sandbar connecting two islands or an island and its mainland
tombolo
small jutting of sand or gravel at water’s edge
spit, sandspit, reach
flat place suitable for landing goods from a boat
landing
channel or passage that runs beneath cliffs from the shore inland
gat
What is most striking in the Maine wilderness is the con- tinuousness of the forest, with fewer open intervals or glades than you had imagined. Except for the few burnt lands, the narrow intervals on the rivers, the bare tops of the high mountains, and the lakes and streams, the forest is uninterrupted.
HENRY DAVID THOREAU,
The Maine Woods
These grass islands are a feature of the Amazon. They look like lush pastures adrift. Some of them are so large it is difficult to believe they are really afloat till they come alongside. Then, if the river is at all broken by a breeze, the meadow plainly undulates.
H. M. TOMLINSON,
The Sea and the Jungle
In the northern cliff I could see even the boughs and trunks; they were veins of silver in a mass of solid chrysolite. This forest had not the rounded and dull verdure of our own woods in midsummer, with deep bays of shadow. It was a sheer front, uniform, shadowless, and astonishingly vivid.
H. M. TOMLINSON,
The Sea and the Jungle
Passing between an isolated rock and the cape at the eastern extremity of the cove, the canoe skirted the foot of a small wooded valley, where huge old trees rose above an undergrowth of ferns and flowering shrubs.
CHARLES NORDHOFF AND
JAMES NORMAN HALL,
Pitcairn’s Island
It was an impressive lookout point. To the eastward the main valley lay outspread. On the opposite side the land fell away in gullies and precipitous ravines to the sea. Several small cascades, the result of recent heavy rains, streamed down the rocky walls, arching away from them, in places, as they descended. Small as the island was, its aspect from that height had in it a quality of savage grandeur, and the rich green thickets on the gentler slopes, lying in the full splendour of the westering sun, added to the solemnity of narrow valleys already filling with shadow, and the bare precipices that hung above them. CHARLES NORDHOFF AND
JAMES NORMAN HALL,
Pitcairn’s Island
sea’s juncture with a river’s mouth
estuary
sea inlet or arm
estuary, firth, frith
shallow arm of the sea or of a river
wash
connecting passage between two large bodies of water
strait, fretum
wide strait or navigable connecting waterway
channel
shoreline indentation
inlet
shoreline indentation that is sheltered
cove, creek, hole, basin
pool of water left after the tide recedes
tidal pool, tide pool
pool of water between two beaches
beach pool
shallow pond near a body of water
lagoon
long lagoon near the sea
haff
sea inlet that is extensive
gulf
sea inlet smaller than a gulf
bay, embayment
sea inlet or creek shallower inland
ria
bay at a coastal bend
bight
sea inlet that is long or separates an island from a mainland
sound
sea inlet that is narrow and has steep slopes or cliffs
fjord, fiord
Mombasa has all the look of a picture of Paradise painted by a small child. The deep Sea-arm round the island forms an ideal harbour; the land is made out of whitish coral-cliff grown with broad green mango trees and fantastic bald grey Baobab trees. The Sea at Mombasa is as blue as a cornflower, and, outside the inlet to the harbour, the long breakers of the Indian Ocean draw a thin crooked white line, and give out a low thunder even in the calmest weather.
ISAK DINESEN,
Out of Africa
There is no trail up this gray valley, only dim paths that lose themselves in bogs and willow flats and gravel streams. Several hours pass before we come to the rock outwash of a chasm in the northern walls where the torrent comes down from the ice fields of Kang La. Even at midday the ravine is dark, and so steep and narrow that on the ascent under hanging rocks the torrent must be crossed over and over.
PETER MATTHIESSEN,
The Snow Leopard
shallow area of water
shallows
land body surrounded by water
island, isle
large group or chain of islands (or their ocean area)
archipelago
small island
islet, ait, eyot
low coral island or visible reef
cay, key
ring-like coral island or reef surrounding a lagoon
atoll
land border along water
coast, coastline, shore, shoreline, seaboard, littoral
sandy margin along water
beach, strand, playa, lido
pebbled or stony beach
shingle
swampy coastline
maremma
mound of accrued or windblown sand
dune
crescent-like dune that shifts
barchan, barchane, barkhan
shallow place in a sea or river
shoal
submerged (or partly so) bank of sand or gravel obstructive to navigation
bar, sandbar, sandbank, shoal, reef
coral ridge-like growth usually near the surface in warm seas
reef
In the bright September light and mountain shadow—steep foothills are closing in as the valley narrows, and the snow peaks to the north are no longer seen—the path follows a dike between the reedy canal and the green terraces of rice that descend in steps to the margins of the river. Across the canal, more terraces ascend to the crests of the high hills, and a blue sky.
