Read Army of Evil: A History of the SS Online
Authors: Adrian Weale
Bukovina, 310
Bürckel, Josef, 97
Burmeister, Walter, 326–27
business and construction ventures of SS, 114–16, 375
Byelorussia, 124, 194, 304, 310, 323
Canaris, Wilhelm, 77, 107, 112, 141, 399, 400
Catel, Werner, 177–78
Catholicism, 14, 38, 42, 67, 144, 185–86, 388
Celliers, William, 279
Central Office for Ethnic Germans, 237–38
Centrum Party, 83
Cephalonia, 195
chemical weapon testing on humans, 128–29
chivalry/chivalric orders, 4, 66, 124, 126, 127, 207, 413
Churchill, Winston, 242, 275
civil service, German, 10, 13, 113, 151, 224
Claye, Douglas Berneville Webster, 284–86, 287
Combat League (
Kampfbund
), 17, 18, 40
Communism, Soviet, 301, 306, 313, 314
concentration camps, 95, 97–109, 114
anti-opposition terror (1933) and, 82
camp guard force (Death’s Head units)
see
Death’s Head units (camp guard force)
deaths of prisoners, 98, 100–2, 106, 107, 108, 127, 129
Theodor Eicke and, 95, 97–99, 104–5, 106
euthanasia programme and (Operation 14 f 13), 187, 352
Himmler and, 84, 95, 97–98, 100, 114
Inspectorate of, 105, 111, 114, 115, 187, 247, 370
Jewish prisoners at, 100–2, 104–5, 107, 109, 129, 187, 274, 372
last months of war and, 395–96
medical experiments at, 100–4, 128–29, 382
mottos of, 106, 107
numbers detained, 107, 108, 127
prisoners’ possessions and, 116
slave labour and, 100, 106, 108, 115, 116, 277
SS construction and business ventures and, 114, 375
see also
extermination/death camps
Condor Legion, 145, 273
Conen, James, 279
Constituent Assembly, 7, 9
Conti, Leonardo, 181–82
Cooper, Thomas, 260–61, 264, 277, 280, 281, 286, 287
Courlander, Roy, 277, 281
Cracow ghetto, 243, 244
criminals as Waffen-SS recruits, 269–70, 272, 274, 304, 323–24
Croatia, 302, 303, 332, 335
Csestochowa, 243
Cuno, Wilhelm, 17
Cuxhaven, 29
Czechoslovakia, 8, 137, 138, 241, 263n, 327, 334, 354, 390
assassination of Heydrich (May 1942), 148–49
German occupation of, 123, 148–49, 221
Czerniakow, Adam, 228
Dachau concentration camp, 84, 91, 97–105, 106, 107, 157, 370, 371, 395n
D’Alquen, Gunter, 293
Daluege, Kurt, 55, 57, 59, 60–61, 73, 86, 132–33, 134, 149, 412
Order Police and, 133, 149, 225
Damzog, Ernst, 225
Dannecker, Theodor, 158, 385, 386, 389
Dansey, Claude, 147
Danzig Home Guard, 221, 226, 258
Darré, Richard Walther, 61–62, 64, 65, 110, 111, 119–20, 122–23, 128
Dawes Plan (1924), 25, 51
De Laney, Perry Regester, 292–93
Death’s Head units (camp guard force), 116, 180, 200, 201, 270
Danzig Home Guard, 221, 226, 258
Death’s Head Division, 195, 247, 249–51 254, 264, 270, 299, 322, 372, 384
divisions/regiments/battalions, 218, 221, 226, 258, 299, 372
Hitler decree of 17 August 1938 and, 219, 220, 246, 247
recruitment criteria, 202–3
Demelhuber, Karl Maria, 210
Democratic Republic of Germany, 196
Denmark, 265, 267, 301, 387–88
Diels, Dr. Rudolf, 84–85
Dietrich, Josef “Sepp,” 46–48, 92, 198, 205, 212–13, 249, 253
