Read The New Nobility of the KGB Online
Authors: Andrei Soldatov
Tags: #History, #Europe, #Russia & the Former Soviet Union, #Political Science, #General, #International Relations, #Security (National & International), #Intelligence & Espionage, #World, #Russian & Former Soviet Union, #Social Science, #Social Classes
The New Nobility of the KGB (37 page)
8
Jamestown Foundation, “Yandarbiev Assassination: Still More Questions Than Answers,” March 23, 2004.
Jamestown Foundation, “Yandarbiev Assassination: Still More Questions Than Answers,” March 23, 2004.
9
Radio Free Europe, “Analysis: The End of ‘Namedni,’” June 7, 2004.
Radio Free Europe, “Analysis: The End of ‘Namedni,’” June 7, 2004.
10
UPI, “Commentary: Russia’s Media Loss,” June 2, 2004.
UPI, “Commentary: Russia’s Media Loss,” June 2, 2004.
11
Itar-Tass,“Obmen arestovannimi v Dokhe I Moskve nevozmozhen: diplomatichesky istochnik v rossiyskoy stolice”[Exchange of the arrested in Doha and Moscow is impossible: Diplomatic source in Russian capital], March 2, 2004.
Itar-Tass,“Obmen arestovannimi v Dokhe I Moskve nevozmozhen: diplomatichesky istochnik v rossiyskoy stolice”[Exchange of the arrested in Doha and Moscow is impossible: Diplomatic source in Russian capital], March 2, 2004.
12
According to AFP, “In what escalated into a diplomatic row between the Gulf state and Russia, Qatar expelled the first secretary of the Russian Embassy late last month after detaining him and the agents in connection with the murder of Yandarbiyev in a car bomb. Qatar’s expulsion announcement was made just hours after the return to Doha of two Qatari nationals who were released by Moscow.” “Russia to respect Qatari court verdict,”April 20, 2004.
According to AFP, “In what escalated into a diplomatic row between the Gulf state and Russia, Qatar expelled the first secretary of the Russian Embassy late last month after detaining him and the agents in connection with the murder of Yandarbiyev in a car bomb. Qatar’s expulsion announcement was made just hours after the return to Doha of two Qatari nationals who were released by Moscow.” “Russia to respect Qatari court verdict,”April 20, 2004.
13
Mikhail Zigar and Musa Muradov, “V tishine dva mesyatsa” [Two months in silence],
Kommersant
, April 27, 2004.
Mikhail Zigar and Musa Muradov, “V tishine dva mesyatsa” [Two months in silence],
Kommersant
, April 27, 2004.
14
Jaber Al Harmi, “Two Russian Intelligence Officers Sentenced to Life in Prison in Assassination of Chechen Rebel Leader,” AP, June 30, 2006.
Jaber Al Harmi, “Two Russian Intelligence Officers Sentenced to Life in Prison in Assassination of Chechen Rebel Leader,” AP, June 30, 2006.
15
Mikhail Zigar, “Katarskikh uznikov vozvrashayut na rodinu” [Qatar’s prisoners are returned to homeland],
Kommersant
, November 11, 2004.
Mikhail Zigar, “Katarskikh uznikov vozvrashayut na rodinu” [Qatar’s prisoners are returned to homeland],
Kommersant
, November 11, 2004.
16
Tom Parfitt, “Qatar Hands Back Moscow Agents Jailed for Murder,”
Daily Telegraph
, January 16, 2005.
Tom Parfitt, “Qatar Hands Back Moscow Agents Jailed for Murder,”
Daily Telegraph
, January 16, 2005.
17
Bahrain News Agency, “Qatar Meets Russia’s Request to Hand Over Two Citizens,” December 24, 2004.
Bahrain News Agency, “Qatar Meets Russia’s Request to Hand Over Two Citizens,” December 24, 2004.
18
Kommersant
, “Pryamaya rech: Geroev dadut?” [Direct speech: Are they about to be awarded?], December 24, 2004.
Kommersant
, “Pryamaya rech: Geroev dadut?” [Direct speech: Are they about to be awarded?], December 24, 2004.
