Read Mao's Great Famine Online
Authors: Frank Dikötter
| 10 | Chester J. Cheng (ed.), The Politics of the Chinese Red Army , Stanford: Hoover Institution Publications, 1966, pp. 117–23. |
| 11 | Zhonggong zhongyang wenxian yanjiushi (eds), Jianguo yilai zhongyao wen-xian xuanbian , Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian chubanshe, 1992, vol. 13, pp. 660–76. |
| 12 | Bo, Ruogan zhongda shijian , pp. 893–6. |
| 13 | Li, Private Life of Chairman Mao , p. 339. |
| 14 | Speech by Liu Shaoqi, Gansu, 20 Jan. 1961, 91-6-79, pp. 46–51 and 103–7. |
| 15 | Speech by Mao Zedong, Gansu, 18 Jan. 1961, 91-6-79, p. 4. |
| 16 | Huang, Liu Shaoqi yisheng , pp. 346–8; Huang, Wang Guangmei fangtan lu , pp. 225–6 and 240. |
| 17 | Liu Shaoqi conversations on 25, 28 and 30 April 1961, Hunan, 141-1-1873, pp. 106–50; see also Huang, Wang Guangmei fangtan lu , pp. 238–40; Jin and Huang, Liu Shaoqi zhuan , pp. 865–6. |
| 18 | Jin and Huang, Liu Shaoqi zhuan , p. 874. |
| 19 | Letter by Liu Shaoqi, Gansu, April–May 1961, 91-4-889, pp. 2–4. |
| 20 | Liu Shaoqi, 31 May 1961, Gansu, 91-6-81, pp. 69–73. |
| 21 | Jin, Zhou Enlai zhuan , pp. 1441–2. |
| 22 | Speech by Li Fuchun at the Ninth Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee, Hunan, 14 Jan. 1961, zhongfa (61) 52, 186-1-505, pp. 1–28. |
| 23 | Speech by Li Fuchun, Hunan, 17 July 1961, 186-1-584, pp. 7 and 13. |
| 24 | Documents from Beidaihe conference, Hunan, 11 Aug. 1961, 186-1-584, pp. 38–48, 125, 134 and 152. |
| 25 | Li, Private Life of Chairman Mao , p. 380. |
Chapter 17: Agriculture
| 1 | Jean C. Oi, State and Peasant in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government , Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, pp. 48–9. |
| 2 | Hebei, 11 April 1961, 878-1-14, pp. 56–8. |
| 3 | Yunnan, 29 July 1958, 2-1-3102, pp. 16–22. |
| 4 | Kenneth R. Walker, Food Grain Procurement and Consumption in China , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. |
| 5 | The plan for 1959–60 with the procurement figures broken down by province are in Gansu, 31 July 1959, zhongfa (59) 645, 91-18-117, p. 105. |
| 6 | Zhejiang, 16 July 1961, J132-13-7, pp. 22–8, quoted in Yang Jisheng, Mubei: Zhongguo liushi niandai dajihuang jishi (Gravestone: A true history of the great famine in China in the 1960s), Hong Kong: Tiandi tushu youxian gongsi, 2008, p. 418; compare this with Yang’s statistics on p. 417. |
| 7 | Guizhou, 1962, 90-1-2706, printed page 3; rough equivalents of these percentages are also found in more detailed estimates at the county level, for instance in the case of Zunyi county (26.5 per cent in 1957, 46.3 per cent in 1958, 47 per cent in 1959 and 54.7 per cent in 1960), Guizhou, 1962, 90-1-2708, printed page 7; the same file contains many other similar examples, some with procurement rates up to 80 per cent; for the Bureau of Grain, see Yang, Mubei , p. 540. |
| 8 | Speech on 25 March 1959, Gansu, 19-18-494, pp. 44–6. |
| 9 | Zhejiang, 16 July 1961, J132-13-7, pp. 22–8; compare with Yang, Mubei , p. 540. |
| 10 | Report from the State Council, Gansu, 15 June 1960, zhongfa (60) 547, 91-18-160, pp. 208–12. |
| 11 | Guangdong, 10 Aug. 1961, 219-2-318, pp. 9–16. |
| 12 | Deng Xiaoping speech on 11 Dec. 1961, Hunan, 141-2-138, p. 43. |
| 13 | Speech on 25 March 1959, Gansu, 19-18-494, p. 48. |
| 14 | Shanghai, 4 April 1961, B6-2-392, pp. 20 ff. |
| 15 | Shanghai, 8 July 1958, B29-2-97, p. 17. |