Dirlewanger, Oskar, 270–74, 323
Dittel, Paul, 143–44
Dollfuss, Engelbert, 257, 351
Dönitz, Karl, 407, 408
Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp, 396
Dresden air strike (February 1945), 282
Drexler, Anton, 12
Drönnewitz isolation camp, 282
Dszikow concentration camp, 274
Dubois, Werner, 361
Dulles, Allen, 405
“dum-dum” ammunition, 250
Düsterberg, Theodor, 69, 88
Eberhardt, Major General, 314
Eberl, Dr. Irmfried, 181, 191, 355
Eberstein, Friedrich Karl Freiherr von, 78–79
Ebert, Friedrich, 7
economy, German
Dawes Plan (1924), 25, 51
depression (from 1929), 52–53, 56, 68
ghettoes as cheap labour pool, 244
hyperinflation, 14, 17, 25, 40, 51, 52
Office of the Four-Year Plan, 238, 328, 336, 337
reparations and, 17, 25, 51
WW2 labour shortages, 237, 238, 240
Young Plan (June 1929), 51
see also
slave labour
Eichmann, Adolf, 156–63, 257, 412
Central Office for Jewish Emigration (Vienna), 163, 167, 235
Holocaust and, 144, 192n, 375–76, 384–85, 390–91
Jewish deportation and, 235–36, 237, 239, 241, 384–85, 390–91, 392
“Jewish Question” and, 135, 144, 156, 158, 160–61, 236, 328, 330, 336–37, 363–64
special task group in Hungary and, 390–91, 393
Wannsee Conference and, 328, 330–31, 337
Eicke, Theodor, 91, 95–99, 104–5, 106, 247, 251, 370, 371
killing of Röhm and, 93, 105
Eimann, Kurt, 226–27
Eisenhower, General, 405, 406
Eisner, Kurt, 6, 10
elections
National Assembly (1919), 9
presidential (1932), 68–69
Reichstag
1924 (December), 23, 42
1924 (May), 22–23, 41
1928 (May), 45, 51
1930 (September), 51, 53–54, 56, 59, 68, 88
1932 (July), 69
1932 (November), 70, 71, 82
1933 (March), 80–81, 82–83
electoral system, Weimar Republic, 9–10
Enabling Act (March 1933), 80, 83, 198
Epp, Franz Ritter von, 83
Eppstein, Dr. Paul, 160
Esser, Hermann, 23
eugenics
see
racial policy and eugenics
euthanasia programme, 169, 173–74, 176–82
child victims of, 177–79, 186, 190
concentration camps and (Operation 14 f 13), 187, 352
Hitler and, 4, 175–77, 186, 188, 191–92
impact of First World War and, 172–73, 174
killing centres, 180, 181, 182, 184, 186, 189, 190–91, 340–41, 352, 355
personnel at extermination camps, 191, 340–41, 343–44, 352–53, 354
as precursor of Holocaust, 169, 184, 191–92, 341
SS and, 4, 169, 179–82, 187, 188, 191
“T-4” programme, 178–88, 191, 320, 333, 341, 343, 352, 355
use of poison gas, 180, 181, 182–83, 187, 191, 320–21, 326–27, 341
extermination/death camps
crematoria at, 340, 381, 394, 395
disposal of bodies and, 327, 340, 342, 349–50, 353, 356, 377, 378, 381
Adolf Eichmann and, 384–85
estimated murder figures, 363, 396–97
euthanasia programme personnel at, 191, 340–41, 343, 352–53, 355
first camp (Kulmhof), 325–27, 363
medical experiments at, 382, 383
Operation Reinhard, 4, 321, 325, 327, 338, 340–50, 341n, 353–65, 384
prisoners’ acts of resistance, 357–58, 359, 360–62
prisoners’ gold dental work, 349, 364, 380
prisoners’ hair, 116, 342, 344, 347, 364, 380
