Can't Stop Won't Stop (78 page)

Brand Nubian.
One for All
. LP. Elektra, 1990.

Chuck Brown.
Your Game . . . Live at the 9:30 Club
. CD. Liaison/Raw Venture, 2001.

Dr. Dre.
The Chronic
. CD. Death Row, 1992.

Dr. Funkenstein and DJ Cash Money. “Scratchin to the Funk.” 12-inch single. Sound Makers, 1985.

EPMD.
Business Never Personal
. LP. Def Jam, 1992.

KMD.
Mr. Hood
. LP. Elektra, 1991.

Leaders of the New School.
Future Without A Past
. LP. Elektra, 1991.

NWA.
Efil4zaggin
. LP. Ruthless/Priority, 1991.

Organized Konfusion.
Organized Konfusion
. LP. Hollywood/BASIC, 1991.

Pete Rock and CL Smooth.
Mecca and the Soul Brother
. 2-LP. Elektra, 1992.

Rare Essence.
Doin It Old School Style Live At Club
U. CD+CD-ROM. Rare One, 2001.

Snoop Doggy Dogg.
Doggystyle
. CD. Death Row, 1993.

Tommy Boy Greatest Beats
,
Volumes 1–4.
LP. Tommy Boy, 1998. This is a label retrospective that covers largely the hip-hop era, post-electro.

Trouble Funk.
Live
. CD. Infinite Zero, 1996. Originally released as
Straight Up Funk Go-Go Style
. 2-LP. Jamtu, 1981.

19. New World Order: Globalization, Containment and Counterculture at the End of the Century.

Word

Bagdikian, Ben.
The Media Monopoly
. Boston: Beacon Press, 1997.

“Belmont in
The L.A. Weekly
.” In
Los Angeles Weekly
. May 4–10, 2001.
http://www.laweekly.com/ink/01/24/belmont-archive.php
.

Blackman, Toni.
Inner-course: A Plea for Real Love
. New York: Villard, 2003.

Cooper, M. William.
Behold a Pale Horse
. Flagstaff, Ariz.: Light Technology Publishing, 1991.

Future 500: Youth Organizing and Activism in the United States
. Jee Kim, Mathilda de Rios, Pablo Caraballo, Manuela Arciniegas, Ibrahim Abdul-Martin, Kofi Taha, compilers. New Orleans: Subway and Elevated, 2002.

Higher Education Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles. “The American Freshman: 2001.”
http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/norms_pr_01.html

Kelley, Norman, ed.
R&B: Rhythm and Business.
Brooklyn: Akashic Books, 2002.

Kitwana, Bakari.
The Hip Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African-American Culture
. New York: Basic Civitas, 2002.

Mayo, Kierna. “Caught Up in the Gangsta Rapture.” In
The Source
. June 1994.

McArdle, Andrea and Tanya Erzen, eds.
Zero Tolerance: Quality of Life and the New Police Brutality in New York City
. New York: New York University Press, 2001.

McChesney, Robert, and John Nichols.
Our Media, Not Theirs: The Democratic Struggle Against Corporate Media
. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002.

Morgan, Joan.
When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost
. New York: Touchstone, 1999.

Nelson, Jill, ed.
Police Brutality.
New York: Norton, 2000.

October 22nd Coalition to Stop Police Brutality, Anthony Baez Foundation and the National Lawyers Guild.
Stolen Lives: Killed by Law Enforcement
, second edition. New York: October 22nd Coalition, 1999.
http://stolenlives.org
/

“Shaping Our Responses to Violent and Demeaning Imagery in Popular Music.” Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate. February 23, 1994.

Verán, Cristina. “Soul by the Pound.” In
One World
. December/January 2003.

Wimsatt, William Upski.
No More Prisons
. New York: Subway and Elevated/Soft Skull Press, 1999.

Image

Books Not Bars
. Mark Landesman, director. 2002.
http://www.witness.org

Frontline: LAPD Blues
. Michael Kirk, producer and director. Aired May 15, 2001.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/bare.html

Jails, Hospitals, and Hip-Hop
. Mark Benjamin & Danny Hoch, directors. 2001.

Nobody Knows My Name
. Rachel Raimist, director. 1999.

Straight Outta Hunters Point
. Kevin Epps, director. 2001.

Sound

Africa Raps
. CD. Trikont, 2002.

Alicia Keys.
Songs in A Minor
. CD. J, 2001.

Angie Stone.
Black Diamond
. CD. Arista, 1999.

