19. See Susan Zaeske, Signatures of Citizenship: Petitioning, Antislavery, and Women’s Political Identity (Chapel Hill, 2003).
20. Quoted in O’Brien, Conjectures of Order , I, 273.
21. See Kathryn Kish Sklar, Women’s Rights Emerges Within the Anti-Slavery Movement (Boston, 2000).
22. Quoted in Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution (New York, 1991), 406.
23. Sarah Grimké, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, ed. Elizabeth Ann Bartlett (New Haven, 1988), quotation from 100. See further Alison Parker, “The Case for Reform Antecedents for the Women’s Rights Movement,” in Votes for Women , ed. Jean Baker (New York, 2002), 21–41.
24. See Marylynn Salmon, Women and the Law of Property in Early America (Chapel Hill, 1986); Norma Basch, In the Eyes of the Law: Women, Marriage, and Property in Nineteenth-Century New York (Ithaca, N.Y., 1982); Richard Chused, “Married Women’s Property Law, 1800–1850,” Georgetown Law Journal 71 (1983): 1359–1423.
25. Bonnie Anderson, Joyous Greetings: The First International Women’s Movement (Oxford, 2000), 153–78, quotation from 156.
26. Banner, Elizabeth Cady Stanton , 46; Griffith, In Her Own Right , 58; Wellman, Road , 210.
27. Hoffert, When Hens Crow , 74–80, quotation from History of Woman Suffrage , I, 805.
28. The Seneca Democrat , March 23, 1843, quoted in Weber, Women’s Rights National Park , 46–47.
29. Collected Works of AL , I, 48.
30. Quoted in Wellman, Road , 208.
31. North Star , April 28, 1848.
32. I am taking issue here, as elsewhere, with the argument of Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution (New York, 1991).
33. These disfranchisements have been described above, 497–98.
34. Quoted in Henry Mayer, All on Fire (New York, 1998), 265.
35. Daniel Feller, “Rediscovering Jacksonian America,” in The State of U.S. History , ed. Melvyn Stokes (Oxford, 2002), 80.
36. “The Young American,” in Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson , vol. I, ed. Robert Spiller (Cambridge, Mass., 1971), 217–44, quotation from 230.
37. The Education of Henry Adams (Boston, 1918), 5.