Lincoln (157 page)

413
captured the
Peterhoff: For a careful examination of the
Peterhoff
affair, see J. G. Randall,
Lincoln the President: Midstream
(New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1952), pp. 334–338.

414
“drive Lincoln into it”:
Daniel B. Carroll,
Henri Mercier and the American Civil War
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971), pp. 251–257; Hiram Barney to Salmon P. Chase, Jan. 16, 1863, Chase MSS; Donald,
Sumner,
p. 103.

414
“urge on the war”: Chicago Tribune,
Feb. 18, 1863.

415
“steadiness of purpose”: New York Herald,
Mar. 28, 1863.

415
“in any country”: CW,
6:63–65.

415
“of human bondage”: CW,
6:88–89.

415
“and civilized nations”: CW,
6:176.

416
“to their rulers”: The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1863
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1871), p. 233.

416
“all future generations”: New York Herald,
Jan. 9, 1863.

416
“an informal, practical recognition”: American Annual Cyclopaedia... 1863,
pp. 265–268.

417
“loss of blood”:
Samuel Augustus Pleasants,
Fernando Wood of New York
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1948), pp. 139–140.

417
“anti-slavery crusade!”:
B. S. A. McClellan to Elihu B. Washburne, Jan. 13, 1863, Washburne MSS, LC.

417
“to their level”:
Thomas Ewing, Sr., to W. H. Seward, Jan. 13, 1863, Seward MSS, UR.

418
“blood and race”: CW,
5:554–536.

418
“cessation of hostilities”:
San Francisco
Daily Alta California,
Mar. 3, 1863.

418
“the North itself”: New York Herald,
Mar. 5, 1863.

418
“the revolted States”:
McClernand to AL, Feb. 14, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

418
without legislative authorization:
On Illinois, see Arthur Charles Cole,
The Era of the Civil War, 1848–1870
(Springfield: Illinois Centennial Commission, 1919), pp. 298–300; on Indiana, Kenneth M. Stampp,
Indiana Politics During the Civil War
(Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1949), chap. 8.

419
“man I know of”:
Sandburg, 2:244.

419
“a thousand ways”: CW,
6:87.

419
to
the Republican party:
Wood Gray,
The Hidden Civil War: The Story of the Copperheads
(New York: Viking Press, 1942), gives considerable credence to these reports of conspiracies. Frank L. Klement,
The Copperheads in the Middle West
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960), argues more convincingly that they were largely political protests.

419
“our military chances”:
Sumner to Francis Lieber, Jan. 17,1863, Sumner MSS, Houghton Library, Harvard.

419
“for the enemy”: American Annual Cyclopaedia... 1863,
p. 473.

420
duration of the war: Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies,
ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 633–646; Frank L. Klement,
The Limits of Dissent: Clement L. Vallandigham and the Civil War
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1970), chap. 11.

420
“kind assurance of support”:
The quotation is from Burnside to AL, May 8, 1863, Lincoln MSS, LC. Lincoln’s letter has not been found.

420
“part of Burnside
”: Welles,
Diary,
1:306.

420
such military tribunals:
David Davis, statement to WHH, Sept. 19, 1866, HWC.

420
“little as possible”: Official Records,
ser. 2, vol. 5, pp. 664–665. Halleck told Burnside he had just come from a conference with the President, and “No objections were made to your action in this matter....”

421
“in bloody anarchy”: New York Herald,
May 19, 26, June 2, 1863.

421
than its publication:
Robert S. Harper,
Lincoln and the Press
(New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1951), pp. 258–261.

421
and military despotism:
Stewart Mitchell,
Horatio Seymour of New York
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938), p. 293.

421
cunning for wisdom:
Bates,
Diary,
pp. 290–291.

422
“new
organization for 1864”:
Abraham Oakey Hall to William H. Seward, Jan. 21,1863, Seward MSS, UR.

422
“unfortunate” and “pernicious”:
Browning,
Diary,
1:612–613.

422
“has ever known”:
Strong,
Diary,
p. 292.

422
“Union and Government”:
Weed to AL, Feb. 1,1863, Lincoln MSS, LC.

