An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States (37 page)

Eva Marie Garroutte,
Real Indians: Identity and the Survival of Native America
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003).

Juan Gómez-Quiñones,
Indigenous Quotient: Stalking Words; American Indian Heritage as Future
(San Antonio, TX: Aztlán Libre Press, 2012).

Sandy Grande,
Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004).

Lisbeth Haas,
Saints and Citizens: Indigenous Histories of Colonial Missions and Mexican California
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013).

William L. Iggiagruk Hensley,
Fifty Miles from Tomorrow: A Memoir of Alaska and the Real People
(New York: Picador, 2010).

Linda Hogan,
The Woman Who Watches Over the World: A Native Memoir
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2002).

Robert H. Jackson and Edward Castillo,
Indians, Franciscans, and Spanish Colonization: The Impact of the Mission System on California Indians
(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995).

V. G. Kiernan,
America, the New Imperialism: From White Settlement to World Hegemony
(London: Verso, 2005). First published 1978.

Winona LaDuke with Sean Cruz,
The Militarization of Indian Country,
2nd ed. (Minneapolis: Honor the Earth, 2012).

Brendan C. Lindsay,
Murder State: California's Native American Genocide, 1846–1873
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2012).

Wilma Mankiller and Michael Wallis,
Mankiller: A Chief and Her People
(New York: St. Martin's, 1993).

Devon Abbott Mihesuah and Angela Cavender Wilson, eds.,
Indigenizing the Academy: Transforming Scholarship and Empowering Communities
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004). Peter Nabokov,
Native American Testimony: A Chronicle of Indian-White
Relations from Prophecy to the Present, 1492–2000
, revised ed. (New York: Penguin, 1999).

Peter Nabokov,
Where the Lightning Strikes: The Lives of American Indian Sacred Places
(New York: Penguin, 2006).

Jean M. O'Brien,
Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians Out of Existence in New England
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010).

Sharon O'Brien,
American Indian Tribal Governments
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989).

Louis Owens,
Mixedblood Messages: Literature, Film, Family, Place
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998).

Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green,
North American Indians: A Very Short Introduction
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2010).

Jacki Thompson Rand,
Kiowa Humanity and the Invasion of the State
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008).

Bradley G. Shreve,
Red Power Rising: The National Indian Youth Council and the Origins of Native Activism
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2011).

Andrea Smith,
Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide
(Boston: South End Press, 2005).

Paul Chaat Smith,
Everything You Know about Indians Is Wrong
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009).

Paul Chaat Smith and Robert Allen Warrior,
Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee
(New York: New Press, 1996).

David E. Stannard,
American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

David Hurst Thomas,
Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity
(New York: Basic Books, 2000).

Russell Thornton,
American Indian Holocaust and Survival: A Population History Since 1492
(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990). Originally published 1987.

Veronica E. Velarde Tiller, ed.,
Tiller's Guide to Indian Country: Economic Profiles of American Indian Resources
(Albuquerque: BowArrow, 2006).

Haunani-Kay Trask,
From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawai‘i
(Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 1999).

Anton Treuer,
Everything You Wanted to Know About Indians But Were Afraid to Ask
(St. Paul: Borealis Books, 2012).

David Treuer,
Rez Life: An Indian's Journey through Reservation Life
(New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2012).

Gerald Vizenor,
Native Liberty: Natural Reason and Cultural Survivance
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009).

Gerald Vizenor and Jill Doerfler,
The White Earth Nation: Ratification of a Native Democratic Constitution
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2012).

Robert Warrior,
Tribal Secrets: Recovering American Indian Intellectual Traditions
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994).

Michael V. Wilcox,
The Pueblo Revolt and the Mythology of Conquest: An Indigenous Archaeology of Contact
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).

Waziyatatawin Angela Wilson and Michael Yellow Bird, eds.,
For Indigenous Eyes Only: A Decolonization Handbook
(Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 2005).

Laura Waterman Wittstock and Dick Bancroft,
We Are Still Here: A Photographic History of the American Indian Movement
(St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2013).

American Indian Culture and Research Journal

American Indian Quarterly Journal

Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society

Indian Country Today

Journal of Genocide Research

Native American and Indigenous Studies Journal

Red Ink

Settler Colonial Studies Journal

Wicazo Sa Review Journal

NOTES

Epigraph: Willie Johns, “A Seminole Perspective on Ponce de León and Florida History,”
Forum Magazine
(Florida Humanities Council), Fall 2012,
http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/04/08/seminole-perspective-ponce-de-leon-and-florida-history-148672
(accessed September 24, 2013).

1
.    The full refrain of Woody Guthrie's most popular song: “This land is your land / This land is my land / From California to the New York island / From the redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters / This land was made for you and me.”

2
.    Henry Crow Dog, testimony at the 1974 Sioux Treaty hearing, in Dunbar-Ortiz,
Great Sioux Nation
, 54.

3
.    Chang,
Color of the Land
, 7.

4
.    Wolfe, “Settler Colonialism,” 387.

5
.    See Watson,
Buying America from the Indians
, and Robertson,
Conquest by Law
. For a list and description of each papal bull, see
The Doctrine of Discovery
,
http://www.doctrineofdiscovery.org
(accessed November 5, 2013).

6
.    Williams,
American Indian in Western Legal Thought
, 59.

7
.    Stewart,
Names on the Land
, 169–73, 233, 302.

