‘
no mere
Adam
’ citation of Isaiah 31:8 in 1QM XI.11–2.

54. 1QH IV.21–5.

55. 1QH IV.30–3.

56. Cf. 1QH VII.6–10 and IX.28–30 with
E.H.
2.23.7 and 3.7.9 and
Haeres
. 78.7.7.

57. See, for instance, CD VI.14–5 and VI.17–VII.3.

58. Cf. ‘
the
Rishonim
’ or ‘
the First
’ in CD I.16 and VIII.17–8/XIX.19–21, following allusion to ‘
turning aside from the way of the People
(
s
)’ again and cf. Jesus in the New Testament speaking about clearly tendentious material concerning ‘
the First shall be Last and the Last shall be First
’ – Matthew 20:16 and
par
s.

59. Numbers 25:6–15.

60. For this original ‘
Covenant
’, see Genesis 9:9–17, but also see
Ben Sira
45:23–29 referring to Phineas above and the
Z
o
har
, i.66b and 68b on ‘
Noah
’ too.

61.
Ta
‘
an
. 23a–b.

62.
B. Pes
. 57a and
Tos. Men.
13.21 (533).

63.
Ant
. 20.181 and 20.206–7.

64. 1Chronicles 5:27–34.

65. We treat this artificiality in
DSSFC
, pp. 24–6/
MZCQ
, pp. 8 and 46; but note that Josephus in
Ant
. 20.224–31 lists some eighteen High Priests from Solomon’s time until Nebuchadnezzar ‘
took Josadek the High Priest captive
’, while in 10.152–3 he lists only six names for the same period –
pace
both genealogical and chronological knowledge in Josephus’ time.

66. Cf.
Haeres
. 78.14.1 with
b. Ta
‘
an
. 23a–b.

67.
B. Ta
‘
an
. 23b.

68. See Jerome,
Comm. on Galatians
1:19.

69. Cf. how in the Ps.
Hom’
s Prelude in the Letter of Peter to James 5, the assembled ‘
Elders
’ are ‘
in an agony of terror
’ on having heard James’ words on ‘
keeping this Covenant
’ and, therefore, ‘
joining the Heavenly Holy Ones
’.

70. Cf. Matthew 8:2–15, 9:20–31, 14:35–36, 20:30–34/Mark 3:10–12, 6:55–56, 8:22–26/Luke 5:12–15, 6:19, 7:1–17
.

71. Cf. James 5:7–8 with John 21:22–3 and 1QpHab VII.5–14.

72. See
A. Z.
16b–17a and
j. Shab
. 14:4(14d).

73. Cf.
E.H.
2.23.10–13 with Ps.
Rec.
1.44.

74. See
A.Z.
16b, Eccles.
R
. 1.8.3, and
Tos. Hul
. 2:24. N.b., this name ‘
Jesus
ha-Notzri
’ is conserved in one Talmudic ms. redaction.

75. Along with Eliezer, R. Joshua ben Hananiah (Jesus?) was one of the five ‘
Disciples
’ making up R.Yohanan b. Zacchai’s inner circle and (probably following the School of Hillel) more liberal than though perhaps not as luminous as R. Eliezer. For instance, he was much more liberal on the subject of proselytes and conversion generally than R. Eliezer; cf. Gen.
R
. 70.5, Eccles.
R
. 1.8.4 (possibly having to do with Queen Helen of Adiabene), and
Tos. San.
13.2.

76. Though married to Rabban Gamaliel’s sister, ‘
Imma Shalom
’, their disputes were legendary and Eliezer was ultimately excommunicated by the latter (the Patriarch Gamaliel II); see b.
B.M.
59b and
Nid
. 7b–8a. Though he disputed with R. Joshua (a character very much like Jesus), the two were friends and both took R.Yohanan’s coffin out of Jerusalem and went back to get R. Zadok – see
Git
. 56a,
Yeb
. 48b,
Abbot
2.8, Lam.
R
. 1/5/31 and
ARN
14 (24a). After his death, R. Joshua annulled Rabban Gamaliel’s ban of excommunication on him; cf. b.
San.
68a,
Git
. 83a, j.
Shab
. 2.6 (5b), and
ARN
25.8f. Not only was he probably the most interesting of the Rabbis, but the most colorful. R.Yohanan was his teacher and R. Akiba was his st
u
dent.

77. See, for instance,
War
2.406–16.

78. On the Akeldama, see L. and K. Ritmeyer, ‘Akeldama – Potter’s Field or High Priest’s Tombs?’ and G. Avni and Z. Greenhut, ‘Akeldama – Resting Place of the Rich and Famous’,
BAR
, 20/6, November/December 1994, pp. 36–46 and, by the same authors, ‘The Akeldama Tombs: Three Burial Caves in the Kidron Valley, Jerusalem,
IAA Report
, no. 1, 1996, Jerus
a
lem, pp. 57–72.

79. See
JBJ,
pp. 165–208.

80. Cf. the promises made to ‘
those who love Him
’ in CD VII. 3–6/XIX. 1–4 and XX.17–22.

81. See James 1:26 and 3:5–11; for ‘the Liar’ and ‘Tongue’ imagery in the Scrolls, see CD I.14–6, IV.19–20, V.11–5, VIII.13, etc.; 1QpHab V.11, X.9–13; 1QS IV.9–11, etc.

82. See 1QH II.32–4, III.25, V.13–23; CD VI.16–21 on ‘
the New Covenant
’, 1QpHab xx.5–10; 4QpPs37 II.10, III.10, etc.

83. In it we have the telltale allusions to ‘
the Many
’, ‘
the Poor
’, ‘
standing
’, ‘
saving
’, and the ‘
soul
’; cf. 4QpPs 37 II.8–9, III.10, IV.11, IV.20–1, etc.

84. Cf. Acts 1:26 and note the name of the purported defeated candidate in Acts 1:23,
‘Joseph called Barsabas who was surnamed Justus’
– ‘
Justus
’ a Latin characterization now transliterated into Greek and, of course, James’ cognomen in all early Church texts.

85. Cf. Jeremiah 35:7 with
War
2.150 and Hippolytus 9.21.

86. See Koran 2.219 and 5.90.

87. Jeremiah 35:5–8.

88. CD VI.20, VII.16, and XX. 12.

89. CD VII.16 and XX.12, the latter actually picking up the same promises in CD VII.4–9/XIX.1–2 preceding it.

90. See 1 Corinthians 11:24–9 and Luke 22:19–20 and
pars
.

91. For this body of traditional Roman legislation, see
JBJ
, pp. 184 and 922 and Dio Cassius 68.3–4 for its application in Nerva’s time.

92. Mark 5:25–34 and
pars
.