Authors: Andrei Soldatov

Tags: #History, #Europe, #Russia & the Former Soviet Union, #Political Science, #General, #International Relations, #Security (National & International), #Intelligence & Espionage, #World, #Russian & Former Soviet Union, #Social Science, #Social Classes

The New Nobility of the KGB (36 page)

3
Ibid.

4
Sergei Yuriev, “Putin vstretilsa s Yavlinskim” [Putin met Yavlinsky],
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, October 30, 2002.

5
E. A. Vorobyev et al., “Otchet Komissii SPS” [Findings of the Public Commission of SPS], November 21, 2002.

6
Irina Borogan,“Vragi gosudarstva” [Enemies of the State],
Versiya
, July 14, 2003. In July 2008, the court in Strasbourg made a decision to limit access to the case at the request of Russia,
newsru.com
, July 3, 2008. The official criminal investigation from Nord-Ost was suspended on June 1, 2007.

7
Conclusions of the report by the Organization of Victims of Nord-Ost, December 29, 2006. See
www.nord-ost.org
.

8
Larissa Kaftan and Alexander Gamov,“Putin rasskazal zapadnim journalistam o terakte” [Putin told foreign journalists about a terrorist attack],
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, September 7, 2004.

9
BBC, “‘No Mistakes,’ Beslan Report Says,” December 26, 2005.

10
Novaya Gazeta
, “Sud amnistiroval beslanskih milicionerov” [Court amnesties policemen of Beslan], May 29, 2007.

11
Yulia Petrovskaya, Yevgeni Grigoriev, and Dmitry Suslov, “Zakaev vzyal reiskthag” [Zakaev won the German parliament],
Nezavisemaya Gazeta
, January 30, 2004.

12
NTV interview with Nikolai Patrushev, October 6, 2004. Transcript available on the Web site
www.ntv.ru
and on the FSB Web site,
www.fsb.ru
.

13
Marina Lepina, “Ramzan Kadyrov pobedil Abu Al-Walida” [Ramzan Kadyrov has won over Abu al-Walid],
Kommersant
, August 21, 2003.

14
“Po dannnim specluzb za terakt v moskovskom metro na lichniy chet Al-Valida postupilo USD 4.5 mln” [According to the secret services’ data, Al-Walid was paid USD 4.5 million for the terrorist attack in Moscow metro], fsb.ru, September 25, 2004.

15
“Terroristicheskie organizacii Al Qaeda I Bratia Musilmane yavlyautsa osnovnoi prichinoi napryazhennosti v Chechnhe” [Terrorist organizations Al Qaeda and Muslim Brotherhood are the main reason for tensions in Chechnya], fsb.ru, December 21, 2004.

16
“On the fight against terrorism, Russian Federation Federal Law no. 130-FZ,” signed by Russian Federation President B. Yeltsin, fas.ru, July 25, 1998.

17
Federal law “O protivodestvii terrorismu” [“On countering terrorism”], March 6, 2006.

18
Andrei Soldatov, “Hero Rossii” [Hero of Russia],
Moscovskie Novosti
, September 2, 2004.

19
Svetlana Olifirova, Zinaida Lobanova, and Tatiana Putilova,“35 neizvestnih geroya Nord-Osta” [35 unknown heroes of Nord-Ost],
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, February 27, 2002.

20
Decree of the President, Russian Federation, no. 913, August 19, 2004: “O Yezhkove A. P.” [About Yezhkov], and no. 914, August 19, 2004: “O Labuntse M. I.” [About Labunets]. Also see Yuri Gavrilov, “Vladimir Putin podpisal neskolko ukazov, seriozno izmenivshih rasstanovku sil v “silovih” vedomstvah” [Vladimir Putin signs a number of decrees, significantly altering posts in the secret services],
Rossiyskaya Gazeta
, June 20, 2004.

21
Andrei Soldatov,“Te zhe, tam zhe” [The same people, in the same positions],
Moskovskie Novosti
, October 1, 2004.

22
Zvezda TV Channel, “President Putin vstretilsa v Kremle s vishimi oficerami” [President Putin met in the Kremlin with highly placed officers], March 9, 2007.

