Read Herbal Antibiotics: Natural Alternatives for Treating Drug-Resistant Bacteria Online
Authors: Stephen Harrod Buhner
Tags: #Medical, #Health & Fitness, #Infectious Diseases, #Herbal Medications, #Healing, #Alternative Medicine
Faustova, N. M., et al. Antibacterial activity of aspen bark extracts against some pneumotropic microorganisms.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol
3 (2006): 3â7.
Feng, J., et al. New dibenzofuran and anthraquinone from
Usnea longissima
.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
34, no. 7 (2009): 852â53.
Feng, J., et al. Studies on chemical constituents from herbs of
Usnea longissima
.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
34, no. 6 (2009): 708â11.
Fisher, K., et al. The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of
Campylobacter jejuni
,
Escherichia coli
O157,
Listeria monocytogenes
,
Bacillus cereus
and
Staphylococcus aureus
in vitro and in food systems.
J Appl Microbiol
101, no. 6 (2006): 1232â40.
Foti, R. S., et al. Metabolism and related human risk factors for hepatic damage by usnic acid containing nutritional supplements.
Xenobiotica
38, no. 3 (2008): 264â80.
Francolini, I., et al. Usnic acid, a natural antimicrobial agent able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation on polymer surfaces.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
48, no. 11 (2004): 4360â65.
Frankos, V. H.
NTP nomination for usnic acid and Usnea barbata herb.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Division of Dietary Supplement Programs, January 2005.
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/Chem_Background/ExSumPdf/UsnicAcid.pdf
.
Frederich, M., et al. Potential antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids.
Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg
102 (2008): 11â19.
Gangoué-Piéboji, J., et al. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against beta-lactam-resistant bacteria.
J Infect Dev Ctries
3, no. 9 (2009): 671â80.
Gauslaa, Y., et al. Size-dependent growth of two old-growth associated macrolichen species.
New Phytol
181, no. 3 (2009): 683â92.
Gibbons, S. Phytochemicals for bacterial resistanceâstrengths, weaknesses and opportunities.
Planta Med
74, no. 6 (2008): 594â602.
Gonçalves, F. A., et al. Antibacterial activity of guava,
Psidium guajava
Linnaeus, leaf extracts on diarrhea-causing enteric bacteria isolated from Seabob shrimp,
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
(Heller).
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
50, no. 1 (2008): 11â15.
Graz, B., et al.
Argemone mexicana
decoction versus artesunate-amodiaquine for the management of malaria in Mali: policy and public-health implications.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg
104, no. 1 (2010): 33â41.
Guevara, J. M., et al. The in vitro action of plants on
Vibrio cholerae
.
Rev Gastroenterol Peru
14, no. 1 (1994): 27â31.
Guo, L., et al. Review of usnic acid and
Usnea barbata
toxicity.
J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev
26, no. 4 (2008): 317â38.
Halici, M., et al. Effects of water extract of
Usnea longissima
on antioxidant enzyme activity and mucosal damage caused by indomethacin in rats.
Phytomedicine
12, no. 9 (2005): 656â62.
Han, D., et al. Usnic acid-induced necrosis of cultured mouse hepatocytes: inhibition of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress.
Biochem Pharmacol
67, no. 3 (2004): 439â51.
He, X., et al. Anti-mutagenic lichen extract has double-edged effect on azoxymethane-induced colorectal oncogenesis in C57BL/6J mice.
Toxicol Mech Methods
20, no. 1 (2010): 31â35.
Honda, N. K., et al. Antimycobacterial activity of lichen substances.
Phytomedicine
17, no. 5 (2010): 328â32.
Hör, M., et al. Inhibition of intestinal chloride secretion by proanthocyanidins from
Guazuma ulmifolia
.
Planta Med
61, no. 3 (1995): 208â12.
Hsu, L. M., et al. “Fat burner” herb, usnic acid, induced acute hepatitis in a family.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol
20, no. 7 (2005): 1138â39.
Ji, X. Quantitative determination of usnic acid in
Usnea
lichen and its products by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector.
J AOAC
88, no. 5 (2005): 1256â58.
Jin, J. Q., et al. Down-regulatory effect of usnic acid on nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.
Phytother Res
22, no. 12 (2008): 1605â9.
Jin, J., et al. The study on skin wound healing promoting action of sodium usnic acid.
Zhong Yao Cai
28, no. 2 (2005): 109â11.