| 16 | Oi, State and Peasant in Contemporary China , pp. 53–5. |
| 17 | For the policy document and for an example from Hunan, see Hunan, 3 Nov. and 1 Dec. 1959, 146-1-483, pp. 9, 18–20 and 86. |
| 18 | Zhejiang, Jan. 1961, J116-15-10, pp. 1–14. |
| 19 | Guangdong, 7 Jan. 1961, 217-1-643, pp. 120–2. |
| 20 | Guangdong, 2 Jan. 1961, 217-1-643, pp. 61–6. |
| 21 | Speech on 30 Aug. 1958, Hunan, 141-1-1036, p. 38. A mu is equivalent to 0.0667 of a hectare. |
| 22 | Hunan, 1964, 187-1-1355, p. 64. |
| 23 | Zhejiang, 1961, J116-15-139, p. 1; 29 Jan. 1961, J116-15-115, p. 29. |
| 24 | Hubei, 13 Jan. 1961, SZ18-2-200, p. 27. |
| 25 | Gansu, 20 June 1959, 91-18-539, p. 35. |
| 26 | Gansu, 12 Feb. 1961, 91-18-209, p. 246; Walker estimated the sown area for 1958 at 130 million hectares, Walker, Food Grain Procurement , p. 147. |
| 27 | Walker, Food Grain Procurement , pp. 21–2. |
| 28 | Guangdong, 1 March 1961, 235-1-259, pp. 23–5. |
| 29 | Yunnan, 20 Sept. 1961, 120-1-193, pp. 85–92. |
| 30 | Gansu, 20 Feb. 1961, zhongfa (61) 145, 91-18-211, p. 91. |
| 31 | Guangdong, 1 March 1961, 235-1-259, pp. 23–5. |
| 32 | Hunan, 15 Nov. 1960, 163-1-1082, p. 106. |
| 33 | Yunnan, 6 Feb. 1961, 120-1-193, pp. 108–9. |
| 34 | Beijing, 29 Nov. and 10 Dec. 1960, 2-12-262, pp. 21–3. |
| 35 | Yunnan, 14 Dec. 1960 and 20 Sept. 1961, 120-1-193, pp. 85–92 and 112–15. |
| 36 | Gansu, 20 Feb. 1961, zhongfa (61) 145, 91-18-211, p. 92. |
| 37 | Yunnan, 14 Dec. 1960, 120-1-193, pp. 112–15. |
| 38 | Hunan, 20 Aug. 1959, 141-1-1259, pp. 51–2. |
| 39 | MfAA, Berlin, 1962, A6860, p. 100. |
| 40 | Zhejiang, 29 Jan. 1961, J116-15-115, p. 12. |
| 41 | Guangdong, 15 March 1961, 217-1-119, p. 78. |
| 42 | MfAA, Berlin, 1962, A6792, p. 136. |
| 43 | Hunan, 6 Nov. 1961, 141-1-1914, pp. 48–52. |
| 44 | Yunnan, 1962, 81-7-86, p. 13. |
| 45 | Hunan, 19 Feb. 1959, 163-1-1052, pp. 82–7. |
| 46 | Report by Qian Zhiguang, minister for the textile industry, Hunan, 11 Aug. 1961, 186-1-584, p. 107. |
| 47 | Guangzhou, 28 Feb. 1961, 6-1-103, pp. 3–4. |
| 48 | Beijing, 8 Jan. 1962, 2-13-138, pp. 1–3. |
| 49 | Report by Hu Yaobang on 1 Oct. 1961, Hunan, 141-2-138, p. 197. |
| 50 | Hebei, 1962, 979-3-870, pp. 1–30. |
| 51 | Hunan, 15 March 1959, 141-1-1158, p. 140. |
| 52 | Guangdong, 3 July 1959, 217-1-69, pp. 74–5. |
| 53 | Guangdong, 12 Oct. 1961, 235-1-259, p. 13. |
| 54 | Zhejiang, 29 Jan. 1961, J116-15-115, pp. 16–21. |
| 55 | Hunan, 15 Jan. 1961, 146-1-580, p. 13. |
| 56 | Guangdong, 20 May 1961, 217-1-210, pp. 82–7. |
| 57 | Zhejiang, 29 Jan. 1961, J116-15-115, pp. 16–21. |
| 58 | Conversation between Li Jingquan and Zhou Enlai in the premier’s office on 1 April 1962, Sichuan, JC1-3198, p. 33. |
| 59 | Shanghai, 1961, B181-1-510, pp. 17–20. |
| 60 | Beijing, 31 July 1962, 1-9-439, pp. 1–4. |
| 61 | Report from Moscow embassy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing, 18 Sept. 1958, 109-1213-14, p. 142. |
| 62 | Zhejiang, 21 March 1960, J002-3-3, p. 34. |
| 63 | Shanghai, 1961, B181-1-510, p. 7. |
| 64 | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing, 10 April 1959, 109-1907-8, p. 100; also speech on 25 March 1959, Gansu, 19-18-494, p. 46. |
| 65 | Shanghai, 1961, B29-2-980, p. 143. |
| 66 | Guangdong, 16 Sept. 1961, 235-1-259, p. 71. |
| 67 | Zhejiang, 29 Jan. 1961, J116-15-115, pp. 5 and 16. |
| 68 | Xuancheng, 17 May 1961, 3-1-257, pp. 127–31. |
| 69 | Shanghai, 1961, B181-1-511, p. 25. |
| 70 | Hunan, 11 Aug. 1961, 186-1-584, p. 134. |