23
Yevgeny Krutikov,“Sergei Smirnov: S lichnim sostavom vsegda chto-to proishodit” [Sergei Smirnov: These are routine changes in personnel],
Izvestia
, May 31, 2000.

24
Sergei Shishin, the chief of the Internal Security Directorate of the FSB in 2002, said: “The Directorate of Internal Security at the FSB took an active role in the investigation of illegal activities of the so-called Department of Security of the Group MOST, in which former KGB and FSB officers conducted illegal phone-tapping of Gusinsky’s competitors attempting to recruit FSB officials. Because these activities were carried out by our former colleagues, our Directorate was involved when the General Prosecutor’s Office conducted the operation.” “Sergei Shishin: nam udalos viyavit predatelya v sobstvennikh ryadakh” [We managed to identify a traitor in our own ranks],
Gazeta,
December 17, 2002.

25
FAS.org
, On Organs of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation, Article 24.

26
Joint Decree of General Prosecutor’s Office and the FSB no. 20-27/10, May 18, 2002.

27
Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Neprikasaemie” [Untouchable],
Novaya Gazeta
, May 7, 2007.

28
Vladimir Putin, speech to Parliament, July 8, 2000.

29
Dmitry Medvedev inaugural speech, May 7, 2008. RIA Novosti, “Rossia dolzhna preodolet pravovoi nigilism” [Russia should win legal nihilism], May 7.

CHAPTER 15

1
Philip Taubman, “Soviet Reports 9 Died in Hijacking of Jet by Family,”
New York Times
, March 11, 1988.

2
Irina Borogan,“Opasnie Igri. Neizvestnie Podrobnosti vzrivov FSB” [Dangerous games: Details of the explosions of the FSB],
Versiya
, May 13, 2002.

3
Irina Borogan and Andrei Soldatov, “Speci po terroru. FSB prevrashaetsa v armiy” [Specialists on terror: FSB is turning into an army],
Versiya
, December 22, 2003.

4
Yuri Shekochikhin, “Bratva plasha i kinjala” [The criminal group of the cloak and dagger],
Novaya Gazeta
, May 25, 1998; the member of Parliament’s request to the prime minister, November 2, 1998 (signed by S. Mitrokhin, Yu. Shekochikhin, and A. Kuznetsov) is available at the Web site of the Yabloko Party,
www.yabloko.ru
.

5
The names and details of activities of the special units were derived by authors from official accounts, recollections of the officers involved, and sources in the Interior Ministry and the FSB. The authors published an account in
Moscovskiye Novosti
, “Tyzheli Feis i drugie” [“Heavy FSB squads and others”], September 2004; a shorter version appeared in
RUSI/Jane’s Homeland Security & Resilience Monitor
4, no. 19 (December 2005-January 2006). On January 19, 2006, the authors published in
Novaya Gazeta
the expanded version, with comments of the members of the State Duma (Committee of Security), experts, and a former officer of the Special Purpose Center of the FSB.

6
Vladimir Poletayev, “Tre Stepen Gotovnosti” [Three levels of readiness],
Rossiyskaya Gazeta
, August 19, 2004; and
Kommersant
, “Chem Proslavilies bataloni Vostok i Zapad” [How the battalions East and West became known], April 15, 2006.

7
Authors’ interview of a colonel in the Interior Ministry, October 2005.

8
Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Borba s terrorismom: likvidatori” [The battle with terrorism: Liquidators],
Novaya Gazeta
, January 19, 2006.

9
Vyacheslav Izmailov,“Gruppa SS-12,”
Novaya Gazeta
, August 12, 2004; International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, “Chechnya: Disappearances and Extrajudicial Killings in Sernovodsk and Other Villages of the Sunzha District of Chechnya,” July-August 2004.

10
Mark Franchetti, “Russian Death Squads ‘Pulverise’ Chechens,”
Sunday Times
, April 26, 2009.

11
Andrei Soldatov, “Ot pobedi to Beslana” [From victory to Beslan],
Moskovskie Novosti
, October 4, 2004.

12
Boris Andreev, “Ego hoteli vzyat zhiviem?” [He was wanted caught alive],
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, March 9, 2005; Speznas Rossii, “Udarnaya Sila FSB” (interview with Sergei Polyakov, vice president of the Association of Veterans of the Alpha Group), August 2006.

