Herbal Antibiotics: Natural Alternatives for Treating Drug-Resistant Bacteria (60 page)

2.
Denis Campbell and Anushka Asthana, “The ‘Catalogue of Errors' That Cost This Father His Life,”
The Guardian
, November 27, 2010.

3.
“‘The NHS Failed My Mum,' Says Distraught Daughter,”
Grantham Journal
, December 14, 2010.

1.
W. J. Powell, “Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance,” technical report #14, Feb. 2000. Online at
http://foodsafety.ksu.edu/articles/280/molecular_mechanisms_anti-mic_resist.pdf
,
page 2
.

2.
Stuart Levy,
The Antibiotic Paradox
(NY: Plenum Press, 1992), 94.

3.
Ibid., 75.

4.
Ibid., 3.

5.
Ibid.

6.
Quoted in Barbara Griggs,
Green Pharmacy
(Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 1991), 261.

7.
Brad Spellberg,
Rising Plague
(NY: Prometheus, 2009), 36–37.

8.
R. L. Berkelman and J. M. Hughes, “The Conquest of Infectious Diseases: Who Are We Kidding?”
Annals of Internal Medicine
119, no. 5 (1993): 426–27.

9.
Marc Lappé,
When Antibiotics Fail
(Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1995), 187.

10.
Steven Projan, “Antibacteria Drug Discovery in the 21st Century,” in Richard Wax et al.,
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials,
second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008), 413.

11.
David Hooper, “Target Modification as a Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance,” in Richard Wax et al.,
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials,
second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008), 134.

12.
Harry Taber, “Antibiotic Permeability,” in Richard Wax et al.,
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials,
second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008), 172.

13.
Rob Stein, “New ‘Superbugs' Raising Concerns Worldwide,”
Washington Post
, October 11, 2010.

14.
Olga Lomovskaya et al., “Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Structure, Mechanism, and Inhibition,” in Richard Wax et al.,
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials,
second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008), 46.

15.
C. Werry, “Contamination of Detergent Cleaning Solutions during Hospital Cleaning,”
Journal of Hospital Infection
11, no. 1 (1988): 44–49.

16.
W. J. Powell, “Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance,” technical report #14, Feb. 2000. Online at
http://foodsafety.ksu.edu/articles/280/molecular_mechanisms_antimic_resist.pdf
.

17.
Abigail Salyers et al., “Ecology of Antibiotic Resistant Genes,” in Richard Wax et al.,
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials,
second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008), 11.

18.
Stuart Levy,
The Antibiotic Paradox
(NY: Plenum Press, 1992), 101.

19.
Ibid., 87.

20.
Quoted in Philip Frappaolo, “Risks to Human Health from the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Feeds,” in William Moats (ed.),
Agricultural Uses of Antibiotics
(American Chemical Society, 1986), 102.

21.
Quoted in W. J. Powell, “Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance,” technical report #14, Feb. 2000. Online at
http://foodsafety.ksu.edu/articles/280/molecular_mechanisms_antimic_resist.pdf
.

22.
W. J. Powell, “Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance,” technical report #14, Feb. 2000. Online at
http://foodsafety.ksu.edu/articles/280/molecular_mechanisms_antimic_resist.pdf
.

23.
“Staph Bacteria: Blood-Sucking Superbug Prefers the Taste of Humans,”
Science Daily
, December 22, 2010.

24.
Infectious Diseases Society of America, “Facts about Antibiotic Resistance,” April 2011,
http://www.idsociety.org/AR_Facts/
.

25.
Quoted in Philip Hilts, “Gene Jumps to Spread a Toxin in Meat,”
New York Times
, April 23, 1996.

26.
Maggie Fox, “Modern Life Comes with Disease Price Tag,” Reuters, AOL Online, September 20, 2000.

27.
Brandon Keim, “Antibiotics Breed Superbugs Faster Than Expected,” Wired.com, December 22, 2010.

28.
Nicols Fox,
Spoiled: The Dangerous Truth about a Food Chain Gone Haywire
(NY: Penguin, 1998), 122.

29.
Marissa Cevallos, “Meat Contaminated with Resistant Bacteria,” LATimes.com, April 15, 2011.

30.
Stuart Levy,
The Antibiotic Paradox
(NY: Plenum, 1992), 183.

31.
Sarah Bosley, “Are You Ready for a World without Antibiotics?,”
The Guardian
, August 12, 2010.

32.
Jeffrey Fisher,
The Plague Makers
(NY: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 90.

33.
C. G. Daughton and T. A. Ternes, “Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Agents of Subtle Change?”
Environmental Health Perspectives
107, suppl. 6 (1999), 907–38; see also Janet Raloff, “Waterways Carry Antibiotic Resistance,”
Science News Online
155, no. 23 (June 5, 1999).

34.
C. G. Daughton and T. A. Ternes, “Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in the Environment: Agents of Subtle Change?”
Environmental Health Perspectives
107, suppl. 6 (1999), 907–38.

35.
Stuart Levy,
The Antibiotic Paradox
(NY: Plenum Press, 1992), 175.

36.
Lynn Margulis,
Symbiotic Planet
(NY: Basic Books, 1998), 75.

37.
Marc Lappé,
When Antibiotics Fail
(Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1995), xviii.

38.
Ibid., 25–26.

39.
Sarah Bosley, “Are You Ready for a World without Antibiotics?,”
The Guardian,
August 12, 2010.

1.
Brad Spellberg,
Rising Plague
(NY: Prometheus, 2009), 84.

2.
“Experts List Dangerous ‘Super Bugs': Doctors Warn of Antibiotic Overuse,” WCVB-TV (Boston), March 1, 2006,
http://www.thebostonchannel.com/r/7586367/detail.html
.

