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Authors: H. H. Scullard

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C
HRONOLOGICAL
T
ABLE

This table is designed to emphasize some of the outstanding events in early Roman history. The Varronian dating (pp. 377ff.) has been followed. Prior to 390
BC
many of the dates are merely traditional and some of the facts (e.g. the foundation of colonies) are not above suspicion.

A. THE REGAL PERIOD

Growth of Rome

c.
800(?) bc
Roma Quadrata; settlement on Palatine.
c.
750-670
Septimontium; union of settlers of Palatine, Velia, Fagutal, Cispius, Oppius, and Caelius.
7th cent.
City of the Four Regions; addition of Quirinal, Viminal, and part of Forum.
7th cent. end
Last Forum burials.
6th cent.
‘Servian’ City, including Capitol and Esquiline.

Traditional Dates

753-715
Romulus.
715-673
Numa Pompilius. Established cult of Vesta, etc.
673-642
Tullus Hostilius. Destruction of Alba Longa.
642-616
Ancus Marcius. Extension of Rome’s power to coast.
616-579
L. Tarquinius Priscus. Forum drained.
579-534
Servius Tullius. ’Servian’ organization begun. Treaty with Latins. Temple of Diana on Aventine.
534-510
L. Tarquinius Superbus. Capitoline temple. Treaty with Gabii. Ager Romanus extended to
c.
350 sq. miles.
B. FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE REPUBLIC TO THE GALLIC SACK
509
Fall of monarchy;
institution of two annual magistrates.
    First treaty with Carthage.
    War with Porsenna (who captures Rome ?).
504
Migration of Claudii to Rome.
501
First dictator appointed.
496
    Battle of Lake Regillus fought by Rome against Latin League.
495
Cult of Liber, Libera and Ceres on Aventine.
    Latin colony at Signia.
494
First secession; plebeians assert their rights (or 471).
    Latin colony at Velitrae.
493
    
Treaty of Spurius Cassius with the Latins.
492
Corn imported from Cumae.
    Latin colony at Norba.
491
    Raid of Coriolanus.
486
Sp. Cassius proposes agrarian law.
    Treaty of Rome with Hernici.
    
Wars with Aequi and Volsci intermittently for fifty years.
484
    Latins recover Tusculum from Aequi and Volsci.
483-474
    War with Veii.
479
    Battle of the Cremera.
474
    Etruscans defeated off Cumae by Hiero.
471
Lex Publilia Voleronis.
Concilium Plebis and tribunes officially recognized.
462
Agitation of Terentilius Harsa.
459?
Tribunes raised to ten.
458?
    Minucius defeated by Aequi at Mt Algidus.
    Aequi defeated by Cincinnatus.
456
Lex Icilia de Aventino publicando.
451-450
The decemvirates.
Publication of the XII Tables.
449
Secession of the plebs.
Valerio-Horatian Laws.
Rights of tribunes legally defined.
447
Quaestors elected by the people. Comitia Tributa Populi perhaps instituted.
445
Lex Canuleia. Military tribunes with consular power replace consulship.
444
    Treaty with Ardea.
443
  Censorship established.
442
    Latin colony at Ardea?
439
Minucius deals with corn supply of Rome.
433
Temple of Apollo founded.
431
    
Decisive defeat of Aequi on the Algidus.
428-425
    Rome wins Fidenae from Veil.
421
Quaestorships raised to four: opened to plebs.
418
    Roman garrison (colony ?) at Labici.
409
Three quaestors plebeians.
406
    Anxur reduced.
404
    Velitrae receives garrison.
399
Lectisternium decreed.
396
Military pay introduced.
    
Fall of Veii.
Peace with Volsci.
393
    Latin colony at Circeii.
390?
    Latin colony at Sutrium.
390
    
Battle of Allia. Gauls sack Rome.
(387 acc. to Polybius.)
C. THE CONQUEST OF ITALY
388
    Aequi defeated at Bola.
387
    Creation of four rustic tribes on ager Veiens (making total of 25).
386-385
    Latins, Volsci and Hernici defeated.
385
    Latin colony at Satricum.
383?
    Latin colony at Nepete.
382
    Latin colony at Setia.
381
    Tusculum pacified.
378
‘Servian’ Wall begun.
377
    Latins defeated after their capture of Satricum.
Licinius and Sextius start their agitation.
367
Laws of Licinius and Sextius passed. Consulship restored.
Creation of curule aedileship.
366
First plebeian consul. Creation of praetorship.
Curule aedileship to alternate annually between patricians and plebs.
361
    Romans capture Ferentinum.
359
    Tarquinii revolts.
358
    Hernici readmitted to alliance.
Renewal of treaty with Latins.
Two
new tribes created on land from Antium (total 27).
357
Government tax on manumission. Rate of interest fixed.
    Falerii revolts. Gallic raid on Latium.
356
First plebeian dictator.
354
    
Alliance of Rome and Samnites.
353
    Caere defeated: 100 years’ truce: receives half-citizenship (or later).
352
Quinqueviri mensarii established.
351
First plebeian censor.
    Tarquinii and Falerii reduced: forty years’ truce.
348
    Renewal of Rome’s treaty with Carthage.
346
    Gallic raid checked (or 349). Defeat of Antium and Satricum.
343
    Falerii receives permanent alliance.
    Latin attack on Paeligni.
343-341
    
First Samnite War
(very doubtful).
342
Military mutiny and secession.
Leges Cenuciae.
340-338
    
Latin revolt.
339
Leges Publiliae.
338
    
Latin League dissolved.
Lanuvium, Aricia, Nomentum, Pedum and Tusculum receive full citizenship. Fundi, Formiae, Cumae, Capua, etc., receive half-citizenship. Roman colony at Antium and Ostia (?).
Land confiscated from Velitrae.
337
First plebeian praetor.
336
    Teanum granted alliance.
334
    Latin colony at Cales.
332
    Acerrae receives half-citizenship. Two new tribes created in Latium (total 29).
    Rome’s treaty with Tarentum (or 303).
332-331
    Rome makes thirty years’ truce with Senones.
c.
330
    Roman alliance with Fabrateria and Frusino.
329
    Privernum captured and receives half-citizenship.
    Roman colony at Tarracina (Anxur).
328
    Latin colony at Fregellae.
326
First use of prorogatio imperii. Lex Poetilia
concerning debt (313).
    