prisoners’ possessions and, 343, 346, 347, 350, 354, 355, 364, 381, 395
slave labour forces at, 236, 327, 340, 356, 365, 371, 373–74, 381–82, 383–84
SS attempts to conceal evidence, 363, 378, 394, 395
SS personnel at, 4, 191, 325–27, 340–41, 343–44, 345–49, 353, 355–57, 359–62, 364
Ukrainian guards at, 4, 343, 344, 347, 349, 353, 354, 356, 357, 359, 361, 365
Fahey, Brian, 252
Falkenhorst, General von, 299
Faltlhauser, Dr. Valentin, 189–91
“Farm Policy Apparatus,” 119–20
Federal Republic of Germany, 196
Fegelein, Hermann, 322–23, 324, 406–7
Feiks, SS-Sergeant, 343
First World War, 2, 5–7, 36–37, 47, 174–75, 185, 270–71
brutalisation of society by, 172–73
German defeat, 5, 6–7, 10, 13, 14
Versailles Treaty (1919), 14, 21, 88
Fischer, Dr. Herbert, 225
Flanders, 266, 301, 304
Flossenbürg concentration camp, 107, 115
Foch, Marshal, 5–6
folkish (
völkisch)
groups, 23, 24, 40, 41, 43
Foreign Ministry, German, 52, 143, 152, 276, 288, 289, 301, 385, 388, 399
Jewish Affairs Desk, 240–41
Wannsee Conference and, 328–29, 335, 337
Forster, Albert, 229, 238
Fortune, Victor, 278
France, 241, 248–53, 289, 297, 303, 304, 332, 335
deportation of Jews from, 354, 385–86
occupation of Ruhr area (1923), 17, 25, 53, 369
Vichy France, 292, 385–86
Waffen-SS troops from, 262, 263, 301
Franconia, 155
Frank, Hans, 230, 231, 239, 240
Freeman, Railton, 210, 287, 293
Freeman, Thomas, 281
Freemasonry, 44, 62, 67, 108, 125, 131, 143, 156, 158
Freikorps (Free Corps), 8–9, 24, 27, 29, 31, 37–38, 76, 87, 271, 369
attacks on Munich (1919), 11, 37–38
government disbandment of (1921), 14, 15
SA and, 49, 55
Freisler, Dr. Roland, 328
Frick, Wilhelm, 82, 84, 85, 133
Friedlander, Henry, 187
Fritsch, Field Marshal von, 197, 216, 217–18
Schmidt affair and, 216–17, 218
Fritzsch, Karl, 376
Frontbann
, 23, 25, 29, 55
Frontier Protection Service, 88, 89
Führer Chancellery, 169, 176, 178, 185, 340
Gabcik, Josef, 148–49
Galen, Clemens August Graf von (Bishop Münster), 185–86
Galewski, Bernard, 359
Gandhi, Mohandas, 288
gas chambers
at Auschwitz, 4, 191, 325, 376–80, 394, 395
in death camps, 191, 325, 326–27, 340, 342, 343, 344, 346, 347–50, 354, 355
euthanasia programme and, 181, 183, 187, 191, 326–27
Gelwick, Robert, 256
Genshagen special camp, 276–78
German Army
1940 plans for post-WW2, 267–68
“Aryan Paragraph” extended to (February 1934), 152
combat command of SS-Special Purpose Troops, 200, 218–19, 220, 221–22
elite Storm Troop units, 47
final months of WW2 and, 404
First World War defeat, 5–7, 10, 12–13, 14
invasion of Yugoslavia and Greece (1941), 296–97
militarised units of SS and, 197, 198, 215, 216, 221–22, 223, 246, 254–55, 267
occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938, 1939), 221
Panzer divisions, 248, 249, 297
pledge of support for Ebert’s government (1918), 7
Polish campaign (1939), 195, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225–29, 232–34, 258
political indoctrination courses (1919), 12
