Khorasan Highway, 1—4, 289; Aryans, 5; followed by the Persians, 16-17; merchants, 29; palace of the Medes, 7
Lacedaemon, 67, 68, 77, 89, 157, 340; amphibious attack advised by Demaratus, 308,
see aha
Sparta
Lade, 167, 175, 228, 234,308,357 Laurium, 220—1 law, 81
Lebanon,229
Leonidas,
xviii, xix, 181,223-4,246,259, 394; at
Thermopylae, 262-1,268, 269-75, 282. 291-3,
295-6; mourning in Sparta, 341—2 Leotychides, 179, 180, 181,246, 336; at Samos, 357;
battle of Mvcale, 358,362; cruising off Delos,
338
Lycidas, 338,344-5 Lycurgus, 70-2, 115-16, 117, 119,261 Lydia; war with Medes, 6; war with the Persians, 13—15, 19,
see also
Croesus
Macedon, 248 Macedonia, 178, 330 Magi, 8, 26,31,36, 205, 240 Magnesia, 265, 267 Mandane, 9-10 manners, 80
Marathon, 109, 187, 190, 213, 335, 359; battle of, xvii, xxii, 194-8, 199, 284,359,387, 388; commemorated on the Parthenon, 368, 370; map, 194; modern Olympic Games, 198
Mardonius, 178, 208-9, 213,328, 390; at Thessaly, 336; battle of Plataea, 339-40, 344-9,352-3; proposes to 'complete the enslavement of the Greeks', 329-30
Marduk, 39,44, 45; and Darius, 46
Medes, 237, 375; at Thermopylae, 274; battle with Persians 550 BC, 10, 11—13; cavalry in winter, 14; cultural ties with Persians, 11-12,36; horse breeding, 5; invasion of Syria, 6; Magi, 8; palace at Ecbatana, 7; partnership with Persians, 15; victory over Nineveh, 6; war with Lvdians, 6, 13—14,
see also
Astyages
Median Wall,
42
Megacles,
115
Megara, 105. 106, 230, 255, 300, 310
Menelaus, 65, 67, 101, 261
Mesopotamia, 40, 41-3, 327; and Marduk, 45;
opulence of, 49 messengers, 173 Messenia, 68, 72,73,86 Middle Gate, 293
Miletus, 152-3, 154, 157, 161, 167,357; destruction
by Persians, 168, 170, 175, 22S, 234; past
resistance to Persia, 308 military training, 84, 85-6 Miltiad'es, 120-1, 124, 152. 164; leading Athens
against Persian invasion, 187, 188, 191, 198-9;
prosecution in Athens, 170-1, 215, 216 monarchy, 48, 49,50,94 money, 125 Moschians, 211 Mount Aigaleos. 109,301,306 Mount Athos, 178,213,214,329 Mount Callidromus, 262 Mount Cithaeron, 343,344 Mount of Mercy, 57 Mount Mycale, 157, 167,357, 368 Mount Oeta, 90
Mount Olympus, 112, 113, 178, 248
Mount Ossa, 248
mourning, 341—2
museums, 43
Mycenae, 73, 169
Myrcinus, 153, 161
Nabonidus, 41, 43, 44, 45 Naples, 23(1
Naxos, 120, 228; attacked by Artaphernes, 154-5
Nebuchadnezzar II, 41,42 Nebuchadnezzar III, 41, 46,50 Nemesis, 355, 356,364, 369,370 Nimrud, 4 Nineveh, 4,6,7 Nisaea, 29, 30,238 North Africa, 230 nudity, 83,85
oaths, 199 Odysseus, 268-9 Oeta, 284 Olympia, 112,257 Onomacritus, 126, 209 oracles
set'
Delphi; Didyma ostracism, 216-17, 221,'221-2, 390 Otanes, 27, 28, 34, 62
palaces, 49,58-9
Pallene, 119,324
Pan,189,343
Panionium, 167. 357
paradtiida
(paradise), 213,390
Paris (Prince ofTroy), 157
Parnassus, 90, 91
'Parsua', 9
Parthenon, 368
Pasargadae, 12,21.29, 57, 207
Pausanias, 342, 343-4, 363-4; battle of Plataea,
