Gandhi & Churchill (110 page)

14. Ibid., 27.

15. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
43; Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
16.

16. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
40, 45–46.

17. Ibid., 40.

18.
Satapatha Brahmana,
quoted in Doniger, ed.,
Laws of Manu,
xxxiii.

19. Quoted in Shulman,
King and Clown,
29.

20. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
42.

21. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
20.

22. Green,
Gandhi,
107.

23. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
33–34.

24. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
61.

25. Cranston,
HPB,
59–60.

26. Blavatsky,
Isis Unveiled,
2:639.

27. Cranston,
HPB,
434.

28. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
66.

29. Ibid., 60.

30. Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
18.

31. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
1:41.

32. Ibid., 1:70.

33. Green,
Gandhi,
114–15.

34. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
75.

35. Ibid., 88.

36. Green,
Gandhi,
121.

37. Quoted in ibid., 120.

38. Arnold,
Gandhi,
45.

39. Swan,
Gandhi,
91–120, 21–22.

40. Quoted in Hunt,
Gandhi in London,
89.

41. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
93.

42. Ibid., 97.

43. Ibid., 99–100.

44. Ibid., 101.

45. See Fischer,
Life of Gandhi,
49.

46. The letter ran on September 23, 1893. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
1:60.

47. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
121.

48. Swan,
Gandhi,
42.

49. Ibid., 41.

50. Arnold,
Gandhi,
51.

51. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
151.

CHAPTER 5.
Awakening II

1. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
1:359–92.

2. Charmley,
End of Glory,
275.

3. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
89.

4. Ibid., 64.

5. Ibid., 74, 76.

6. Ibid., 102.

7. Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
239.

8. Churchill,
Roving Commision,
103, 104.

9. Ibid., 107–8.

10. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2, 701.

11. Milburn,
Polo,
15–16.

12. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
111.

13. Gibbon,
Decline and Fall,
1:31, 103, 83.

14. Macaulay,
Prose and Poetry,
326.

15. Ibid., 372, 393.

16. Reade,
Martyrdom,
497.

17. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
115; Moran,
Churchill in War,
208.

18. Churchill,
Savrola,
78.

19. Ibid.

20. Lukacs,
Duel,
39.

21. Gilbert,
Prophet of Truth,
413.

22. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2:751.

23. Quoted in Louis,
In the Name of God!,
174, 172.

24. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
121.

25. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2.

26. Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
250.

27. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
122–23.

28. Ibid., 123; Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
251.

29. Dispatch of September 21, 1897, in Churchill,
Young Winston’s
Wars,
29.

30. The original articles are in Churchill,
Young Winston’s Wars.
The version of
The Malakand Field Force
is from the combined volume of his war correspondent books,
Frontiers and Wars.

31. Churchill,
Malakand Field Force,
47.

32. Ibid., 55.

33. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
131.

34. Ibid., 137.

35. Ibid., 140.

36. Ibid., 141.

37. Ibid., 142.

38. Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
258.

39. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2:703.

40. Manchester,
Visions of Glory,
263.

41. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2:924.

42. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
163–64.

43. Morgan,
Young Man in a Hurry,
99–100.

44. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
194; 188.

45. Ibid.

46. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2:978.

47. Ibid., 1:2:979.

48. As noted in Churchill,
Roving Commission,
194.

49. Churchill,
River War,
in
Frontiers and Wars,
66.

50. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
133.

51. Churchill,
Malakand Field Force,
48.

52. The phrase comes from the essay on Warren Hastings in Macaulay,
Prose and Poetry,
379.

53. R. S. Churchill,
Complete Speeches,
1:262.

54. Gilbert,
Road to Victory,
666.

55. Ibid., 1166.

CHAPTER 6.
Men at War

1. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
164.

2. Ibid., 167.

3. Ibid., 165–66.

4. Ibid., 77.

5. Tendulkar,
Mahatma,
3:11.

6. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
171.

7. Ibid., 168–69.

8. Gandhi, “Nonviolence in Peace and War,” in
Selected Writings,
60.

9. In general, see Mosse,
Image of Man.
The quotations in the footnote are from Gandhi,
Autobiography,
188; Churchill,
London to
Ladysmith,
394.

10. Swan,
Gandhi,
65.

11. Interview with
Englishman,
November 13, 1896, in Gandhi,
Collected Works,
1: 458.

12. Swan,
Gandhi,
68.

13. Brown,
Prisoner of Hope,
37.

14. It receives its own chapter in Gandhi,
Autobiography,
243–45.

15. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
I; Gandhi,
Autobiography,
151–52.