13
Memorial Web site “Death squads on the North Caucasus: Summer 2009,” available at
www.memo.ru
.

14
Mark Franchetti, “Dirty War Rages on Russia’s Doorstep,”
The Times
, September 20, 2009.

15
Human Rights Watch, “Letter to Yuri Chaika, Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Regarding Recent Disappearances in Dagestan,” October 23, 2009.

16
Author’s interview with Valery Dyatlenko, December 2005, published at
Novaya Gazeta
, January 19, 2006.

17
Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan, “Boryba s terrorismom: likvidatori” [Struggling with terrorism: Liquidators],
Novaya Gazeta
, January 19, 2006.

18
Agentura.ru, Studies and Research Center,“Terrorism prevention in Russia: One year after Beslan,” September 2005, available at
http://studies.agentura.ru
.

19
Memorial, “Sdacha v plen Magomeda Hambieva-resultat specoperatsii, soprovozhdavsheisya zakhvatom zalozhnikov” [Surrender of Magomet Hambiev is the result of a special operation that included capture of hostages], March 10, 2004.

20
The Memorial’s report “Chechnya, 2004: Kidnappings and disappearing of people” (available on the Memorial Web site:
www.memo.ru
). See also Andrew Kramer, “Chechnya Is Gripped by Political Kidnappings,”
New York Times
, July 18, 2009.

21
Memorial Bulletin of Human Rights Center, “Chechnya, 2004: ‘New’ methods of anti-terror. Hostage taking and repressive actions against relatives of alleged combatants and terrorists.” The text in English is available at Memorial’s Web site
www.memo.ru/hr/hotpoints/caucas1/msg/2005/03/m33236.htm
.

22
“Amir Magas: ‘This is war between Islam and kufr [infidel],’” kavkaz
center.com
, November 4, 2006.

23
Natalya Krainova, “Suicide bomber kills 2 police in Chechnya,”
Moscow Times
, May 15, 2009.

24
ABC News, “Chechen War Over: Russia,” April 16, 2009.

CHAPTER 16

1
Mark N. Katz, “Russia and Qatar,”
MERIA
2, no. 4 (December 2007).

2
Musa Muradov, “Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev popal v cherny spisok OON” [Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev lands on UN’s blacklist],
Kommersant
, June 27, 2004.

3
Vladimir Baranov,“Borba s terrorom po shariatu” [The battle against terrorism in the Sharia way],
Rossiyskaya Gazeta
, February 27, 2004.

4
On the confessions and allegation of torture, see Mikhail Zigar, “Sergeya Ivanova podshili k delu” [Sergei Ivanov was attached to the case],
Kommersant
, April 13, 2004. On use of the confessions at trial, see Agence France-Press, “Qatar opens trial in Yandarbiyev murder,” April 12, 2004. The Qatari police claims are also reported in Tom Parfitt, “Russian Agents Face Conviction for Chechen Assassination,”
Daily Telegraph
, May 16, 2004.

5
The details of activities of the agents are derived from the publication of the Web site KavkazCenter, June 1, 2004, “Order to kill Yandarbiyev issued by Sergei Ivanov.”The Web site is supported by Chechen rebels, and the details could not be independently verified by the authors. The trial of the Russians in Doha was closed at the request of Russian representatives. In this case the authors believe the information is generally correct. Also, the authors relied on Jamestown Foundation, “The Assassination of Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev: Implications for the War on Terrorism,” May 17, 2005; and on the reporting of
Kommersant
in Moscow.

6
Mikhail Zigar, “Sergeya Ivanova podshili k delu” [Sergei Ivanov was attached to the case],
Kommersant
, April 13, 2004.

7
Andrei Zlobin, “Washington rasskajet Mosckve o postsovetskom prostranstve” [Washington will tell Moscow about post-Soviet area],
Vremya Novostei
, March 22, 2004.

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