60
| Beijing, 17 April 1962, 96-2-22, p. 6.
|
61
| Hebei, 1 July 1961, 979-3-864, pp. 4–5.
|
62
| Hebei, 1962, 979-3-870, p. 7; see also Hebei, 13 July 1962, 979-3-871, pp. 1–22, for a much lower figure for the increase in alkaline land.
|
63
| Report by Liu Jianxun, 24 Dec. 1961, Hunan, 141-2-142, p. 225.
|
64
| Report by Hu Yaobang, 1 Oct. 1961, Hunan, 141-2-138, pp. 186–7.
|
65
| Report by Hua Shan, 9 May 1962, Shandong, A1-2-1125, pp. 5–7.
|
66
| Gansu, 9 March 1960, zhongfa (60) 258, 91-18-154, pp. 254–5.
|
67
| Beijing, 17 Sept. 1959, 2-11-145, pp. 3–6.
|
68
| Gansu, 9 March 1960, zhongfa (60) 258, 91-18-154, pp. 254–5.
|
69
| Gansu, 24 Feb. 1960, 91-18-177, pp. 14–17.
|
70
| Gansu, 9 March 1960, zhongfa (60) 258, 91-18-154, pp. 254–5.
|
71
| Nanjing, 22 Nov. 1960, 5065-3-395, pp. 35–52.
|
72
| Report by Mao Qihua, Gansu, 4 Sept. 1960, zhongfa (60) 825, 91-18-154, p. 104.
|
73
| Shanghai, Oct. 1961, B29-2-954, p. 57.
|
76
| Hubei, 10 Jan. 1961, SZ34-5-45, pp. 22–4; 23 Jan. 1961, SZ1-2-906, p. 17.
|
77
| Klochko,
Soviet Scientist
, pp. 71–3.
|
78
| Nanjing, 18 March 1959, 5065-3-367, pp. 20–2; 25 March 1959, 5003-3-721, pp. 8–9.
|
79
| Shanghai, 1959, A70-1-82, p. 9.
|
80
| Shapiro,
Mao’s War on Nature
, p. 88.
|
81
| Hubei, 8 and 25 July 1961, SZ18-2-202, pp. 78 and 101.
|
82
| Nanjing, 24 Oct. 1960, 4003-1-203, pp. 20–1.
|
83
| Zhejiang, 29 Jan. 1961, J116-15-115, p. 11.
|
Chapter 22: Feasting through Famine
1
| James R. Townsend and Brantly Womack,
Politics in China
, Boston: Little, Brown, 1986, p. 86.
|
2
| Tiejun Cheng and Mark Selden, ‘The Construction of Spatial Hierarchies: China’s
hukou
and
danwei
Systems’, in Timothy Cheek and Tony Saich (eds),
New Perspectives on State Socialism in China
, Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1997, pp. 23–50.
|
3
| Guangdong, 15 March 1962, 300-1-215, pp. 205–7.
|
4
| Li,
Private Life of Chairman Mao
, pp. 78–9.
|
5
| Fu Zhengyuan,
Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics
, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 238.
|
6
| Lu,
Cadres and Corruption
, p. 86.
|
7
| Shanghai, 1961, B50-2-324, pp. 15–24.
|
8
| Neibu cankao
, 25 Nov. 1960, pp. 11–12.
|
9
| Neibu cankao
, 6 March 1961, p. 5.
|
10
| Neibu cankao
, 22 Feb. 1961, pp. 13–14.
|
11
| Guangdong, 5 Sept. 1960, 231-1-242, pp. 72–7.
|
12
| Guangdong, 18 June 1960, 231-1-242, pp. 63–5.
|
13
| Guangdong, 10 Dec. 1960, 217-1-643, pp. 44–9.
|
15
| Guangdong, 24 July 1959, 217-1-497, pp. 61–3.
|
16
| Guangdong, 1961, 217-1-116, p. 48.
|
17
| Guangdong, 26 June 1959, 217-1-69, pp. 33–8.
|
18
| PRO, London, 15 Nov. 1959, FO371-133462.
|
19
| Shanghai, 8 Oct. 1960, A20-1-10, pp. 19 ff.
|
20
| Hebei, 8 May 1959, 855-5-1758, pp. 97–8.
|
21
| Beijing, 14 Feb. 1959, 1-14-573, p. 65.
|
22
| Shanghai, 27 Jan. 1961, A36-1-246, pp. 9–17.
|
Chapter 23: Wheeling and Dealing
1
| Shanghai, 20 Dec. 1960, A36-2-447, pp. 64–5.
|
2
| Neibu cankao
, 2 June 1960, pp. 14–15.
|
3
| Neibu cankao
, 16 Nov. 1960, pp. 11–13.