19
Tom Parfitt, “Qatar Hands Back Moscow Agents Jailed for Murder,”
Daily Telegraph
, January 16, 2005.
Tom Parfitt, “Qatar Hands Back Moscow Agents Jailed for Murder,”
Daily Telegraph
, January 16, 2005.
20
Jamestown Foundation, “Whereabouts of Yandarbiev’s Accused Killers Unknown,” February 22, 2005.
Jamestown Foundation, “Whereabouts of Yandarbiev’s Accused Killers Unknown,” February 22, 2005.
21
Pavel Yevdokimov, “Breid Vympel KGB” (based on memories of general Yuri Drozdov, a head of Directorate S [Illegal Operations] of the founder of Vympel),
Spetsnaz Rossii
, August 1, 2009, available at
www.fsb.ru
.
Pavel Yevdokimov, “Breid Vympel KGB” (based on memories of general Yuri Drozdov, a head of Directorate S [Illegal Operations] of the founder of Vympel),
Spetsnaz Rossii
, August 1, 2009, available at
www.fsb.ru
.
22
Itar-Tass,“Putin postavil spetsluzhbam zadachu naiti I unichtozhit vsekh ubiyts sotrudnikov Rossiyskogo posolstva v Irake” [Putin gave the secret services the task to find and eliminate all assassins of the employees of the Russian embassy in Iraq], June 28, 2006.
Itar-Tass,“Putin postavil spetsluzhbam zadachu naiti I unichtozhit vsekh ubiyts sotrudnikov Rossiyskogo posolstva v Irake” [Putin gave the secret services the task to find and eliminate all assassins of the employees of the Russian embassy in Iraq], June 28, 2006.
23
“Patrushev: specsluzhbi sdelayut vse, chtobi poimat ubiyc diplomatov” [Patrushev: The secret services did all to catch the diplomats’ assassins], vesti.ru, June 28, 2006.
“Patrushev: specsluzhbi sdelayut vse, chtobi poimat ubiyc diplomatov” [Patrushev: The secret services did all to catch the diplomats’ assassins], vesti.ru, June 28, 2006.
24
Andrei Soldatov, “U FSB prosto ne ostalos sil” [FSB has no resources],
Novaya Gazeta
, July 10, 2006.
Andrei Soldatov, “U FSB prosto ne ostalos sil” [FSB has no resources],
Novaya Gazeta
, July 10, 2006.
25
“FSB budet lovit terroristov za granitsei” [FSB will catch terrorists abroad],
www.edinros.ru
, June 6, 2006.
“FSB budet lovit terroristov za granitsei” [FSB will catch terrorists abroad],
www.edinros.ru
, June 6, 2006.
26
Federal Law no. 153, July 27, 2006, “About the changes in separate bills of the Russian Federation due to approval of the Federal law concerning the ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe on terrorism prevention and the Federal Law on terrorism prevention.” Federation Council decision no. 219-SF, July 7, 2006, “On use of formations of the Armed Forces of Russia and Special Purpose forces beyond the borders of the Russian Federation for suppression of international terrorist activity.”
Federal Law no. 153, July 27, 2006, “About the changes in separate bills of the Russian Federation due to approval of the Federal law concerning the ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe on terrorism prevention and the Federal Law on terrorism prevention.” Federation Council decision no. 219-SF, July 7, 2006, “On use of formations of the Armed Forces of Russia and Special Purpose forces beyond the borders of the Russian Federation for suppression of international terrorist activity.”
27
Kavkazsky Uzel (news agency established by the human rights group Memorial), “Hamzat Gizba bil shurinom Shamila Basayeva” [Hamzat Gizba was married to the sister of Basayev], August 18, 2007.
Kavkazsky Uzel (news agency established by the human rights group Memorial), “Hamzat Gizba bil shurinom Shamila Basayeva” [Hamzat Gizba was married to the sister of Basayev], August 18, 2007.
28
Prague Watchdog, “Ego ubili prishlie” [He was killed by strangers], August 1, 2008; Jamestown Foundation “North Caucasus Rebels Seek to Expand into Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Azerbaijan,” September 26, 2008.