recruitment system, 254–55, 264, 266–67
Replacement Army (home command), 400–1, 402, 403, 404
return home (1918), 7, 8, 12
SA and, 49, 55, 88–90
security divisions, 324
social class and, 2
Soviet campaign (from June 1941), 3, 267, 289, 298–302, 306–20, 321–24, 398
“stab in the back” concept and, 13, 53
Stahlhelm
(veterans’ group), 24, 29, 88, 206
universal conscription and, 216
Versailles Treaty restrictions on, 14, 88
war crimes of, 195, 196
western campaign, 240, 242, 248–54, 265
German Communist Party (KPD), 8–9,11, 69, 70, 71, 82, 83
German Earth and Stone Works, 114
German National People’s Party, 69, 83
German Radio Service, 259
German Socialist Party (SPD), 7, 9, 10, 11, 82
German Workers’ Party, 12–13
Germany (to January 1933)
Constituent Assembly, 7, 9
Ebert provisional government (1918–19), 7, 11
First World War defeat, 5, 6–7, 10, 13, 14
political turmoil after First World War, 5, 6, 7–9, 10
seat of government moved to Weimar (1919), 9
see also
Weimar Republic
Gerstein, Kurt, 344–50
Gestapo (
Geheime Staatspolizeiamt
) (Secret State Police Office)
Auschwitz and, 371
“Black Orchestra” and, 145
von Fritsch affair and, 216, 218
Goering and, 84–86
Heydrich and, 86, 90, 131–32, 159, 166, 167
Himmler appointed “Inspector” (April 1934), 86
National Socialist ideology and, 154–55
persecution of Jews and, 154–55, 159, 167, 235, 351–52
purge of SA (June/July 1934) and, 91–92
Red Orchestra espionage ring and, 144
resistance groups in Germany and, 145–47, 399–400, 402
role of, 85, 106, 141, 144, 154–55, 159
RSHA Office IV, 142–43
RSHA Office IV (Section IV B4), 144, 241, 364, 384, 385
SD and, 131–32, 140, 142, 159, 241n
Sipo—Security Police and, 134, 140, 141, 142, 154, 243, 315, 324, 326, 385
special task groups in Soviet Union and, 308
SSPFs and, 232
Gille, Herbert Otto, 213–14, 221
Ginzburg, Pino, 167
Gleiwitz radio station attack (1939), 138n, 139
Globocnik, Odilo, 4, 98n, 321, 338–40, 345, 352, 355, 362n, 365, 378, 389, 411
Glücks, Richard, 115, 412
Goebbels, Josef, 45n, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 72, 165–66
Goebbels, Magda, 165
Goerdeler, Kark, 399
Goering, Hermann, 18, 60, 70, 72, 73, 82, 216, 217, 218
auxiliary police units (est. 1933) and, 73, 80
Gestapo and, 84–86
Himmler and, 85–86, 87, 90, 123
“Jewish Question” and, 166, 241, 327, 328–29, 336
resettlement scheme and, 238, 239
Ernst Röhm and, 87, 89, 93
SA and, 16, 87, 89
Wannsee Conference and, 327, 328, 336
Goldhagen, Daniel, 242
Gottberg, Curt von, 120, 123–24
Graebe, Hermann, 318–19
Graf, Ulrich, 16, 26, 29
Graf, Willi, 146
Grafeneck Castle, 180, 183, 186n, 191
Grawitz, Ernst-Robert, 100
Greater German Racial Community (GVG—
Grossdeutsche Volksgemeinschaft
), 22, 23
Greece, 296, 297, 379, 389
Greiser, Arthur, 229, 244
Grevenburg Castle, 126
Groener, General, 7, 70
Gross-Rosen concentration camp, 108, 395n
Groth, Paul, 357
Grothmann, Werner, 408
Gruhn, Erna (Frau von Blomberg), 216, 217