I Am Not a Slut: Slut-Shaming in the Age of the Internet (44 page)

160
     Taylor, “Sex on Campus.”

161
     Ibid.

162
     Freitas,
End of Sex
, 124. She cites as her sources for these statistics Melina M. Bersamin, Deborah A. Fisher, Samantha Walker, Douglas L. Hill, and Joel W. Grube, “Defining Virginity and Abstinence: Adolescents’ Interpretations of Sexual Behaviors,”
Journal of Adolescent Health
41, no. 2 (August 2007): 182–88; Jeremy Uecker, Nicole Angotti, and Mark Regnerus, “Going Most of the Way: ‘Technical Virginity’ Among American Adolescents,”
Social Science Research
37, no. 4 (December 2008): 1200–1215; Laura Duberstein Lindberg, Rachel Jones, and John Santelli, “Noncoital Activities Among Adolescents,”
Journal of Adolescent Health
43, no. 3 (September 2008): 231–38.

163
     Milla Impola, “Hey Baby What’s Your Number?,”
The Daily Texan
, April, 16, 2013, www.dailytexanonline.com/life-and-arts/2013/04/16/hey-baby-whats-your-number.

164
     Stephanie A. Sanders and June Machover Reinisch, “Would You Say You ‘Had Sex’ If . . . ?,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
281, no. 3 (January 20, 1999): 275–277.

165
     Steve Landsburg, “Rush to Judgment,”
The Big Questions
(blog), March 2, 2012, www.thebigquestions.com/2012/03/02/rush-to-judgment/.

166
     “Joel Seligman Statement on Steve Landsburg’s Blogs About Rush Limbaugh,” Rochester.edu, March 6, 2012, www.rochester.edu/president/memos/2012/landsburg.html.

167
     Cecile Richards, “Huckabee’s ‘Libido’ Comment Chilling for Women,” CNN.com, January 24, 2014, www.cnn.com/2014/01/24/opinion/richards-huckabee-comment/.

168
     Guttmacher Institute,
Fact Sheet: Unintended Pregnancy in the United States
, December 2013, www.guttmacher.org/pubs/FB-Unintended-Pregnancy-US.html.

169
     Guttmacher Institute,
State Policies in Brief: An Overview of Abortion Laws
, July 1, 2014, www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/spibs/spib_OAL.pdf.

170
     Guttmacher Institute,
An Overview of Abortion in the United States: Slide and Lecture Presentation
, February 2014, www.guttmacher.org/presentations/ab_slides.html.

171
     Guttmacher Institute,
Fact Sheet: Induced Abortion in the United States
, July 2014, www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_induced_abortion.html.

172
     Sarah Smith, “I Didn’t Even Know I Was Pregnant!,”
Parenting
, March 2006, www.parenting.com/article/didnt-know-i-was-pregnant.

173
     Andrea Grimes, “I Was a ‘Prolife’ Republican . . . Until I Fell in Love,”
RH Reality Check
(blog), February 8, 2011, http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2011/02/08/i-prolife-republicanuntilfell-love/.

174
     Guttmacher Institute,
Fact Sheet: Induced Abortion
.

175
     Ibid.

176
     Andrew Meacham, “Sexting-Related Bullying Cited in Hillsborough Teen’s Suicide,”
Tampa Bay Times
, November 27, 2009, www.tampabay.com/news/humaninterest/sexting-related-bullying-cited-in-hillsborough-teens-suicide/1054895. All details of Witsell’s suicide are from this comprehensive exposé.

177
     Erik Eckholm and Katie Zezima, “Documents Detail a Girl’s Final Days of Bullying,”
New York Times
, April 8, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/us/09bully.html.

178
     Erik Eckholm and Katie Zezima, “Questions for School On Bullying and a Suicide,”
New York Times
, April 1, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/02/us/02bully.html?pagewanted=all.

179
     Emily Bazelon,
Sticks and Stones: Defeating the Culture of Bullying and Rediscovering the Power of Character and Empathy
(New York: Random House, 2013), 171–185.