Prague Watchdog, “Ego ubili prishlie” [He was killed by strangers], August 1, 2008; Jamestown Foundation “North Caucasus Rebels Seek to Expand into Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Azerbaijan,” September 26, 2008.
29
Author’s interview with the Abkazian official, September 2007.
Author’s interview with the Abkazian official, September 2007.
30
Sean O’Neill, “Baikal: The Gangsters’ Gun,”
The Times
, July 21, 2008.
Sean O’Neill, “Baikal: The Gangsters’ Gun,”
The Times
, July 21, 2008.
31
Jamestown Foundation,“Chechen Refugees in Azerbaijan Ask for Help,” January 11, 2007.
Jamestown Foundation,“Chechen Refugees in Azerbaijan Ask for Help,” January 11, 2007.
32
Summary of Amnesty International’s Concerns in Europe and Central Asia, July-December 2006; Kavkasky Uzel news agency, “Pravozashitniki trebuyut nakazat ubic bejenca iz Chechni” [Human rights activists pledge to punish the assassins of a refugee from Chechnya], April 14, 2007.
Summary of Amnesty International’s Concerns in Europe and Central Asia, July-December 2006; Kavkasky Uzel news agency, “Pravozashitniki trebuyut nakazat ubic bejenca iz Chechni” [Human rights activists pledge to punish the assassins of a refugee from Chechnya], April 14, 2007.
33
The details of killings in Azerbaijan and Abkhazia are derived from the authors’ research for “Likvidatori. Pravila provedeniya likvidaciy za rubezhom” [Liquidators: The rules for liquidations abroad],
Novaya Gazeta
, December 13, 2007.
The details of killings in Azerbaijan and Abkhazia are derived from the authors’ research for “Likvidatori. Pravila provedeniya likvidaciy za rubezhom” [Liquidators: The rules for liquidations abroad],
Novaya Gazeta
, December 13, 2007.
34
Authors’ interview with officer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who preferred to remain anonymous, October 2008. Also, “Likvidatori. Pravila provedeniya likvidaciy za rubezhom” [Liquidators: The rules for liquidations abroad],
Novaya Gazeta
, December 13, 2007.
Authors’ interview with officer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who preferred to remain anonymous, October 2008. Also, “Likvidatori. Pravila provedeniya likvidaciy za rubezhom” [Liquidators: The rules for liquidations abroad],
Novaya Gazeta
, December 13, 2007.
35
Fedor Bramin, “‘Groza’ v Stambule” [The pistol Groza in Istanbul],
Spetsnaz Rossii
, no. 12, December 2008.
Fedor Bramin, “‘Groza’ v Stambule” [The pistol Groza in Istanbul],
Spetsnaz Rossii
, no. 12, December 2008.
36
RIA Novosti
, “Dubai police chief says criminal group behind Yamadayev’s murder,” February 31, 2009.
RIA Novosti
, “Dubai police chief says criminal group behind Yamadayev’s murder,” February 31, 2009.
37
Sabah
, “Istanbul’da gizli Çeçen zirvesi” [Secret summit in Istanbul concerned the Chechen problem], March 21, 2009.
Sabah
, “Istanbul’da gizli Çeçen zirvesi” [Secret summit in Istanbul concerned the Chechen problem], March 21, 2009.
38
The English translation is available at the Web site
axisglobe.com
“French intelligence to help Turkish secret services to investigate Russian hit-men murders,” March 23, 2009.
The English translation is available at the Web site
axisglobe.com
“French intelligence to help Turkish secret services to investigate Russian hit-men murders,” March 23, 2009.
39
Authors’ interview with Litvinenko, November 2003. Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan,“Tri tovaricha iz FSB” [The three friends from the FSB], December 15, 2003.
Authors’ interview with Litvinenko, November 2003. Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan,“Tri tovaricha iz FSB” [The three friends from the FSB], December 15, 2003.
40
Mark Urban, “Litvinenko Killing ‘Had State Involvement,’” BBC News-night, July 7, 2008.
Mark Urban, “Litvinenko Killing ‘Had State Involvement,’” BBC News-night, July 7, 2008.
41
House of Commons, Foreign Affairs Committee, “Global Security: Russia,” second report of session 2007-2008, printed November 7, 2007.
