Cilicia, 183, 279; battle of Salamis, 321, 328
Cilician Gates, 284
Cimon, 215, 362—3
Cissians, 213
City Dionysia, 125,170,359
Cleisthenes, 124, 127-8,132,386, 390; and
Aristeides, 218; and Cleomenes, 128, 129,130, 130-1, 132; and Darius, 141; democracy in Athens, 133-6, 140-1, 164, 216
Cleombrotus, 300,342
Cleomenes, 96-8, 172, 224; and Aegina, 179; alliance with Aristagoras, 157-8; and Athens, 129-30,132-3, 136-8,158-9; and Cleisthenes, 128,129,130-1,132; and Demaratus, 179-80; exile and death, 180—1,259; and Hippias, 129-30; war on Argos, 169
coinage, 104, 125, 143
communications, 172-3
Corinth, 90, 114, 226,230,234, 235,255; acropolis, 302; battle of Salamis, 325; temple of Aphrodite, 332-3
cosmopolitanism, 103—4
cowards, 340—1
Cranae, 157
Crimea, 152
Crisa,92, 115
Croesus, 13—14, 93, 115; and Cvrus, 93; and
Nemesis, 355; and Sparta, 76—7 Crypteia, 85,87
Curzon, George Nathaniel, xxi Cyaxares, 6, 375 Cylon, 113, 115,385 Cypriots, 328 Cyropolis, 18
Cyrus, 206,361,376-7; and Babylon, 41,44,45,50, 147,327; birth legend, 9-10; burial, 20,22; claim to Persian throne, 12; and Croesus, 13-14,93; death, 19-20,377; as demon, 20; expansion of the empire, 16-19; King of Persia, 9; and religion, 36-7; search for an heir, 21-2; and Sparta, 63,65, 77; treatment of defeated enemies, 12,14,19; victory over the Medes, 10—] 1
Danube, 151
Darius, 361, 378; accession to the throne, 33-4; ambassadors killed in Sparta, 178-9, 203, 224; assault on Egypt, 204; bureaucracy, 174; capture of Babylon, 46-50; chosen one of Ahura Mazda, 37,38,55; claim to the throne, 53-4; and Cleisthenes, 141; communications, 172-3; conquest of the islands, and Eretria, 182-5;
Conquest
of Macedonia, 178; conquests inscribed on stone, 54; conspiracy against Bardiya, 27-32; death, 206-7; defeat by Athens, 195-9; destruction of Ionia, 169, 170; education of children, 204-5; Egypt in revolt, 203; Elamite revolt, 55-6; entry into Babylon, 48—9; and Eretrian captives, 202, 203; factions and rebellions, 51—4, 61; financial administration, 58; gardening, 213; and global peace, 56; greatness of the empire, 172; guarding his Empire, 144-5; in India, 61-2; justice, 145-6; 'King of Kings', 57; manpower, 182; new capital cities, 57—60; opulence of capital cities, 58-60; power over nature, 61, 62; raid on Scvthia, 151—3; relief carving on Bisitun, 54-5; and religion, 37,55,56. 148-9; resources, 182-3; sons, 204, 205-6; state intelligence, 174-6; supplies, 183; threat to Athens, 170, 171-2, 177-8; wives of. 53
Datis, 175, 182-5,219, 369; attack on Eretria, 184-5; fleet bound for the Aegean, 183; invasion of Athens, 186-98, 284
Delian League, 362,363, 365, 366
Delos, 183-4,336,357
Delphi. 90-5,106,115,227.307, 308; and Argos, 246; consulted by Athens. 249-52; and Sparta. 129,246
Demaratus, 137-8,158, 179, 203-4, 209, 283, 389;
advises amphibious attack against
Lacedaemon, 308; at Salamis, 318; warning to
Sparta, 224-5 democracy, 131-8,140-1,154, 155,164,214-15,
216
demons, 48,177, 296-7 Didyma, 149, 184 discipline, 71-2,80.82.84, 86-7 Dorians, 68,90,353.381 Dorieus, 96—7 Doris, plain of, 90 Drauga (Lie), 32, 33, 34 dreams and visions, 126
East and West. 233
Ecbatana, 7,12-13,45, 376; seized by Phraortes, 51 Egibis, 45-6, 60
