Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang (38 page)

S
UN
C
HANGJIANG
(1934–) was deputy director of the Theoretical Division of the Central Party School of the Central Committee. Sun was known for his participation in a theoretical debate between Hu Yaobang and Mao’s successor Hua Guofeng. The debate marked the beginning of Deng Xiaoping’s ascendance to his position as paramount leader.

S
UN
Q
IMENG
(1911–) was one of the founders and chairman of the China National Democratic Construction Association from 1983 to 1997.

T
IAN
J
IYUN
(1929–) was Vice Premier from 1983 to 1993 and a member of the Politburo starting in 1987. Tian was an outspoken supporter of reform.

T
SIANG
S
HO-
C
HIEH
(1918–93) was a professor of economics at the University of Rochester and Cornell University, and director of the Chung-Hwa Institute for Economic Research in Taiwan during the 1980s. Tsiang was a promoter of a free market economy.

W
AN
L
I
(1916–) was the Communist Party’s first secretary of Anhui Province in 1977. He was known for his early successes with rural land contracts in Anhui. Together with Zhao, who had similar achievements in Sichuan, Wan was instrumental in dismantling Mao’s people’s communes. Wan was a Vice Premier from 1983 to 1988 and a major supporter of reform. He became chairman of the National People’s Congress in 1988.

W
ANG
D
AMING
(1929–) was Deputy Director of the Propaganda Department from 1986 to 1987 and chairman of the eighth Beijing local Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference from 1993 to 1998.

W
ANG
D
AOHAN
(1913–2005) became deputy director of the State Import-Export Commission in 1978. In 1980, Wang became the Communist Party’s secretary of Shanghai.

W
ANG
H
ESHOU
(1909–99) was second secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission and was known for his involvement in many of the internal Party cases of great historical significance, including those of Lin Biao, Jiang Qing (Mao’s widow), and Liu Shaoqi.

W
ANG
J
IAN
(1954–) was a researcher at the Economic Institute of the State Planning Commission. He was known to Chinese scholars for an article published in
Economic Daily
in 1987 in which he proposed a strategic economic development model that relied heavily on international trade that was later widely perceived as having been adopted by Chinese leaders.

W
ANG
J
IKUAN
(1931–2007) was a consultant for the State Council’s Center for Economic Technology and Social Development Studies in the 1980s.

W
ANG
M
ENG
(1934–) is a prominent writer. He was the Minister of Culture from 1986 to 1989.

W
ANG
Q
UANGUO
(1919–) was the Communist Party’s deputy secretary of Guangdong Province from 1975 to 1979 and secretary of Hubei Province from 1982 to 1983.

W
ANG
R
ENZHI
(1933–) was the Communist Party’s Director of the Propaganda Department from 1987 to 1992. He had a reputation for siding with Party elders and undermining reform.

W
ANG
R
ENZHONG
(1917–92) was Vice Premier of the State Council. Wang headed the investigation of Zhao in the aftermath of the 1989 events.

W
ANG
R
UILIN
(1930–) was Deng Xiaoping’s secretary starting in 1952. Wang became director of the General Office of the Central Military Commission when Deng was its chairman, and later deputy director of the Communist Party’s General Office of the Central Committee.

W
ANG
R
UOSHUI
(1926–2002) was deputy chief editor of the
People’s Daily
and a well-known liberal scholar. Wang’s articles on “the alienation of socialism” triggered a public debate in the early 1980s that amounted to one of the first intellectual movements to challenge the Party line in the post-Mao era.

W
ANG
R
UOWANG
(1918–2001) was on the board of directors of the Chinese Writers’ Association and deputy chief editor of
Shanghai Literary Magazine
. Wang was jailed for fourteen months for his participation in the 1989 protests before being exiled to the United States in 1992.

W
ANG
W
EICHENG
(1929–) became Deputy Director of the Propaganda Department in 1987 and was later director of the Legislative Commission of the National People’s Congress.

W
ANG
Z
HEN
(1908–93) became China’s Vice President in 1988. He was a powerful Party elder who often tried to resist reform. In 1989, Wang actively promoted the military crackdown on the students in Tiananmen Square.

W
EI
J
IANXING
(1931–) was the Communist Party’s Director of the Organization Department from 1985 to 1987, then Minister of Supervision from 1987 to 1992.