8
.    Sheehan, “Indian-White Relations in Early America,” 267–96.

9
.    Killsback, “Indigenous Perceptions of Time,” 131.

10
.  Turner,
Frontier in American History
, 127.

11
.  “Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Paris, 9 December 1948,” Audiovisual Library of International Law,
http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/cppcg/cppcg.html
(accessed December 6, 2012). See also Kunz, “United Nations Convention on Genocide.”

12
.  O'Brien,
Firsting and Lasting
.

13
.  April 17, 1873, quoted in Marszalek,
Sherman
, 379.

14
.  Wolfe, “Settler Colonialism,” 393.

15
.  18 U.S.C.§1151 (2001).

16
.  Echo-Hawk,
In the Courts of the Conqueror
, 77–78.

17
.  “Tribes,” US Department of the Interior website,
http://www.doi.gov/tribes/index.cfm
(accessed September 24, 2013); “Indian Reservation,”
New World Encyclopedia
,
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Indian_reservation
(accessed September 24, 2013). See also Frantz,
Indian Reservations in the United States
.

Epigraph: Mann,
1491
, 252.

1
.    Ibid., 264.

2
.    Dobyns,
Native American Historical Demography
, 1; Dobyns, “Estimating Aboriginal American Population,” and “Reply,” 440–44. See also Thornton,
American Indian Holocaust and Survival
.

3
.    Quoted in Vogel,
American Indian Medicine
, 253–55. Vogel's classic text deals with every aspect of Indigenous medicine from shamanistic practices and pharmaceuticals to hygiene, surgery, and dentistry, applied to specific diseases and ailments.

4
.    Fiedel,
Prehistory of the Americas
, 305.

5
.    DiPeso, “Casas Grandes and the Gran Chichimeca,” 50; Snow, “Prehistoric Southwestern Turquoise Industry,” 33. DiPeso calls the area in the north “Gran Chichimeca,” a term used by precolonial Mesoamericans and adopted by early Spanish explorers. Another term used in precolonial times in the south to describe the former homeland of the Aztecs is “Aztlán.”

6
.    DiPeso, “Casas Grandes and the Gran Chichimeca,” 52; Snow, “Prehistoric Southwestern Turquoise Industry,” 35, 38, 43–44, 47.

7
.    Cox,
The Red Land to the South
, 8–12.

8
.    For further reading on the precolonial Southwest, see Crown and Judge,
Chaco & Hohokam
.

9
.    Ortiz,
Roots of Resistance
, 18–30. See also Forbes,
Apache, Navaho, and Spaniard
; Carter,
Indian Alliances and the Spanish in the Southwest
.

10
.  Davidson, “Black Carib Habitats in Central America.”

11
.  Mann,
1491
, 254–57.

12
.  The material that follows is based on Denevan, “The Pristine Myth.”

13
.  For the influence of the Iroquois Confederacy on the architects of the US Constitution, see Johansen,
The Forgotten Founders
.

14
.  Lyons, a professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo, says that when the American colonists borrowed from the Haudenosaunee system in forming the US government, they neglected to include the spirit world, and thus began the problems that beset US government today.

15
.  See Miller,
Coacoochee's Bones
, 1–12.

16
.  Mann,
1491
, 332.

17
.  Thomas Morton, quoted in ibid., 250.

18
.  Ibid., 251–52.

19
.  See David Wade Chambers, “Native American Road Systems and Trails,” Udemy,
http://www.udemy.com/lectures/unit-4-native-american-road-systems-and-trails-76573
(accessed September 24, 2013). Graphics show locations of major roads.

20
.  Starr,
History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folk Lore
.

21
.  Conley,
Cherokee Nation
, cited in Cox,
The Red Land to the South
, 8.

Epigraph: Marx,
Capital
, 823;
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch31.htm
.

1
.    Spicer,
Cycles of Conquest
, 283–85.

2
.    Linebaugh,
The Magna Carta Manifesto
, 26–27.

3
.    Two outstanding historical works, which have not been surpassed, probe in depth these prior colonial practices and institutions. In reference to the Iberian Peninsula and the Moors, see Kamen,
Spanish Inquisition
. For England's colonization of Ireland and the thirteen American colonies, see Jennings,
Invasion of America
.

4
.    Kingston-Mann, “Return of Pierre Proudhon.”

5
.    Federici
, Caliban and the Witch
, 184.

6
.    Ibid., 171–72, 179–80.

7
.    Ibid., 237.

8
.    Roth,
Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain
, 229.

9
.    Sánchez-Albornoz,
España, un enigma histórico
, 677.

10
.  Stannard,
American Holocaust
, 246. For an opposing view, see Anderson,
Ethnic Cleansing and The Indian
.

11
.  Jennings,
Invasion of America
, 168.

12
.  See Curtis,
Apes and Angels
.

13
.  Calloway, review of
The Americas That Might Have Been
, 196.

14
.  Keen, “White Legend Revisited,” 353.

15
.  Denevan, “Pristine Myth,” 4–5.

16
.  Dobyns,
Their Number Become Thinned
, 2. See also Dobyns,
Native American Historical Demography
; and Dobyns, “Estimating Aboriginal American Population,” 295–416, and “Reply,” 440–44.

17
.  Borah, “America as Model,” 381.

18
.  Cook,
Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
.

19
.  Wilcox,
Pueblo Revolt and the Mythology of Conquest
, 11.