344-9,345,346, 352-5; beacons lit for victory,
356-7 pederasty, 85
Peloponnese, 74.333, 336,337, 340; foundation myths, 100; map, 64; march to support Sparta against Mardonius, 340; refusal to join congress, 366; spies, 228; threatened by Xerxes, 224, 225
Peloponnesian League, 226
Pelops. 73-4
Pelusium, 23
Pentelikon, 109, 118, 185
Periander, 114
Pericles, 367-8
Persepolis, 57-8, 59, 60, 173,207; inscription
proclaiming kingship of Xerxes, 208 Perseus, 168, 246
Persia, xv, xxi-xxii; origins, 9; writing, xxiv, 54,
see also
Artaphernes; Cambyses; Cyrus; Darius; Datis; Xerxes
Persian Gates, 284
Persian Gulf, 18
Phaidime, 31
phalanx, 76, 186, 187, 195,350
Phalerum. 109, 163, 198, 215,219, 326; Persian
council of war, 308, 309 Phidias, 365.368, 370 Philaids, 103,124,131,216 Philippides, 188-90, 191 philosophy, 149, 150 Phocaea, 15
Phocians, 262, 263, 264, 276, 291
Phoenicians, 229-30, 357; battle at Sciathos, 266;
battle of Salamis. 324,325, 328; seapower, 235;
and Xerxes, 233—4 Phraortes, 51, 52-3 Phrygia, 312
Piraeus, 166, 217, 222, 255
Pisistratids, 103, 119, 122, 124, 129, 136,209,214,
216,305-6; and Sparta, 129 Pisistratus, 116-17, 118-22, 119; and Homer,
261
Plataea, 128, 137,190,263, 339,342,343,367; battle,
344-53; map, 351 Plato, xxii Pnyx, 139, 253 poor, 105,106-7, 108 Poseidon, 219 prostitutes, 298, 299 Psyttaleia, 313,319,321,326,335 Punjab, 61, 62 purple dye, 229 Pythia.250,251,307,383 Pythioi, 95, 246 Pythius, 146, 240 python, 91
Rangha, 18,61
religion: Athens,
111;
Babylon, 43-4; Persia, 32-3, 34-7,55-6; Sparta, 69, 70-1,79-80; tolerance of, 146-8; wars of, 56; Xerxes, 241
Ithamnus, 369
Rhoxsane, 21, 26
roads, 173-4 Royal Road, 284
'Sacred Way', 137
sacrifices, 111, 193.242,292; ofhorses, 29-30;
human, 241 Saka. 17-18, 61, 182, 237; battle of Plataea, 352 Salamis, xxiii. 103, 106, 252; and Aeschylus, 359;
attempt to build causeway. 328—9; 'divine
Salamis', 307. 308; evacuation from Athens,
301, 302; map. 314, 322; return of the Greek
fleet, 302, 304.309 Samos. 62,89,157.183, 336, 358 Sardis, 14, 142,163, 171,360; acropolis, 144,236;
arrival of Xerxes, 225; 'court as a prostitute',
151; Croesus' palace, 236; priests of Apollo,
148-9; temple to Cybele, 143, 160;
Themistocles as advisor, 364; wealth of, 143;
Xerxes' army, 235-6, 240 Sargon,42-3, 44,48 Sargon II, 4 Saronic Gulf, 162,298 satraps, 144,145-6 savages, 17 Sciathos, 265, 266 sculpture, 111, 139,211, 365 Scyllias, 277
Scvthia, 120; invasion by Darius. King of Persia,
151-3 sea-monsters, 214 seamanship, 223,235 seapower, 163,166, 217-18, 221, 222-3 Semiramis, 1 Sepeia, 169,245 seven sages of Greece, 114 shields, 70, 196. 389 shipbuilding, 222-3 shipwreck, 279,394 Sicily, 230, 232-3,329 Sicinnus,312,313,315,331 Sidon, 229, 233,234, 235, 243, 266 Sikyavautish,30, 238,379 silver mining, 220—1 Sin (moon god), 44—5 slaves, 85,88-9 Sogdiana, 17, 182