16. Quoted in Ferguson,
Empire,
228.

17. Indeed, for the first time under Milner, Gandhi found some official support for the Natal Congress’s petitions on behalf of the Transvaal. Although Milner and Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain had to let the 1895 ghetto law stand, they forced the Transvaal authorities not to expel the Indians living there until 1899. Swan,
Gandhi,
87, 88–89.

18. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
188.

19. Ibid., 151.

20. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
2: 316–17.

21. Quoted in Morgan,
Young Man in a Hurry,
116.

22. Celia Sandys,
Dead or Alive,
21.

23. On the whiskey, see Churchill,
Roving Commission,
126–27. Scotch, as Winston pointed out, was not his father’s drink. Lord Randolph had belonged to an earlier “brandy and soda” generation. But Churchill concluded, “after adequate experiment and reflection,” that “whisky in a diluted form is the more serviceable of these twin genii.” Later Churchill’s alcohol consumption would be the subject of much speculation and gossip. He, however, always stoutly maintained that he had full control over his drinking, which usually started in midmorning with a thin whiskey and soda. In 1931 he even convinced an American physician, at the height of Prohibition, to prescribe a minimum of 250cc of alcohol per day as necessary for his health, “especially at mealtimes.” See Holmes,
Footsteps of Churchill,
16.

24. Atkins,
Incidents and Reflections,
quoted in Pearson,
Private Lives,
102.

25. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
I:2:1058.

26. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
2: 332.

27. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2:1058–99; Churchill,
Roving Commission,
242.

28. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
243–44.

29. Ibid., 246.

30. Ibid., 249.

31. Churchill,
London to Ladysmith,
in
Frontiers and Wars,
395.

32. Sandys,
Dead or Alive,
225; Churchill,
Roving Commission,
259, 261.

33. He also dismissed Winston’s promise that he would give the Boers a fair break in his published story if released, saying “he may be a chip off the old block.” This was a reference to the fact that Winston’s father had made a heavily publicized trip to South Africa before his death and told the press he found the Boers dirty, lazy, and barbarous. In 1900 the remarks still stung. Morgan,
Young Man in a Hurry,
49.

34. Ibid., 127.

35. Haldane’s own account,
A Soldier’s Saga,
is quoted in Morgan,
Young Man in a Hurry,
125. The doubts about Churchill’s more sanitized version of his escape grew larger in 1997, with the discovery of a 1931 letter from Haldane to his friend the fifth Viscount Knutsford saying that Churchill had “slipped off without me or the third man,” meaning Sergeant Brockie. However, Sandys, in
Dead or Alive,
113–15, points out that after the war Haldane and Churchill remained cordial friends with no sign of bitterness over the incident, and that Haldane even inscribed a copy of
A Soldier’s Saga,
published in 1948, to Winston, saying, “With profound admiration from an old ally.” What seems likely is that Winston acted selfishly but not thoughtlessly and convinced himself that he was not abandoning comrades but seizing his only opportunity for escape. If the roles had been reversed, Haldane and Brockie would likely have done the same thing.

36. Churchill,
Roving Commission,
272.

37. Morgan,
Young Man in a Hurry,
127–28.

38. Farwell,
Great Anglo-Boer War,
138.

39. Sandys,
Dead or Alive,
137–38.

40. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1: 2:1153.

41. Dispatch of January 23, in Churchill,
Young Winston’s Wars,
215.

42. Quoted in Payne,
Gandhi,
119.

43. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
188.

44. Ibid., 188–89.

45. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
3:222–23.

46. Quoted in Payne,
Gandhi,
123.

47. Churchill,
Young Winston’s Wars,
215–16. This was in June 1945, in a conversation with then Viceroy Wavell. See Wavell,
Viceroy’s Journal,
146.

48. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
2:354.

49. Ibid., 2:355.

50. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
189.

51. Sandys,
Dead or Alive,
427.

52. R. S. Churchill,
Companion,
1:2:1149–50, 1151.

53. Ibid., 1:2:1203.

CHAPTER 7.
Converging Paths

1. Swan,
Gandhi,
90.

2. Gandhi,
Autobiography,
223.

3. Ibid., 224.

4. Green,
Gandhi,
148.

5. Ibid., 153–54.

6. Gandhi,
Collected Works,
3:379.

7. Swan,
Gandhi,
112.

8. Quoted in Green,
Gandhi,
148.