3.
Brad Spellberg,
Rising Plague
(NY: Prometheus, 2009), 63.

4.
Molly Hennessy-Fiske, “Drug-Resistant ‘Superbug' Mostly Limited to Southern California Nursing Homes, Health Officials Say,”
Los Angeles Times
, L.A. Now blog, March 24, 2010.

5.
“Drug-Resistant ‘Superbug' Hits LA County Hospitals, Nursing Homes,” CBSLosAngeles. com, March 24, 2011,
http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2011/03/24/drug-resistant-super-bug-hits-la-county-hospitals-nursing-homes/
.

6.
Steve Sternberg, “Superbug Spreading,”
USA Today,
September 17, 2010.

7.
Sarah Bosley, “Are You Ready for a World without Antibiotics?,”
The Guardian,
August 12, 2010.

8.
George Eliopoulos, “Antimicrobial Resistance in the Enterococcus,” in Richard Wax et al.,
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobials,
second edition (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008), 256.

9.
Brad Spellberg,
Rising Plague
(NY: Prometheus, 2009), 79.

10.
Sue Fischer, personal communication, March 2011.

1.
Z. K. Maskatia and K. Baker, “Hypereosinophilia Associated with Echinacea Use,”
Southern Medical Journal
103, no. 11 (2010): 1173–74.

2.
M. A. Ekpo and P. C. Elim, “Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of
Sida acuta
of Microorganisms from Skin Infections,”
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research
3, no. 9 (2009): 621–24.

3.
Erich Fromm, as quoted by GoodReads,
www.goodreads.com/quotes/show/233200
(accessed March 26, 2010).

1.
Nii-Ayi Ankrah, “Treatment of Falciparum Malaria with a Tea-Bag Formulation of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta root,”
Ghana Medical Journal
44, no. 1 (2010): 2.

2.
Damintoti Karou et al., “Antibacterial Activity of Alkaloids from
Sida acuta,
”
African Journal of Biotechnology
5, no. 2 (2008): 195–200.

3.
Michael Moore,
Medicinal Plants of the Pacific West
(Sante Fe, NM: Red Crane Books, 1993), 69.

4.
Ibid., 71.

5.
F. H. Jansen, “The Herbal Tea Approach for Artemisinin as a Therapy for Malaria?”
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
100, no. 3 (2006): 285–86.

6.
J. Falquet et al., “Artemisia annua as a Herbal Tea for Malaria,”
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines
4, no. 1 (2007): 121–23.

1.
L. Iauk et al., “Activity of Berberis aetnensis Root Extracts on Candida Strains,”
Fitoterapia
78, no. 2 (2007): 159–61.

2.
L. Slobodníková et al., “Antimicrobial Activity of Mahonia aquifolium Crude Extract and Its Major Isolated Alkaloids,”
Phytotherapy Research
18, no. 8 (2004): 674–76.

3.
Ahmed Ali Sanaa et al., “Protective Role of
Juniperus phoenicea
and
Cupressus sempervirens
against CCl4,”
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics
1, no. 6 (2010): 123–131.

4.
A. Schneider, “Tests Show Most Store Honey Isn't Honey,” Food Safety News (online), November 7, 2011,
www.foodsafetynews.com/2011/11/tests-show-most-store-honey-isnt-honey/
.

1.
S. Bhagwan et al., “
Ganoderma lucidum:
A Potent Pharmacological Macrofungus,”
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
10 (2009): 717–42, and R. Russel and M. Paterson, “
Ganoderma:
A Therapeutic Fungal Biofactory,”
Phytochemistry
67 (2006): 1985–2001.

1.
Michael Moore,
Herbal Materia Medica
, 5th ed. (Bisbee, AZ: Southwest School of Botanical Medicine, 1995).

Aggarwal, Bhrat, et al.
Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Spices
. Singapore: World Scientific, 2009.

Bergner, Paul.
Medical Herbalism
, all issues.

Blumenthal, Mark, et al.
The Complete German Commission E Monographs
. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council, 1998.

Brinker, Francis.
Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions
. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Publications, 1998.

Bryan, L. E.
Bacterial Resistance and Susceptibility to Chemotherapeutic Agents
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Buhner, Stephen.
Herbal Antibiotics
, 1st ed. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing, 1999.

Cech, Richo.
Making Plant Medicine.
Williams, OR: Horizon Herbs Publication, 2000.

Duke, James.
The Green Pharmacy
. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, 1998.

Ellingwood, Finley.
American Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Pharmacognosy
. Cincinnati: Eclectic Publications, 1919.

Farnsworth, Norman. “The Present and Future of Pharmacognosy.” American Botanical Council reprint number 209, reprinted from
The American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
43 (1979): 239–243. Re: World Health Organization mandate on traditional medicines.

Felter, Harvey, and John Uri Lloyd.
King's American Dispensatory
. Cincinnati: Eclectic Publications, 1895.

Fisher, Jeffery.
The Plague Makers
. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.

Fox, Nicols.
Spoiled: The Dangerous Truth about a Food Chain Gone Haywire
. New York: Basic Books, 1998.

Green, James.
The Herbal Medicine-Maker's Handbook
, 4th ed. Forestville, CA: Wildlife and Green, 1990.

Harborne, Jeffrey, et al.
Phytochemical Dictionary: A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants,
2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis, 1999.

Hoffman, David.
The Herbal Handbook: A User's Guide to Medical Herbalism
. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 1988.