House of Commons, Foreign Affairs Committee, “Global Security: Russia,” second report of session 2007-2008, printed November 7, 2007.
1
In October 1993 at the conference, “KGB: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow,” SVR (Russian foreign intelligence service) spokesman Yuri Kobaladze said: “If some people used to argue about whether it was correct to separate intelligence, now there are no such discussions. My own opinion, shared by most in the SVR—it was the correct decision. First of all, because the SVR is not a law enforcement agency: It’s not engaged in political surveillance inside the country, does not hunt for spies. If intelligence breaks the law, it does it in other countries.” Glasnost Foundation, October 1-3, 1993.
In October 1993 at the conference, “KGB: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow,” SVR (Russian foreign intelligence service) spokesman Yuri Kobaladze said: “If some people used to argue about whether it was correct to separate intelligence, now there are no such discussions. My own opinion, shared by most in the SVR—it was the correct decision. First of all, because the SVR is not a law enforcement agency: It’s not engaged in political surveillance inside the country, does not hunt for spies. If intelligence breaks the law, it does it in other countries.” Glasnost Foundation, October 1-3, 1993.
2
Federation of American Scientists, “Russian Intelligence-Related Legal Documents: On Organs of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation, Federal Law no. 40-FZ,”
fas.org
.
Federation of American Scientists, “Russian Intelligence-Related Legal Documents: On Organs of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation, Federal Law no. 40-FZ,”
fas.org
.
3
Andrei Soldatov, “Skolko u nas razvedok” [How many intelligence agencies we have got],
Versiya
, June 10, 2002.
Andrei Soldatov, “Skolko u nas razvedok” [How many intelligence agencies we have got],
Versiya
, June 10, 2002.
4
Nikolai Poroskov, “U razvedchikov mirnoi zhizni ne bivaet” [Intelligence officer has no calm days],
Vremya Novostei
, December 19, 2003.
Nikolai Poroskov, “U razvedchikov mirnoi zhizni ne bivaet” [Intelligence officer has no calm days],
Vremya Novostei
, December 19, 2003.
5
According to the Conflict Studies Research Center report: “The intelligence vacuum left in all former Soviet republics was far greater than the weaknesses in their security structures. The intelligence apparatus in the Soviet Union needed only a small number of operatives in the republics. . . . All the operations were planned, run and monitored from Moscow. The fragments of the locally collected ‘puzzle’ were then sent to Moscow where appropriate analyses were run and decisions taken. In the post-Soviet period the intelligence bodies of the individual republics were sometimes able to look at their non FSU neighbors but had no means to operate either in more distant countries, if only as liaison offices, or to follow many world events.” Gordon Bennett,
The SVR: Russia’s Intelligence Service
(Sandhurst, UK: Conflict Studies Research Center, 2000).
According to the Conflict Studies Research Center report: “The intelligence vacuum left in all former Soviet republics was far greater than the weaknesses in their security structures. The intelligence apparatus in the Soviet Union needed only a small number of operatives in the republics. . . . All the operations were planned, run and monitored from Moscow. The fragments of the locally collected ‘puzzle’ were then sent to Moscow where appropriate analyses were run and decisions taken. In the post-Soviet period the intelligence bodies of the individual republics were sometimes able to look at their non FSU neighbors but had no means to operate either in more distant countries, if only as liaison offices, or to follow many world events.” Gordon Bennett,
The SVR: Russia’s Intelligence Service
(Sandhurst, UK: Conflict Studies Research Center, 2000).
6
Law no. 86-FZ, June 30, 2003.
Law no. 86-FZ, June 30, 2003.
7
Andrei Soldatov, “Voiska prevrashayutsa v organi” [The troops are turned into organs],
Moskovskie Novosti
, October 2004; Andrei Soldatov, “Skolko u nas razvedok” [How many intelligence agencies we have got],
Versiya
, June 10, 2002; Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Nashi specsluzhbi-na territorii byvshego Soyuza” [Our secret services—on the soil of the former Soviet Union],
Novaya Gazeta
, March 27, 2006.