180
     M. L. Hatzenbuehler, “The Social Environment and Suicide Attempts in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth,”
Pediatrics
127, no. 5 (May 2011): 896–903.

181
     Bianca Bosker, “Jessica Logan Suicide: Parents of Dead Teen Sue School, Friends Over Sexting Harassment,”
Huffington Post
, March 18, 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/07/jessica-logan-suicide-par_n_382825.html.

182
     Bianca Bosker, “Alexis Pilkington Facebook Horror: Cyber Bullies Harass Teen Even After Suicide,”
Huffington Post
, March 24, 2010, www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/24/alexis-pilkington-faceboo_n_512482.html.

183
     “Rachel Ehmke, 13-Year-Old Minnesota Student, Commits Suicide After Months of Bullying,”
Huffington Post
, May 8, 2012 www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/08/rachel-ehmke-13-year-old-_n_1501143.html.

184
     Paul Elias, “Audrie Pott Suicide: New Girl Blamed in Teen Bullying Death,”
Huffington Post
, July 29, 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/28/audrie-pott-suicide_n_3666573.html.

185
     Vivian Yee, “On Staten Island, Relentless Bullying Is Blamed for a Teenage Girl’s Suicide,”
New York Times
, October 25, 2007, www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/nyregion/suicide-of-staten-island-girl-is-blamed-on-bullying.html.

186
     Elizabeth Plank, “In Defence of Amanda Todd,”
Huffington Post United Kingdom
, October 15, 2012, www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/elizabeth-plank/in-defense-of-amanda-todd_b_1966479.html.

187
     Katie J. M. Baker, “Yet Another Teenage Girl Killed Herself Thanks to Social Media Bullying,”
Jezebel
, December 12, 2012, http://jezebel.com/5967905/yet-another-teenage-girl-killed-herself-thanks-to-social-media-slut+shaming.

188
     Christine Pelisek, “Rehtaeh Parson’s Best Friend Speaks Out,”
Daily Beast
, April 27, 2013, www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/04/27/rehtaeh-parsons-s-best-friend-speaks-out.html.

189
     Ben Fractenberg, “Classmates of Gabrielle Molina, 12-Year-Old Girl Who Committed Suicide, Rally Against Bullying,”
Huffington Post
, May 29, 2013, www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/29/classmates-
of-gabrielle-molina-12-year-old-girl-who-committed-suicide-rally-against-bullying_n_3352286.html.

190
     Heather R. Hlavka, “Normalizing Sexual Violence: Young Women Account for Harassment and Abuse,”
Gender & Society
28, no. 3 (June 2014): 8.

191
     Ibid., 10.

192
     Ibid., 1.

193
     Ariel Levy, “Trial by Twitter,”
The New Yorker
, August 5, 2013, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/08/05/trial-by-twitter.

194
     Michele C. Black et al.,
The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 Summary Report
(Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, November 2011), www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_executive_summary-a.pdf, 1.

195
     Roni Caryn Rabin, “Nearly 1 in 5 Women in U.S. Survey Say They Have Been Sexually Assaulted,”
New York Times
, December 15, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/health/nearly-1-in-5-women-in-us-survey-report-sexual-assault.html.

196
     Black,
National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey
, 2.

197
     Ibid., 3.

198
     Flack et al, “The Red Zone,” 1184.

199
     William F. Flack Jr. et al., “Risk Factors and Consequences of Unwanted Sex among University Students: Hooking Up, Alcohol, and Stress Response,”
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
22, no. 2 (February 2007): 147.

200
     Ibid., 149.

201
     Ibid., 153.

202
     Ibid., 154.

203
     Lisa Wade and Caroline Heldman, “Hooking Up and Opting Out: Negotiating Sex in the First Year of College,” in
Sex for Life: From Virginity to Viagra, How Sexuality Changes Throughout Our Lives
, ed. Laura M. Carpenter and John DeLamater, (New York: NYU Press, 2012), 128–45. See pages 137–38.

204
     Kimberly A. Lonsway, “Trying to Move the Elephant in the Living Room: Responding to the Challenge of False Rape Reports,”
Violence Against Women
16, no. 12 (December 2010): 1367.