Kathirgamanathar, S., et al. Beta-orcinol depsidones from the lichen
Usnea
sp. from Sri Lanka.
Nat Prod Res
19, no. 7 (2005): 695â701.
Kaur, K., et al. Antimalarials from nature.
Bioorg Med Chem
17, no. 9 (2009): 3229â56.
Knight, K. P., et al. Influence of cinnamon and clove essential oil on the D- and z-values of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in apple cider.
J Food Prod
70, no. 9 (2007): 2089â94.
Koparal, A. T., et al. In vitro cytotoxic activities of (+)-usnic acid and (-)-usnic acid on V79, A549, and human lymphocyte cells and their non-genotoxicity on human lymphocytes.
Nat Prod Res
20, no. 14 (2006): 1300â1307.
Kristinsson, K. G., et al. Effective treatment of experimental acute otitis media by application of volatile fluids into the ear canal.
J Infect Dis
191, no. 11 (2005): 1876â80.
Lee, J. A., et al. Effect of (+)-usnic acid on mitochondrial functions as measured by mitochondria-specific oligonucleotide microarray in liver of B6CF1 mice.
Mitochondrion
9, no. 2 (2009): 149â58.
Lee, K. A., et al. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of methanol extract of
Usnea longissima
.
Phytother Res
19, no. 12 (2005): 1061â64.
Léon, I., et al. Pentasaccharide glycosides from the roots of
Ipomoea murucoides
.
J Nat Prod
68, no. 8 (2005): 1141â46.
Leonard, D. B. Medicine at your feet: plants and food:
Usnea
spp. On the website of Medicine at Your Feet, produced by David Bruce Leonard, L. Ac.
http://medicineatyourfeet.com/usneaspp.html
(accessed January 21, 2011).
Lewis, K. In search of natural substrates and inhibitors of MDR pumps.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol
3, no. 2 (2001): 247â54.
Lohézic,-Le, D. F., et al. Stictic acid derivatives from the lichen
Usnea articulata
and their antioxidant activities.
J Nat Prod
70, no. 7 (2007): 1218â20.
Lounasmaa, M., et al. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a nonrearranged monoterpenoid unit.
Nat Prod Rep
17 (2000): 175â91.
Madamombe, I. T., et al. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of extracts from South African
Usnea barbata
.
Pharm Bio
41, no. 3 (2003): 199â202.
Marcano, V., et al. Occurrence of usnic acid in
Usnea laevis
Nylander (lichenized ascomycetes) from the Venezuelan Andes.
J Ethnopharmacol
66, no. 3 (1999): 343â46.
Mathabe, M. C., et al. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
J Ethnopharmacol
105, no. 1â2 (2006): 286â93.
Mayer, M., et al. Usnic acid: a non-genotoxic compound with anti-cancer properties.
Anticancer Drugs
16, no. 8 (2005): 805â9.
Morinaga, N., et al. Differential activities of plant polyphenols on the binding and internalization of cholera toxin in vero cells.
J Biol Chem
280, no. 24 (2005): 23303â9.
Muñoz-Ochoa, M., et al. Screening of extracts of algae from Baja California sur, Mexico as reversers of the antibiotic resistance of some pathogenic bacteria.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci
14, no. 9 (2010): 739â47.
Nagy, Maria M. Quorum sensing inhibitory activities of various folk-medicinal plants and the thyme-tetracycline effect. PhD diss., Georgia State University, December 14, 2010.
http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/90
.
Neff, G. W., et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid.
J Hepatol
41, no. 6 (2004): 1062â64.
Nishikawa, Y., et al. Studies on the water soluble constituents of lichens. II. Antitumor polysaccharides of
Lasallia
,
Usnea
, and
Cladonia
species.
Chem Pharm Bull
(Tokyo) 22, no. 11 (1974): 2692â702.
Nybakken, L., et al. Forest successional stage affects the cortical secondary chemistry of three old forest lichens.
J Chem Ecol
33, no. 8 (2007): 1607â18.
O'Neill, M. A., et al. Does usnic acid affect microtubules in human cancer cells?
Braz J Biol
70, no. 3 (2010): 659â64.
Odabasoglu, F., et al. Comparison of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three lichen species.
Phytother Res
18, no. 11 (2004): 938â41.
Odabasoglu, F., et al. Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of usnic acid on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
J Ethnopharmacol
103, no. 1 (2006): 59â65.