Andrei Soldatov, “Voiska prevrashayutsa v organi” [The troops are turned into organs],
Moskovskie Novosti
, October 2004; Andrei Soldatov, “Skolko u nas razvedok” [How many intelligence agencies we have got],
Versiya
, June 10, 2002; Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Nashi specsluzhbi-na territorii byvshego Soyuza” [Our secret services—on the soil of the former Soviet Union],
Novaya Gazeta
, March 27, 2006.
8
Roman Yakovlevsky, “General Ushakov vykhodit na svyaz” [General Ushakov is connected],
Belorusskaya Delovaya Gazeta
, April 2, 2003.
Roman Yakovlevsky, “General Ushakov vykhodit na svyaz” [General Ushakov is connected],
Belorusskaya Delovaya Gazeta
, April 2, 2003.
9
Artur Sitov, “X-files: Yrie Roshka-1. Portret odnogo politicheskogo trupa” [X-files: Yuri Roshka: portrait of the political body],
Moldavskie Vedomosti
, April 3, 2009.
Artur Sitov, “X-files: Yrie Roshka-1. Portret odnogo politicheskogo trupa” [X-files: Yuri Roshka: portrait of the political body],
Moldavskie Vedomosti
, April 3, 2009.
10
Orkhan Djemal, “Vybor Kalashnikova” [The choice of Kalashnikov],
Novaya Gazeta
, November 4, 2004.
Orkhan Djemal, “Vybor Kalashnikova” [The choice of Kalashnikov],
Novaya Gazeta
, November 4, 2004.
11
RIA Novosti
, “Patrushev: Novie ‘barkhatnie revolutsii’ finansiruyutsa zapadom” [Patrushev: New color revolutions are financed by the West], May 12, 2005; IPS News,“Belarus: NGOs Deny Plot to Overthrow Government,” May 14, 2005.
RIA Novosti
, “Patrushev: Novie ‘barkhatnie revolutsii’ finansiruyutsa zapadom” [Patrushev: New color revolutions are financed by the West], May 12, 2005; IPS News,“Belarus: NGOs Deny Plot to Overthrow Government,” May 14, 2005.
12
Dmitry Mineev,“U nijegorodskih chekistov-noviy nachalnik” [The Chekists of Nizhny Novgorod get a new chief],
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, June 10, 2009.
Dmitry Mineev,“U nijegorodskih chekistov-noviy nachalnik” [The Chekists of Nizhny Novgorod get a new chief],
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, June 10, 2009.
13
For details and insignia, see the dossier on the department at agentura.ru.
For details and insignia, see the dossier on the department at agentura.ru.
14
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional organization founded by participating countries on December 8, 1991, to unite former Soviet Republics, but Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia did not join.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional organization founded by participating countries on December 8, 1991, to unite former Soviet Republics, but Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia did not join.
15
The council is known as the SORB: Soviet Rukovoditelei Organov Bezopasnosti I Specialnikh Sluzhb.
The council is known as the SORB: Soviet Rukovoditelei Organov Bezopasnosti I Specialnikh Sluzhb.
16
See Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, “CIS Antiterrorism Center: Marking Time in Moscow, Refocusing on Bishkek,” November 3, 2002. According to the group, an Israeli think tank based in Washington, “This supervision arrangement implicitly treats CIS member countries as a field of action for Russia’s internal security agency.”
See Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, “CIS Antiterrorism Center: Marking Time in Moscow, Refocusing on Bishkek,” November 3, 2002. According to the group, an Israeli think tank based in Washington, “This supervision arrangement implicitly treats CIS member countries as a field of action for Russia’s internal security agency.”
17
See agentura.ru profile of the CIS Antiterrorism Center. Armen Zakharyan, the Armenian representative in the ATC, told the authors in the summer of 2007 that he had been sent to Moscow after a falling-out with the chief of the Armenian Service of National Security.
See agentura.ru profile of the CIS Antiterrorism Center. Armen Zakharyan, the Armenian representative in the ATC, told the authors in the summer of 2007 that he had been sent to Moscow after a falling-out with the chief of the Armenian Service of National Security.