W
EI
J
INGSHENG
(1950–) is a Chinese dissident. In 1978, Wei was a leader of the Democracy Wall Movement, during which he wrote a poster, titled
The Fifth Modernization
, calling for democracy. Perceived by Deng Xiaoping as a critic of his authoritarian rule, Wei was sentenced to fifteen years of imprisonment in 1979 and became one of the best-known Chinese dissidents. Wei now lives in exile in the United States.

W
EN
J
IABAO
(1942–) was director of the General Office of the Central Committee from 1986 to 1992. Wen became a member of the Politburo Standing Committee in 2002 and China’s Premier in 2003.

G
ORDON
W
U
(1935–), also known as Hu Yingxiang, is a Hong Kong entrepreneur, and the founder of Hopewell Holdings Limited.

W
U
X
IUQUAN
(1908–97) was Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs and Director of the Communist Party’s International Liaison Department from 1958 to 1975.

W
U
X
UEQIAN
(1921–2008) was a member of the Politburo and Vice Premier of the State Council. Wu was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1988.

W
U
Z
UGUANG
(1917–2003) was a prominent playwright who was regarded as liberal among Chinese writers.

X
IAO
H
ONGDA
(1918–2005) was director of the General Office of the Central Military Commission and deputy secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission from 1987 to 1992.

X
IONG
F
U
(1915–95) was Deputy Director of the Propaganda Department and the director of the Xinhua News Agency. From 1978 to 1988, Xiong was the chief editor of
Red Flag,
the official magazine of the Party’s Central Committee.

X
U
J
IALU
(1937–) was a professor of Chinese literature at Beijing Normal University and vice chairman of the China Association for Promoting Democracy.

X
U
J
IATUN
(1916–) was the Communist Party’s secretary of Jiangsu Province and later became chief of the Xinhua News Agency in Hong Kong, then China’s defacto official political presence in the territory. Xu has lived in the United States in exile since supporting the prodemocracy movement in Beijing in 1989.

X
U
S
HIJIE
(1920–91) was from 1988 to 1990 the Communist Party’s secretary of Hainan Province, one of the coastal regions designated as a Special Economic Zone during the reform era.

X
U
X
IANGQIAN
(1901–90) was the general chief of staff of the People’s Liberation Army from 1949 to 1954. Xu served as Vice Premier and Minister of Defense from 1978 to 1981.

Y
AN
J
IAQI
(1942–) is a political science scholar known for his 1979 proposal to abolish the lifelong leadership position held by the Chinese Communist Party and the state. Yan was a researcher at the Central Committee’s Political Reform Research Institute, headed by Bao Tong. Yan has been living in exile since the Tiananmen crackdown.

Y
AN
M
INGFU
(1931–) was Director of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee from 1985 to 1990. He was removed from his official post for not actively supporting the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989.

Y
ANG
S
HANGKUN
(1907–98) was a member of the Politburo from 1982 to 1987 and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission. He became President of the People’s Republic of China in 1988. Yang played a key role in 1989 by submitting to Deng Xiaoping’s decision to pursue a military crackdown on the Tiananmen protests. Yang was instrumental in mobilizing the army to carry out the order.

Y
ANG
W
ENCHAO
(unknown) was a secretary for Zhao Ziyang in the early 1990s.

Y
AO
X
IHUA
(unknown) was from 1987 to 1989 the chief editor of
Guangming Daily
, a newspaper influential among the intelligentsia.

Y
AO
Y
ILIN
(1917–94) was Vice Premier from 1979 to 1993 and director of the State Planning Commission from 1980 to 1983. Often siding with conservative elders such as Chen Yun, Yao ascended to the Politburo Standing Committee in 1987. As one of the five members of the Politburo Standing Committee, Yao actively supported the military crackdown in Tiananmen in 1989.

Y
E
J
IZHUANG
(1893–1967) was Minister of Trade and Minister of Foreign Trade in the early days after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

Y
E
X
UANNING
(1938–) is the second son of China’s esteemed Marshal Ye Jianying. He was director of the Liaison Division of the People’s Liberation Army’s General Political Department from 1990 to 1993.

Y
ONG
W
ENTAO
(1932–97) was the Communist Party’s secretary of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou Municipality from 1965 to 1966.

Y
U
G
UANGYUAN
(1915–) was a prominent economist in the 1980s and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Y
U
Q
IULI
(1914–99) was Vice Premier from 1975 to 1982, and director of the General Political Department of the People’s Liberation Army from 1982 to 1987. A veteran of the State Planning Commission, Yu was its director from 1975 to 1980.