PETER MATTHIESSEN,
The Snow Leopard
My father and I began going down Fire Hill, the longer, and less steep, of the two hills on the road to Olinger and Alton. About halfway down, the embankment foliage fell away, and a wonderful view opened up. I saw across a little valley like the background of a Dürer. Lording it over a few acres of knolls and undulations draped with gray fences and dotted with rocks like brown sheep, there was a small house that seemed to have grown from the land.
JOHN UPDIKE,
The Centaur
This solitary stone peak overlooks the whole of my childhood and youth, the great Salinas Valley stretching south for nearly a hundred miles, the town of Salinas where I was born now spreading like crab grass toward the foothills. Mount Toro, on the brother range to the west, was a rounded benign mountain, and to the north Monterey Bay shone like a blue platter.
JOHN STEINBECK,
Travels with Charley
There were miles of pastures and tens of miles of wasted, washed-out land abandoned to the hardier weeds. The train cut through deep green pine forests where the ground was covered with the slick brown needles and the tops of the trees stretched up virgin and tall into the sky. And farther, a long way south of the town, the cypress swamps—with the gnarled roots of the trees writhing down into the brackish waters, where the gray, tattered moss trailed from the branches, where tropical water flowers blossomed in dank-ness and gloom. Then out again into the open beneath the sun and the indigo-blue sky.
CARSON McCULLERS,
The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter
sea rock opening through which water intermittently spouts
blowhole, gloup
any flowing line of fresh water
watercourse, course, channel, waterway, stream (archaic:
freshet)
junction of two rivers
watersmeet
inland-flowing course of fresh water smaller than a river
stream, brook, creek
small stream
streamlet, brooklet, rivulet, rill, runnel, burn
winding stream
meander, serpentine
winding stream dividing around a neck of land
oxbow
river or stream feeding a larger river
tributary, feeder
open stretch of river
reach
river’s upper tributaries
headwaters
onrushing or raging stream
torrent
turbulent and rock-obstructed part of a river
rapid, rapids
steep rapids
cataract
abrupt or steep river descent
chute
narrow channel or strait with swift and dangerous waters
euripus
dangerously cross-currented or turbulent patch of water
rip
He crawled up a small knoll and surveyed the prospect. There were no trees, no bushes, nothing but a gray sea of moss scarcely diversified by gray rocks, gray lakelets, and gray streamlets.
JACK LONDON, “Love of Life”
A film of mist hung over the inlet. A family of red-fronted geese rippled the water, and at the first gate more geese stood by a puddle. I passed along the track that led up into the mountains. Ahead was Harberton Mountain, black with trees, and a hazy sun coming over its shoulder. This side of the river was rolling grass country, burned out of the forest and spiked with charred trees.
BRUCE CHATWIN,
In Patagonia
Above the tongue is North Otter Bay, which is deep; below it is South Otter Bay, so shoal as to be dangerous, in spots, to anything but a canoe. It was through the shallows of South Otter Bay that we dragged our boats ashore on the tongue of land along which the river pours itself into the lake; and it was across this tongue of land that we were obliged to carry the boats in order to get to the northward of the French.
KENNETH ROBERTS,
Northwest Passage
river or stream channel in a mountain ridge gap
water gap
trough for water
run
shallow area of water that can be waded across
ford
inland body of (usually) fresh water
lake, loch, mere
small lake or standing body of water
pond, lakelet, pondlet, pool, water hole
artificial lake
reservoir
small mountain lake with steep banks
tarn
artficial pond subject to the tides of a river or stream
tidal basin
stagnant pool
stagnum
ocean, sea
the deep, the briny deep, blue water
water moving in an inward (centripetal) circle
whirlpool, maelstrom, gurge, vortex
small whirlpool
eddy
waterfall
cataract, cascade
dam in a stream
weir
embankment to prevent river flooding
levee
beach or harbor protective structure offshore
breakwater, mole
No sooner had we left the northern end of Missisquoi Bay that morning than we entered a spruce bog. The water was a foot deep, and in places even deeper, where the current had hollowed out channels like running brooks, into which we sometimes stumbled and sometimes fell full length.
KENNETH ROBERTS,
Northwest Passage
Slowing on the current, I drifted past a hundred-yard gap in the false shore on the west side; it was no more than a sliver of woodland on a bar. Beyond it a watery stump field stretched away as far as I could see, the low stumps arranged with infinite regularity, like the flat tombstones in a Muslim graveyard.
JONATHAN RABAN,
Old Glory