34
Reynolds, “First Drive.”
37
U.S. Government Accountability Office, “Federal Energy and Fleet Management: Plug-in Vehicles Offer Potential Benefits, but High Costs and Limited Information Could Hinder Integration into the Federal Fleet,” June 2009,
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09493.pdf
, 21.
Chapter 20
8
Here's the math: 33,629 megawatts x 10,000 tons/year = 336.29 million tons/ year.
9
This estimate is from the author based on United Nations Environmental Program data. In 2004, North American per-capita wood consumption was about 700 kilograms. That's equal to about 1,540 pounds per person for 307 million Americans, and 1,540 x 307 million = 472.78 billion pounds, or about 236.4 macro metric (MM) tons. United Nations Environmental Program, “Global Wood Consumption,”
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/global-wood-consumption
.
10
ClimateProgress, “Southern Company Embraces.”
11
Vaclav Smil,
Energies: An Illustrated Guide to the Biosphere and Civilization
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999), 118. Note that Smil in this book gives a range for forest output of 0.4 to 0.9 watts per square meter. See also, Smil,
Global Catastrophes and Trends: The Next Fifty Years
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008), 85; Smil,
Energy at the Crossroads: Global Perspectives and Uncertainties
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003), 265.
Chapter 21
5
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
9
World Nuclear Association, “World Nuclear Power Reactors and Uranium Requirements.”
10
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
11
World Nuclear Association, “World Nuclear Power Reactors and Uranium Requirements.”
13
Ibid., BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
14
Hewitt Crane, Edwin Kinderman, and Ripudaman Malhotra,
A Cubic Mile of Oil: Realities and Options for Averting the Looming Global Energy Crisis
(New York: Oxford University Press), prepublication copy, 188.
25
Julian Darley,
High Noon for Natural Gas: The New Energy Crisis
(White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2004), 2.
27
Richard Heinberg,
The Party's Over: Oil, War, and the Fate of Industrial Societies
(Gabriola Island, British Columbia: New Society Publishers, 2003), 129.
28
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
30
Leta Smith, “Shale Gas Outside of North America: High Potential but Difficult to Realize,” Cambridge Energy Research Associates, April 2009, summary page.
31
One barrel of oil contains the energy equivalent of 5,487 cubic feet of natural gas.
35
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
36
Potential Gas Committee, “Potential Gas Committee Reports Unprecedented Increase.”
37
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009.
40
International Energy Agency, “Natural Gas Market Review 2009,” 99.
41
Guy Chazan, “Shell Plans to Build Floating LNG Plant,”
Wall Street Journal
, October 9, 2009, B2.