|
4
| Shanghai, Feb. 1961, A36-2-447, p. 22.
|
5
| Guangdong, Nov. 1960, 288-1-115, p. 1.
|
6
| Neibu cankao
, 16 Nov. 1960, pp. 11–13.
|
7
| Guangdong, 9 Feb. 1961, 235-1-255, pp. 39–40.
|
8
| Guangdong, 5 Dec. 1961, 235-1-259, p. 75.
|
9
| Nanjing, 27 May 1959, 4003-1-279, p. 242.
|
10
| Neibu cankao
, 25 Nov. 1960, pp. 13–15.
|
11
| Gansu, 24 Oct. 1960, zhongfa (60) 865, 91-18-164, pp. 169–72.
|
12
| Report from Ministry of Finance, Gansu, 5 Nov. 1960, zhongfa (60) 993, 91-18-160, pp. 275–80.
|
13
| Neibu cankao
, 7 Dec. 1960, pp. 14–15.
|
14
| Speech at Beidaihe, Gansu, 11 Aug. 1961, 91-18-561, pp. 51 and 55.
|
15
| Report from Ministry of Finance, Gansu, 5 Nov. 1960, zhongfa (60) 993, 91-18-160, pp. 275–80.
|
16
| Neibu cankao
, 8 Aug. 1960, pp. 5–7.
|
17
| Hebei, 19 April 1959, 855-5-1758, pp. 105–6.
|
18
| Beijing, 23 June 1961, 1-5-376, pp. 4–10.
|
19
| Nanjing, Aug. 1960, 4003-1-199, p. 19.
|
20
| Nanjing, 14 Aug. 1960, 4003-1-199, pp. 1–4.
|
21
| Neibu cankao
, 25 Nov. 1960, pp. 12–13; 30 Dec. 1960, pp. 10–11.
|
22
| Beijing, 27 April 1961, 1-28-30, pp. 1–4.
|
23
| Shanghai, 7 Aug. 1961, A20-1-60, pp. 181–5.
|
24
| Beijing, 28 Nov. 1960, 101-1-138, pp. 13–29.
|
25
| Shanghai, 28 March 1959, B29-1-34, pp. 48–9.
|
26
| Neibu cankao
, 26 Dec. 1960, pp. 10–11.
|
27
| Neibu cankao
, 17 May 1961, p. 22.
|
28
| Guangdong, 23 Jan. 1961, 217-1-644, pp. 10–12.
|
29
| Guangzhou, 24 Feb. 1961, 92-1-275, p. 74.
|
30
| Nanjing, 1 Sept. 1959, 5003-3-722, p. 89.
|
31
| Hunan, 15 Jan. 1961, 146-1-580, p. 15.
|
32
| For a description see Dennis L. Chinn, ‘Basic Commodity Distribution in the People’s Republic of China’,
China Quarterly
, no. 84 (Dec. 1980), pp. 744–54.
|
33
| Neibu cankao
, 18 Aug. 1960, p. 16.
|
34
| Guangdong, 9 Feb. 1961, 235-1-259, pp. 39–40.
|
35
| Neibu cankao
, 7 Dec. 1960, p. 24.
|
36
| Guangdong, 9 Feb. 1961, 235-1-259, pp. 39–40.
|
37
| Beijing, 29 Dec. 1960, 2-12-262, pp. 18–20.
|
38
| Hunan, 13 June 1961, 163-1-1109, pp. 21–2.
|
39
| MfAA, Berlin, March–April 1961, A17009, pp. 3–4.
|
40
| Neibu cankao
, 23 Jan. 1961, pp. 10–11; 6 Feb. 1962, pp. 5–6.
|
41
| See also Jeremy Brown, ‘Great Leap City: Surviving the Famine in Tianjin’, in Kimberley E. Manning and Felix Wemheuer (eds),
New Perspectives on China’s Great Leap Forward and Great Famine
, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2010.
|
42
| MfAA, Berlin, 6 Sept. 1962, A6862, p. 8.
|
43
| Hubei, 7 Aug. 1961 and July 1962, SZ29-1-13, pp. 73–4 and 76–7.
|
44
| Sichuan, 16 Aug. and 12 Sept. 1962, JC44-3918, pp. 105–7 and 117–19.
|
45
| Hubei, 18 Sept. 1961, SZ18-2-199, pp. 6–7.
|
46
| Hebei, 6 May 1959, 855-5-1744, pp. 101–3.
|
47
| Sichuan, 1962, JC1-3047, pp. 1–2.
|
48
| Shandong, 10 Aug. 1959, A1-2-776, p. 72.
|
Chapter 24: On the Sly
1
| Hunan, 12 Feb. 1961, 151-1-20, pp. 32–3.
|