Blackalicious.
Nia
. Quannum, 2000.

Black Star.
Mos Def and Talib Kweli Are Black Star
. CD. Rawkus, 1998.

The Coup.
Party Music
. CD. 75 Ark/Tommy Boy, 2001.

D'Angelo.
Voodoo
. CD. EMI, 2000.

Dead Prez.
Let's Get Free
. CD. Loud, 2000.

Erykah Badu.
Baduizm
. CD. Kedar/Motown, 1997.

Goodie Mob.
Soul Food
. 2-LP. LaFace, 1995.

Hip-Hop For Respect.
Hip-Hop For Respect
. EP. CD. Rawkus, 2000.

India Arie.
Acoustic Soul
. CD. Motown, 2001.

Jill Scott.
Who Is Jill Scott?: Words and Sounds, Volume 1
. CD. Hidden Beach, 2000.

Latyrx.
Latyrx
. CD. Quannum, 2003. Originally released 1997.

Lauryn Hill.
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill
. CD. Ruffhouse, 1998.

Mary J. Blige.
Share My World
. CD. MCA, 1997.

Meshell Ndegeocello.
Bitter
. CD. Maverick, 1999.

Missy Elliott.
Supa Dupa Fly
. CD. East West, 1997.

Mr. Lif.
I Phantom
. CD. Definitive Jux, 2002.

Outkast.
Aquemini
. CD. LaFace, 1998.

No More Prisons
. CD. Raptivism, 1999.

The Roots.
Things Fall Apart
. CD. MCA, 1999.

Shame the Devil
. CD. Freedom Fighter Music, 2002.

SoleSides' Greatest Bumps
. 2-CD. Quannum, 2001.

Talib Kweli.
Quality
. CD. Rawkus, 2002.

For more articles and research resources, visit the Can't Stop Won't Stop Web site at
http//www.cantstopwontstop.com
.

 

 

Author's note: Quotations not cited in the text are from personal interviews.

LOOP 1. Babylon Is Burning: 1968–1977.

1. Necropolis: The Bronx and the Politics of Abandonment.

  
1.
Reggie Jackson with Mike Lupica,
Reggie: The Autobiography
(New York: Villard, 1984), 170–171. Ed Linn,
The Great Rivalry: The Yankees and the Red Sox, 1901–1990
(New York: Tickner and Fields, 1991), 287. Roger Kahn,
October Men
(Orlando: Harcourt, Inc., 2003), 158–159.

  
2.
Maury Allen,
Damn Yankee: The Billy Martin Story
(New York: Times Books, 1980), 200.

  
3.
Jackie Robinson and Malcolm X in “An Exchange of Letters,”
The Jackie Robinson Reader,
ed. Jules Tygiel (New York: Dutton, 1997), 236–247.

  
4.
Arnold Rampersad,
Jackie Robinson: A Biography
(New York: Knopf, 1997), 391–392.

  
5.
Phil Pepe,
Talkin' Baseball: An Oral History of Baseball in the 1970s
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1998), 290.

  
6.
Robert Caro,
The Power Broker
(New York: Knopf, 1974), 860.

  
7.
Ibid., 840–841.

  
8.
Camilo José Vergara,
The New American Ghetto
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1995), 49.

  
9.
Richard Plunz,
A History of Housing in New York City: Dwelling Type and Social Change in the American Metropolis
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), 257, 267–273.

10.
Marshall Berman,
All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982), 291.

11.
Paul Cowan, “On a Very Tense Frontier: Street-Fighting in the Bronx,”
Village Voice
(June 22, 1972), 1, 16, 18, 20, 22.

12.
Policeman Anthony Bouza, “The Fire Next Door,”
CBS Reports,
broadcast March 22, 1977.

13.
Jill Jonnes, “
We're Still Here
”
: The Rise, Fall and Resurrection of the South Bronx
(New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1986), 125–126.

14.
Amalia Batanzos, Youth Services Agency Commissioner, said, “In the South Bronx, the young male Puerto Rican unemployment rate is 80 percent. He sees that there's no way out and if there's no way out, it really does not matter if you're violent.” “New York
Illustrated: The Savage Skulls with Piri Thomas,” produced and directed by Abigail Child, WNBC Community Affairs Program (New York), aired November 18, 1973.