18
Itar-Tass,“Naibolee serioznaya terroristicheskaya ugroza dlya stran SNG iskhodit s territorii Afghanistana-glava Antiterroristicheskogo Centra SNG” [The most serious terrorist threat is from Afghanistan], October 18, 2005.
Itar-Tass,“Naibolee serioznaya terroristicheskaya ugroza dlya stran SNG iskhodit s territorii Afghanistana-glava Antiterroristicheskogo Centra SNG” [The most serious terrorist threat is from Afghanistan], October 18, 2005.
19
Stephen Grey,
Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Torture Program
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006), p. 174. Also see Frank A. Clements,
Conflict in Afghanistan
:
A Historical Encyclopedia
(Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2003), pp. 260-261.
Stephen Grey,
Ghost Plane: The True Story of the CIA Torture Program
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2006), p. 174. Also see Frank A. Clements,
Conflict in Afghanistan
:
A Historical Encyclopedia
(Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2003), pp. 260-261.
20
The United States also helped, adding the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan to its list of international terrorist organizations in October 2001. In May 2002 the new U.S.-backed Afghan authorities handed over eight IMU members to Uzbekistan.
eurasianet.org
, “Uzbekistan: There’s No Place Like Home,” September 18, 2002.
The United States also helped, adding the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan to its list of international terrorist organizations in October 2001. In May 2002 the new U.S.-backed Afghan authorities handed over eight IMU members to Uzbekistan.
eurasianet.org
, “Uzbekistan: There’s No Place Like Home,” September 18, 2002.
21
RIA Novosti
, “Alisher Usmanov etapirovan iz Kazani v Uzbekistan” [Usmanov handed over from Kazan to Uzbekistan], October 24, 2005.
RIA Novosti
, “Alisher Usmanov etapirovan iz Kazani v Uzbekistan” [Usmanov handed over from Kazan to Uzbekistan], October 24, 2005.
22
Further details of the abductions were derived from the investigation conducted by the authors and published in
Novaya Gazeta.
Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Specsluzhbi byvshego Soyuza-na territorii Rossii” [The secret services of the former Soviet Union—on Russian soil],
Novaya Gazeta
, February 27, 2006. The Turkmenistan secret services were the first to show the way. According to information from Russian human rights activists, in the mid-1990s there was a special section in the Turkmen embassy in Moscow in charge of abductions of Turkmen dissidents, headed by first secretary Rakhman Allakov. Memorial Human Rights Center,“Turkmenistan/Russia: kto stoit za napadeniem na Avdy Kulieva?” [Turkmenistan/Russia: Who is behind the attack on Avdy Kuliev?], August 16, 2003. In 2002 Ramin Nagiev, a lieutenant colonel at the Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan and a whistle-blower who had fled to Russia in 1998, was all but kidnapped in Moscow. He was met near his house by two people calling themselves FSB agents. They drove him to the suburbs of Moscow, where they met with a vehicle bearing Azerbaijani diplomatic plates. As Nagiev was being handed over from one car to the other he managed to escape. The next day he left Moscow for France, where he was granted political asylum.
Further details of the abductions were derived from the investigation conducted by the authors and published in
Novaya Gazeta.
Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Specsluzhbi byvshego Soyuza-na territorii Rossii” [The secret services of the former Soviet Union—on Russian soil],
Novaya Gazeta
, February 27, 2006. The Turkmenistan secret services were the first to show the way. According to information from Russian human rights activists, in the mid-1990s there was a special section in the Turkmen embassy in Moscow in charge of abductions of Turkmen dissidents, headed by first secretary Rakhman Allakov. Memorial Human Rights Center,“Turkmenistan/Russia: kto stoit za napadeniem na Avdy Kulieva?” [Turkmenistan/Russia: Who is behind the attack on Avdy Kuliev?], August 16, 2003. In 2002 Ramin Nagiev, a lieutenant colonel at the Ministry of National Security of Azerbaijan and a whistle-blower who had fled to Russia in 1998, was all but kidnapped in Moscow. He was met near his house by two people calling themselves FSB agents. They drove him to the suburbs of Moscow, where they met with a vehicle bearing Azerbaijani diplomatic plates. As Nagiev was being handed over from one car to the other he managed to escape. The next day he left Moscow for France, where he was granted political asylum.
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