Ofuji, K., et al. Effects of an antidiarrhoeica containing an extract from geranium herb on astringent action and short-circuit current across jejunal mucosa.
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi
111, no. 4 (1998): 265â75.
Oi, H., et al. Identification in traditional herbal medications and confirmation by synthesis of factors that inhibit cholera toxin-induced fluid accumulation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
99, no. 5 (2002): 3042â46.
Okuyama, E., et al. Usnic acid and diffractaic acid as analgesic and antipyretic components of
Usnea diffracta
.
Planta Med
61, no. 2 (1995): 113â15.
Oliveira, A. B., et al. Plant-derived antimalarial agents: new leads and efficient phytomedicines.
An Acad Bras Cienc
81, no. 4 (2009): 716â40.
Ordoñez, A. A., et al. Design and quality control of pharmaceutical formulation containing natural products with antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties.
Int J Pharm
378, no. 1â2 (2009): 51â58.
Otniukova, T. N., et al. Lichens on branches of Siberian fir (
Abies sibirica
Ladeb) as indicators of atmospheric pollution in forests.
Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol
4 (2008): 479â90.
Oussalah, M., et al. Mechanism of action of Spanish oregano, Chinese cinnamon, and savory essential oils against cell membranes and walls of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 and
Listeria monocytogenes
.
J Food Prod
69, no. 5 (2006): 1046â55.
Palaniappan, K., et al. Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant bacteria.
Int J Food Microbiol
140, no. 2â3 (2010): 164â68.
Paranagama, P. A., et al. Heptaketides from
Corynespora
sp. inhabitating the cavern beard lichen,
Usnea cavernosa
: first report of metabolites of an endolichenic fungus.
J Nat Prod
70, no. 11 (2007): 1700â1705.
Pereda-Miranda, R., et al. Polyacylated oligosaccharides from medicinal Mexican morning glory species as antibacterials and inhibitors of multidrug resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus
.
J Nat Prod
69, no. 3 (2006): 406â9.
Periera, E. C., et al. Analysis of
Usnea fasciata
crude extracts with antineoplastic activity.
Tokai J Exp Clin Med
19, no. 1â2 (1994): 47â52.
Plouzek, C. A., et al. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity and reversal of multidrug resistance in vitro by rosemary extract.
Eur J Cancer
35, no. 10 (1999): 1541â45.
Pramyothin, P., et al. Hepatotoxic effect of (+) usnic acid from
Usnea siamensis
Wainio in rats, isolated rat hepatocytes and isolated rat liver mitochondria.
J Ethnopharmacol
90, no. 2â3 (2004): 381â87.
Preuss, H. G., et al. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of herbal essential oils and monolaurin for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Mol Cell Biochem
272, no. 1â2 (2005): 29â34.
Rahim, N., et al. Antibacterial activity of
Psidium guajava
leaf and bark against multidrug-resistant
Vibrio cholerae
: implication for cholera control.
Jpn J Infect Dis
63, no. 4 (2010): 271â74.
Rezanka, T., et al. Hirtusneanoside, an unsymmetrical dimeric tetrahydroxanthone from the lichen
Usnea hirta
.
J Nat Prod
70, no. 9 (2007): 1487â91.
Ribeiro-Costa, R. M., et al. In vitro and in vivo properties of usnic acid encapsulated into PLGA-microspheres.
J Microencapsul
21, no. 4 (2004): 371â84.
Rukayadi, Y., et al. Screening of Thai medicinal plants for anticandidal activity.
Mycoses
51, no. 4 (2008): 308â12.
Saenz, M. T., et al. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical studies of some lichens from south of Spain.
Fitoterapia
77, no. 3 (2006): 156â59.
Safak, B., et al. In vitro anti-
Helicobacter pylori
activity of usnic acid.
Phytother Res
23, no. 7 (2009): 955â57.
Salari, M. H., et al. Antibacterial effects of
Eucalyptus globulus
leaf extract on pathological bacteria isolated from specimens of patients with respiratory tract disorders.
Clin Microbiol Infect
12, no. 2 (2006): 194â96.
Sánchez, E., et al. Extracts of edible and medicinal plants damage membranes of
Vibrio cholerae
.
Appl Environ Microbiol
76, no. 20 (2010): 6888â94.
Sanchez, W., et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with use of a dietary supplement containing usnic acid.
Mayo Clin Proc
81, no. 4 (2006): 541â44.