The Dandarnelles Disaster (39 page)

Agamemnon, HMS
(battleship)
84
,
99
,
101
,
105
,
112
–
13
,
120
,
124
–
6
,
151
,
197

Agincourt, HMS/Sultan Osman/Rio de Janeiro
(Brazilian/Turkish/British battleship)
23
–
4

Albania
15
,
31
,
97

Albion, HMS
(battleship)
100
,
105
–
6
,
126

Alexandria
131
–
2
,
145

Allenby, General Sir Edmund
185
,
194
Antwerp
62
,
66
–
7
,
89
,
139
,
173

Anzac Cove (Gallipoli)
151
–
2
,
155

ANZACs (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps)
90
,
102
–
4
,
110
,
114
,
118
,
148
,
151
–
6
,
176
,
184
,
193

Arbuthnot, Charles
17
,
18

Armenians
187
,
200
–
1

persecution and massacre by Turks
15
,
181
,
186
,
191

Armstrong and Vickers
1
,
23

Asquith, Henry Herbert,
1
st Earl of Oxford and Asquith xii,
36
,
67
,
82
,
136
,
144
,
171
; forms coalition Cabinet
142
–
3
; and Dardanelles disaster
85
,
162
,
178
–
80
; and Fisher's final resignation
143
; and War Council
164
–
6

Atatürk: see Kemal, Mustafa

Audacious, HMS
(battleship)
65
,
66

Australia
145
,
153
–
4
,
157
see also
ANZACs (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps) navy
65
,
158

Austria (and Austria-Hungary) xi,
11
,
12
,
50
–
1
,
56
,
62
; alliances
11
–
12
; declares war on Serbia
29
–
30
; interest in Ottoman Empire
9
; navy
16
,
39
,
67

Bacon, Admiral Sir Reginald
176
,
189

Balfour, Arthur (
later
Earl)
71
,
143
,
164
–
5
,
205

Balkan Wars (1912–13)
14
–
15
,
23
,
29
,
31
,
87
,
195

Balkans xi,
9
,
13
,
22
,
25
,
58
,
62
,
158
,
195
; Austrian-Russian rivalry over
10
,
12

Battenberg, Admiral of the Fleet Prince Louis Alexander of
64
,
67
,
68
,
139

Beatty, Admiral David,
1
st Earl
66
,
71
,
97
,
193

Belgium
61
–
2
,
87

Berlin, Congress of (1878)
10
,
13
,
19
–
20
,
25

Berlin-Baghdad railway
11
,
12
,
25
,
129
–
30
,
159

Bieberstein, Baron Marschall von
25
–
6

Birdwood, General Sir William
103
–
4
,
110
,
118
,
131
,
148
,
154
,
162
,
176

Bismarck, Otto Prince von
9
,
10
,
11
,
25

Black Sea xii,
57
–
9
,
83
–
4
; bombardments in
59
,
70
,
74
,
96
; Mediterranean Division
51
–
2
,
57
–
9
; Russian fleet in
21
,
77
,
95
–
6
,
110
,
182
;
Blücher, SMS
(German hybrid cruiser)
98
–
9

Bosporus xii,
85
,
110
; defences
77
,
96
–
7
; international conventions and control
19
,
200

Bouvet
(French battleship)
5
,
123
–
4
,
126
–
7

Braithwaite, Major-General W P
119
,
122

Breslau, SMS
(later
Midilli;

German/Turkish light cruiser)
26
,
27
,
38
,
44
,
130
,
160
; in Black Sea
59
,
70
,
74
,
96
,
182
; coal shortages and coaling
31–
2
,
34
,
43
; escorted through Dardanelles
45
–
6
; exchange of shots with
Gloucester
45
,
50
; movements in Mediterranean
31
–
2
,
34
–
9
,
44
; renamed
52
,
53
,
55
; sights British battle cruisers
35

Brighton Beach (Gallipoli)
152

British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
61
,
66
,
72
,
81
,
114
,
167

Bulair
145
–
6
,
148
; Allied feint
110
,
111
,
115
,
150
,
153

Bulgaria
10
,
14
–
15
,
28
,
58
,
90
,
130
,
197
; and Great War
54
,
81
–
2
,
87
,
130
,
170
,
207
; peace
201
; threat to Constantinople
26
–
7

bungling in high places
136
,
141
,
191

Canopus
,
HMS
(battleship)
17
,
73
,
109
,
111
,
115
,
116
,
153

Cape Helles (Gallipoli)
76
,
100
,
101
,
105
–
6
,
111
,
146
,
151
,
154
–
5
,
159

Carden, Vice-Admiral Sir Sackville
95
,
124
,
140
,
178
; Churchill presses on minesweeping
116
–
17
; Keyes assessment of
114
–
15
; and naval-only assault
83
–
6
,
169
–
71
,
172
; plan for Dardanelles assault
100
–
13
,
105
–
13
,
120
,
121
; replaced by de Robeck
120
; requests air support
112
; shelling of Dardanelles
75
–
6
; takes command of Mediterranean Fleet
56
,
68