Roman alliance with Neapolis,
Nuceria and the Apulians.
    Rome captures Rufrium and Allifae.
326-304
    
Second Samnite War.
321
    Roman defeat
at Caudine Forks.
Peace. Rome surrenders Fregellae.
318
    Two tribes (Falernia and Oufentina) created in northern Campania (total 31).
    Alliance with Teanum (Apuli) and Canusium.
    Roman prefects sent to Capua and Cumae.
316
    Samnite War renewed.
315
    Luceria captured. Samnite victory at Lautulae. Revolt of Capua and Aurunci to Samnites.
314
    Roman victory atTarracina. Capua and Aurunci reduced. Latin colony at Luceria.
313 (or 312)
    Fregellae and Sora recaptured. Nola and Calatia made allies. Latin colonies at Suessa Aurunca, Pontia, Saticula, Interamna.
312
Censorship of Appius Claudius.
    Romans capture Peltuinum and Allifae. Via Appia started. Aqua Appia.
311
Duoviri
navales
appointed.
310
    Naval landing at Pompeii fails. Roman advance into Etruria.
Roman treaties with Cortona, Perusia, Arretium.
308
    Alliance with Tarquinii renewed for forty years.
    Alliance with Camerinum and Ocriculum.
307
    Revolt of the Hernici.
306
    Anagnia stormed; receives half-citizenship.
    ‘Philinus’ treaty with Carthage.
304
Repeal of reform of Appius Claudius.
Flavius publishes the ‘legis actiones’.
    Aequi defeated. Samnite War ended. Alliance with Marsi, Paeligni, Marrucini, Frentani.
303
    Latin colony at Alba Fucens (or 300) and Sora.
    Half-citizenship to Arpinum and Trebula.
Temple of Salus dedicated.
302
    Latin colony at Carsioli (or 298). Alliance with Vestini.
300
Lex Valeria de provocatione.
Lex Ogulnia,
opening priestly colleges to plebeians.
299
    Two new tribes, Aniensis and Terentina (total 33).
    Latin colony at Narnia (Nequinum). Alliance with Picentes.
    Gallic raid in Roman territory.
298-290
    
Third Samnite War.
298
    Rome captures Taurasia, Cisauna, Bovianum Vetus, and Aufidena.
296
    Samnite raid in ager Falernus. Roman colonies at Minturnae and Sinuessa.
295
    Roman victory over Samnites, Gauls and Umbrians at
Sentinum.
294
    Forty years’ treaty with Volsinii, Perusia, Arretium.
    Samnite victory near Luceria.
293(?)
Lex Maenia. Cult of Aesculapius imported.
    Roman victory over Samnites at Aquilonia.
292
    Falerii reduced; truce.
291
    Venusia stormed: Latin colony there.
290
    Peace with Samnites. Sabines granted half-citizenship.
    Latin colony at Hadria and Roman (?) colony at Castrum Novum Piceni.
289
Mint and triumviri monetales established.
287
Lex Hortensia.
284
    Senones defeat Metellus at Arretium. Revolt of Vulci, Volsinii, and some Samnites and Lucanians. Senones driven out of ager Gallicus. Roman colony at Sena.
283
    
Boii defeated at Lake Vadimo.
282
    Boii defeated near Populonia, Roman garrisons sent to Thurii, Rhegium and Locri.
Roman fleet attacked by Tarentines.
281
    Roman embassy at Tarentum.
280
    Alliance with Vulci, Volsinii, Rusellae, Vetulonia, Populonia, Volaterrae, and Tarquinii.
280-275
War with Pyrrhus.
280
    Pyrrhus lands in Italy, and defeats Romans at Heraclea.
    (Winter) Negotiations with Pyrrhus.
279
    Battle of Asculum.
278
    Peace negotiations fail. Rome’s treaty with Carthage.
    Pyrrhus leaves Italy.
276
    Pyrrhus returns to Italy.
275
Pyrrhus defeated
near Malventum; returns to Greece.
273
    Latin colonies at Paestum and Cosa. Caere mulcted of some territory. Roman friendship with Egypt.
272
Livius Andronicus brought to Rome. Anio Vetus aqueduct.
    Alliance with Velia, Heraclea, Thurii, Metapontum.
    Surrender of Tarentum.
270
    Capture of Rhegium.
269
First silver coinage minted at Rome. Revolt of Picentes.
268
    Picentes reduced: half-citizenship.
Sabines receive full citizenship.
Latin colonies at Beneventum and Ariminum.
    Capture of Sarsina.
267
    War with Sallentini. Capture of Brundisium.
266
    Apulia and Messapia reduced to alliance.
264
First gladiatorial show at Rome.
    Latin colony at Firmum. Capture of Volsinii.
263
    Latin colony at Aesernia.
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