Egypt, 99, 152; battle of Salamis, 325,328; and Darius, 57; invasion by Cambyses, 22—3; rebellion suppressed by Xerxes, 207-8, 327; in revolt against Darius. 203—4; seamanship, 235
Elam. 38, 41, 43. 57; revolt against Darius. 55-6 Eleusis, 137,158,310,318, 325,342 Elissa, 230
En-nigaldi-Nanna, 43 Ephialtes. 288, 289 epilepsy, 81 equality, 134 Equator, 230
Erechtheus, 101,111,252,384
Eretria, 159,160,161; assault by Persian fleet, 182,
184-5 Esagila, 39, 44
espionage, 175, 192, 227-8, 311 Etemenanki, 49 Ethiopia, 287, 378 Ethiopians, 211 Euainetus, 249
Euboea, 159,184, 185,226. 230,264; Greek ships
sent to, 255 Eupatrids, 103,107, 131. 135, 164 Euphrates, 40,42,327 Europe, 61; and Asia, 233, 356. 362 Eurotas, 78
Eurybiades, 258, 267, 277,302 Eurvmedon, 363 Ezekiel, 229
Fertile Crescent, 6, 14 financial administration, 58 fire and royal greatness, 36—7 food, 88, 286-8
foundation myths, 99-100, 100 freedom, 88-9,138, 139-40, 201, 354
games, 112, 113, 148 Gandhara, 17 gardens, 213, 239,312-13 Gaumata.31,33, 54
Gelon, 232-3, 247; defeat of Carthage, 329 Gobryas, 27, 56, 178
gods: Athens, 101, 109, 111, 189, 219,251; attitude of Darius, 55-6; Babylon, 39-40,44-5; Judaea, 147, 148; Persia, 32,35,37,149; Sardis, 143; Sparta, 69, 79, 94-5
good governance
(eunomia),
66, 107, 108
Gorgo, 158,181,223
Great Panathenaea, 112, 116, 261,385
Greece/Greeks, xvi, xxi-xxii, 33, 66-7,98,148,330; and barbarians, 233; congress in Athens, 366; fleet at Salamis, 302, 304, 309; good governance
(eutumia),
66-7; luxury, 232; and Phoenicians, 229-30,233; spies, 233, 235,235-6, 270; in the West, 230, 231. 232; Xerxes' invasion
see
Xerxes,
invasion of Greece,
see also
Athens; Corinth;
Sparta Green, Peter, xxii—xxiii GulfofMalis, 262, 264,269 Gythion, 157
Halicarnassus, 297, 308, 324 Halys, 6
Harmodius, 126-7; statue in Agora, 139—40 Harpagus, II, 12, 14, 175; campaign against the
Ionians, 15-16; command of Persian forces, 15 Helen of Sparta, 65-6, 67-8, 83, 86, 157, 261; birth,
355, 369 Hellenion. 227, 232
Hellespont, 209,360; crossing by Xerxes, 212, 213,
225, 242-4,329; Persian garrison, 362 Helos, 73 helots, 73, 85, 355 Hephaestus, 101 Heracles, 68, 90, 99, 259 Heraclids, 24, 68,72 Herodotus, xv, xvi—xvii, xxiv, 244 Himera,, 329 Hindu Kush, 16, 17
Hipparchus, 122, 124-5, 126-8; and Artaphernes, 163, 216; exile, 216; and Homer, 260-1; as poet, 260
Hippeis, 88, 259, 334
Hippias, 122, 124-5, 126-8, 134, 142, 159, 185; and Cleomenes, 129—30; invasion of Athens by Persians, 185-6,199
Histiaeus, 152, 1XM, 174, 175-6
Homer, 260-1, 262;
The Iliad,
294
homocide, 85,86
kopla
(shields), 70
hoplites, 70, 72, 76, 274
horses, 5,109
hubris,
355-6, 356
Hydarnes, 52
Hydarnes (the younger), 288, 291,293 Hystaspes, 53
Immortals, 275, 282, 288, 291, 294 India, 29,61-2,211, 237 Indus, 61 infanticide, 81—2
Ionia, 65, 228, 230,363; and Artaphernes, 149-50, 176-7; battle of Salamis, 321; coinage, 104; defeat by Persians, 15-16, 162. 167, 169; demand for democracy, 154, 155; devastation after defeat, 176; attitude to 'barbarians', 150-1; map, 156; news of I'ausanias' victory, 357; peace and order, 176-7; sea defeat at Lade, 308; seamanship, 235; taste for the exotic, 148
Iraq, 18
Isagoras, 131, 132, 134, 137 Ischia, 230 Ishtar, 47
Isthmus, 244, 246,300, 310; return of the Greek fleet, 302
Italy, 152, 230
Jaxartes, 18, 377 Jeremiah, 40
Jerusalem,
40,41, 147 Judaeans, 40, 147-8