422
joining the Democrats:
Hamlin to Ellen Hamlin, Jan. 25,1863, Hamlin MSS, microfilm. Columbia University.

422
“all the patriotism”:
Mitchell,
Seymour,
pp. 276–277.

422
“their constitutional powers”: CW,
6:145–146.

423
“our next President”:
Thurlow Weed Barnes,
Memoir of Thurlow Weed
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1884), p. 428; Mitchell,
Seymour,
pp. 273–274.

423
“to destroy himself”:
Gray,
The Hidden Civil War,
p. 130.

424
a conquered province: American Annual Cyclopaedia... 1863,
p. 309.

424
National Banking Act:
For Lincoln’s public and private exertions in behalf of the banking act, see G. S. Boritt,
Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
(Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1978), pp. 200–202.

424
Department of Agriculture:
For careful studies of this nonmilitary legislation, see Leonard P. Curry,
Blueprint for Modern America: Nonmilitary Legislation of the First Civil War Congress
(Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968), and Heather Cox Richardson, “Constructing ‘the Greatest Nation of the Earth’: Economic Policies of the Republican Party During the American Civil War” (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, 1992).

424
“if they deserve it”:
James Ford Rhodes,
History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1907), 4:24ln.

425
“get along yet”:
T. Harry Williams,
Lincoln and the Radicals
(Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1941), pp. 280–281.

425
“ray of hope left”:
E. B. Ward to B. F. Wade, Feb. 7,1863, Wade MSS, LC.

425
“of James Buchanan”:
Asa Mahan to Zachariah Chandler, Mar. 3, 1863, Chandler MSS, LC.

425
“a traitor
out
and
out”: Chandler to Letitia Chandler, Feb. 7, 1863, Chandler MSS, LC.

425
declined to sign it:
For White’s campaign against Seward, see White’s unsigned memorial to AL, Jan. [12] 1863, William Butler MSS, Chicago Historical Society; White to Benjamin F. Wade, Dec. 27, 1862, Wade MSS, LC; White to Simon Cameron, Jan. 11, 1863, Cameron MSS, LC; Lyman Trumbull to William Butler, Jan. 11,1863, Butler MSS; Donald,
Sumner,
pp. 103–105.

425
removal of Seward: New York Tribune,
Jan. 19,1863.

426
“stand by the President”:
Hamlin to Ellen Hamlin, Jan. 11,1863, Hamlin MSS, microfilm, Columbia University; Charles E. Hamlin,
The Life and Times of Hannibal Hamlin
(Cambridge, Mass.: Riverside Press, 1899), pp. 452–453.

426
“almost dictatorial powers”:.
J. F. Ankeny to E. B. Washburne, Feb. 3, 1863, Washburne MSS, LC.

426
“be no serious opposition”:
Giddings to Salmon P. Chase, Jan. 13,1863, Chase MSS.

426
“and really republican”:
Salmon P. Chase to Benjamin F. Butler, Dec. 14,1862, Chase MSS.

426
was “growing feeble”:
Benjamin Brown French,
Witness to the Young Republic
(Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1989), pp. 416–417.

426
“tells a joke now”:
Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren,
Memoir of John A Dahlgren
(Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1882), p. 387.

426
“as I have been
”: Moncure Daniel Conway,
Autobiography: Memories and Experiences
(Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1904), 1:379.

427
“of these anniversaries”:
Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
p. 147.

427
“sometimes with him
”: The evidence on Mary Lincoln and spiritualism is admirably summarized in Baker,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
pp. 217–222.

427
her guests mechanically:
For a sympathetic account of Mrs. Lincoln during these years, see Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
esp. chap. 25.

427
three-foot-four-inch guest:
San Francisco
Daily Alta California,
Mar. 18,1863.

428
“forefeet up”:
Leonard Swett to “My Dear Boy,” Feb. 23, 1863, David Davis MSS, ISHL.

428
now mostly slept:
This paragraph draws on the full, sympathetic account of Tad in Ruth Painter Randall,
Lincoln’s Sons
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1955), esp. pp. 137–138.

428
“better than he had”:
Virginia Woodbury Fox, Diary, Apr. 29, 1863, Levi Woodbury MSS, LC.