15.
Joseph B. Treaster, “20% Rise in Fires Is Adding to Decline of South Bronx,”
New York Times
(May 18, 1975), 1, 50.

16.
CBS Reports,
“The Fire Next Door.”

17.
Joe Conason and Jack Newfield, “The Men Who Are Burning New York,”
Village Voice
(June 2, 1980), 1, 15–19. Jack Newfield, “A Budget for Bankers and Arsonists,”
Village Voice
(June 2, 1980), 13.

18.
H. Rainie, “U.S. Housing Program in South Bronx Called a Waste by Moynihan,” New York
Daily News
(December 20, 1978), 3.

19.
Geoffrey Hodgson,
The Gentleman from New York: Daniel Patrick Moynihan
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 157–158.

20.
Deborah and Rodrick Wallace,
A Plague on Your Houses
(New York: Verso Books, 1998), 22–77.

21.
Lessie Sanders, quoted in
Devastation/Resurrection: The South Bronx
(New York: Bronx Museum of the Arts, 1980), 64. Robert Jensen, project curator.

22.
Ivor L. Miller,
Aerosol Kingdom: Subway Painters of New York City
(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2002), 187–188.

23.
Martin Tolchin, “South Bronx: A Jungle Stalked by Fear, Seized by Rage,”
New York Times
(January 15, 1973), sec. A1, 19.

24.
Ibid.

25.
Robert Jensen, “Introduction” in
Devastation/Resurrection: The South Bronx
(New York: Bronx Museum of the Arts, 1980), 13.

26.
The South Bronx: A Plan for Revitalization
(December 1977), 8. Report prepared by the Office of the Mayor, Office of the Bronx Borough President, Department of City Planning, Office of Economic Development, Office of Management and Budget, Department of Housing Preservation and Development .

27.
“The Ups and Downs of the South Bronx,”
National Journal
(October 6, 1979), 1648.

28.
Martin Tolchin, “Future Looks Bleak for South Bronx,”
New York Times
(January 18, 1973), sec. A1, A50.

29.
Robert Fitch,
The Assassination of New York
(London: Verso, 1993), vii–viii. Wallace and Wallace,
A Plague on Your Houses
, 24–26. A decade later, Starr would apply the same logic to welfare and lead the neoconservative push toward “welfare reform” into the 90s.

30.
Gerald Eskenazi, “Delirious Fans Run Wild As Some Violence Erupts,” and “Police: ‘We Won Battle, But Lost War,' ”
New York Times
(October 19, 1977), B6, B19–B20.

31.
Murray Cass, “Jackson, the Player of the Series, Is Controversial and Charismatic,”
New York Times
(October 19, 1977), sec. A1, B6.

32.
Dave Anderson, “The Two Seasons of Reggie Jackson,”
New York Times
(October 20, 1977), 19.

2. Sipple Out Deh: Jamaica's Roots Generation and The Cultural Turn.

  
1.
Verena Reckord, “From Burru Drums to Reggae Ridims,”
Chanting Down Babylon
, ed. Nathaniel Samuel Murrell, William David Spencer and Adrian Anthony McFarlane (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998), 245.

  
2.
Laurie Gunst,
Born Fi Dead
(New York: Henry Holt, 1995), 84. Darrell Levi notes that the political violence lasted into 1967 and that for a time a state of emergency was imposed. He also cites a 1980
Jamaica Gleaner
article by PNP Secretary D. K. Duncan that portrays Seaga as violent, saying, “It will be blood for blood, fire for fire, thunder for thunder.” Darrell Levi,
Michael Manley: The Making of a Leader
(Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1989), 117–118, 221, 319n.

  
3.
Leonard Barrett Sr.,
The Rastafarians
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1988), 156.

  
4.
Laurie Gunst,
Born Fi Dead
, 79–80.

  
5.
Classic Albums: Catch a Fire Documentary,
directed by Jeremy Marre (Rhino Video videotape, 2000).

  
6.
Norman Stolzoff,
Wake the Town and Tell the People
(Durham: Duke University Press, 2000), 41–43.

  
7.
David Katz,
People Funny Boy: The Genius of Lee “Scratch
”
Perry
(London: Payback Press, 2000), 11–24.

  
8.
The best discussion of the development of the Jamaican sound system is to be found in Norman Stolzoff,
Wake the Town and Tell the People.

  
9.
This section relies on interviews with Steve Barrow. Steve Barrow and Peter Dalton,
Reggae: The Rough Guide
(London & New York: Rough Guides/Penguin, 1997).

10.
Lloyd Bradley,
This Is Reggae Music: The Story of Jamaica's Music
(New York: Grove Press, 2000), 270.