205
     James C. McKinley Jr., “Vicious Assault Shakes Texas Town,”
New York Times
, March 8, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/03/09/us/09assault.html.

206
     Paul Vercammen and Kyung Lah, “Prosecutors Weigh Appeal of 30-Day Rape Sentence in Montana,” CNN.com, August 30, 2013, www.cnn.com/2013/08/28/justice/montana-teacher-rape-sentence/index.html.

207
     Kathryn Abrams, “Sex Wars Redux: Agency and Coercion in Feminist Legal Theory,”
Columbia Law Review
95, no. 2 (March 1995): 306. Thank you to Shira Tarrant, PhD, for referring me to this legal note.

208
     David Lisak et al., “False Allegations of Sexual Assault: An Analysis of Ten Tears of Reported Cases,”
Violence Against Women
16, no. 12 (December 2010): 1318.

209
     Ibid., 1331.

210
     Joanne Belknap, “Rape: Too Hard to Report and Too Easy to Discredit Victims,”
Violence Against Women
16, no. 12 (December 2010): 1335.

211
     The White House Council on Women and Girls,
Rape and Sexual Assault: A Renewed Call to Action
, January 21, 2014, www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/sexual_assault_report_1-21-14.pdf.

212
     Claire Gordon, “Nonconsensual Sex: How Colleges Rebranded Rape,” America.AlJazeera.com, April 17, 2014, http://america.aljazeera.com/watch/shows/america-tonight/articles/2014/4/17/nonconsensual-sexwhenrapeisreworded.html.

213
     Jessica Bennett, “The Title IX Complaint Against Yale,”
Daily Beast
, April 2, 2011, www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/04/02/title-ix-complaint-against-yale-women-allege-a-culture-of-silence-on-campus.html.

214
     Stephanie Spangler,
Yale University Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct Brought Forward from January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013
(New Haven, CT: Yale University, July 31, 2013), http://provost.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/FINAL_Jul2013_Report_Sexual_Misconduct_Complaints_7-31-13.pdf.

215
     Margaret Hartmann, “Frat Email Explaining Women are ‘Targets,’ Not ‘Actual People’,”
Jezebel
, March 8, 2011, http://jezebel.com/5779905/usc-frat-guys-email-explains-women-are-targets-not-actual-people-like-us-men.

216
     Mary Elizabeth Williams, “College Students Cheer Sex Abuse,”
Salon
, September 5, 2013, www.salon.com/2013/09/05/college_students_cheer_sex_abuse/; The Canadian Press, “Saint Mary’s University Student Leader Sorry for Sexist Sexual Assault Chant,”
Maclean’s
, September 5, 2013, www2.macleans.ca/2013/09/05/saint-marys-university-student-leader-sorry-for-sexist-sexual-assault-chant/.

217
     Alex Barnett, open letter to Dartmouth President Phil Hanlon, September 29, 2013, www.dartmouthchange.org/alex-barnett/.

218
     Alyssa Keehan,
Student Sexual Assault: Weathering the Perfect Storm
(United Educators, December 2011), www.ue.org/Libraries/Corporate/Student_Sexual_Assault_Weathering_the_Perfect_Storm.sflb.ashx.

219
     Jessica Luther, “‘We Felt Like We Were Above the Law’: How the NCAA Endangers Women,”
The Atlantic
, September 26, 2013, www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/09/we-felt-like-we-were-above-the-law-how-the-ncaa-endangers-women/280004/.

220
     Liza Weisstuch, “Sexism in Rap Sparks Black Magazine to Say, ‘Enough!,’”
Christian Science Monitor
, January 12, 2005, www.csmonitor.com/2005/0112/p11s01-almp.html.

221
     Laya Anasu, “Tyga Retained as Yardfest Headliner with Start Time Delayed,”
Harvard Crimson
, April 9, 2012, www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/4/9/tyga-retained-yardfest-concert/.

222
     Tanzina Vega and James C. McKinley Jr., “Social Media, Pushing Reebok to Drop a Rapper,”
New York Times
, April 13, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/04/13/arts/music/reebok-drops-rick-ross-after-social-media-protest.html.