Caucasian campaign
186
–
7

Cefat Pasha, Major General
3
–
4

Cemenlik
125

Central Powers xi,
13
,
54
,
178
; outflanking
89
–
91
,
102
,
136
,
140
,
170
,
177

Chanak
4
,
17
,
52
,
80
,
83
,
105
,
111
,
115
,
125
–
6
,
146
–
7
,
149
,
160
,
201

Charlemagne
(French battleship)
126
,
128

Chocheprat, Vice-Admiral P L A
33
–
5
Church, Captain W D
52
,
53

Churchill, Winston
74
,
157
,
181
,
182
,
206
; administrative and managerial style xi,
67
,
75
–
6
,
142
; ambivalent orders to Milne
39
–
41
; career and character
88
,
139
–
40
; creates Royal Naval Division (RND)
62
; and Dardanelles campaign
72
,
77
,
82
–
6
,
103
,
130
,
132
,
134
,
136
,
169
–
71
,
177
–
80
; and Dardanelles Commission
163
–
4
,
170
; exclusion from Admiralty xii,
137
–
8
,
143
–
4
,
193
; and Fisher
173
–
5
; flanking strategy
140
; and Gallipoli campaign
168
; and Iraq
204
; and Kitchener
163
,
167
–
8
,
176
–
7
; meets Enver
23
; orders Milne to engage
Goeben
36
; persuasive skills
87
,
90
,
133
,
142
,
175
; and preparations for Dardanelles campaign
171
; presentations of naval assault plans
87
–
9
,
174
–
5
; relations with Fisher
139
–
40
,
141
–
2
; relations with Turkey
23
–
4
; responsibility for escape of Mediterranean Division
51
; sequesters Turkish battleships
23
–
4
,
55
; and troops to support naval assault
101
,
103
,
114
,
116
–
17
; and War Council
164
–
6

Committee for Union and Progress (CUP)
see
“Young Turks”

Committee of Imperial Defence (CID -
later
War Council); strategy for forcing Dardanelles
20
–
2

Constantine I, King of Greece
71
,
195
–
6
,
201

Constantinople xii,
71
,
72
,
89
,
102
,
110
,
195
,
198
; British plan to capture
17
–
22
,
84
; occupation
200
; strategic importance
9
–
10

Coronel, Battle of (1914) xi, xii,
64
,
65
,
70
,
74

Courbet
(French dreadnought)
33
,
35
Cradock, Admiral Sir Christopher G F M
64
,
67
,
70
–
2
,
74

Crimean War (1854–56)
2
,
10
,
19
,
22

Cromer, Lord
162
,
165

Ctesiphon, Battle of (1915)
183

Curzon, George Nathaniel, Lord
199
–
200

d'Amade, General Albert
118
–
19
,
121
,
152

Dardanelles: defences
1
–
5
, –
5
,
57
,
76
–
8
,
80
,
126
–
7
,
129
,
132
,
135
,
141
; international conventions and control
19
,
200
; naval blockade xii,
52
,
57
,
78
–
9
,
182
; strategic importance xi–xiii,
17
–
19

Dardanelles, Treaty of (1809)
19

Dardanelles campaign
95
–
113
; accounts of assault
121
–
5
; adverse weather
18
,
91
,
103
,
104
,
107
,
108
,
113
,
125
,
131
; ANZAC (Australia and New Zealand Army Corps)
109
,
114
,
118
; assault on
Narrows
111
–
13
; bombardment of forts
121
–
9
; Bulair feint
110
,
111
,
115
,
150
,
153
; casualties and losses
127
–
8
,
180
; causes of defeat
135
–
6
; dispatch of troops to support
177
–
9
; failure of naval-only bombardment xii–xiii,
130
,
141
; and French support
86
,
99
,
108
–
9
,
112
–
14
,
117
–
19
,
126
–
7
,
130
,
131
,
172
; importance to outcome of war
103
; landing
118
–
20
; leadership
135
–
6
; minesweepers and minesweeping
80
,
100
,
105
,
107
–
8
,
112
–
13
,
115
–
18
,
121
,
124
–
5
,
135
,
141
,
189
; observation posts
109
–
12
,
118
,
121
; pin-prick raids
106
,
107
–
8
,
110
–
11
; planning and preparations xii,
20
–
2
,
71
–
2
,
84
–
5
,
100
–
13
,
175
–
6
,
206
; political consequences of failure
136
–
7
; trial bombardment
75
–
8
,
168
; Turkish defence
110
,
111
,
125
,
129
,
132
,
135
; and
29
th Division
90
,
102
,
104
,
113
–
14
,
118
–
19
,
131
–
2
,
148
–
9
,
152
,
153
,
157
,
175
–
7
,
179