Lincoln (150 page)

299
“government of laws”:
Randall,
Constitutional Problems Under Lincoln,
pp. 120–121.

300
avoided a confrontation:
E. Merton Coulter,
The Civil War and Readjustment in Kentucky
(Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1966), remains authoritative.

300
“not molest her”:
Segal,
Conversations,
p. 116.

300
Internecine war resulted:
Walter B. Stevens, “Lincoln and Missouri,”
Missouri Historical Review
10 (Jan. 1916): 63–199.

301
for West Virginia:
For a summary of the complicated process of partitioning Virginia, see J. G. Randall and David Herbert Donald,
The Civil War and Reconstruction
(Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath & Co., 1969), pp. 236–242.

301
“of the government”:
Lincoln summarized these extraconstitutional actions in a message to Congress on May 26, 1862.
CW,
5:240–242.

301
“calm and collected”:
Nicolay and Hay, 4:108.

301
“and assiduous cooperation”:
Frederick W. Seward,
Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State, 1846–1861
(New York: Derby & Miller, 1891), p. 590.

302
to prosecute it:
The complete message is in
CW,
4:421–441.

303
“as we can”:
Segal,
Conversations,
pp. 113–114. For evidence that Lincoln quite clearly understood the difference between closing the ports and declaring a blockade, see Browning,
Diary,
1:489.

303
“forced upon him”: CW,
4:440.

303
“competency of Congress”: CW,
4:429.

303
among legal experts:
Some of the more important controversial literature on these topics appears in Frank Freidel, ed.,
Union Pamphlets of the Civil War
(2 vols.; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967). See esp. the essays by Horace Binney and Edward Ingersoll.

304
“one be violated”: CW,
4:430.

304
of his administration:
Neely,
The Fate of Liberty,
offers a masterful examination of these problems.

304
“own domestic foes”: CW,
4:426.

304
“race of life”: CW,
4:438.

305
and “irrepressible applause”: New York Times,
July 7, 1861.

305
“ways and means”:
James Ford Rhodes,
History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850
(New York: Macmillan Co., 1906), 3:441.

305
of Andrew Jackson: New York Weekly Tribune,
July 10, 1861;
New York World,
July 9, 1861.

305
“of the Constitution”: The American Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1861
(New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1871), p. 234.

306
his subsequent campaigns:
For an excellent evaluation of these plans, see Nevins,
War for the Union,
1:150–154.

306
“in his fall”: CW,
4:385. See also Ruth Painter Randall,
Colonel Elmer Ellsworth
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1960).

306
“war by piecemeal”:
Nicolay and Hay, 4:323.

307
bed that night:
Ibid., 4:352–355.

307
“preserve the Union”:
Edward McPherson,
The Political History of the United States During the Great Rebellion
(3rd ed.; Washington, D.C.: Solomons & Chapman, 1876), p. 286.

308
“you have been”:
Segal,
Conversations,
p. 126.

308
“would do it”:
Ibid., p. 129.

309
in the White House:
For an excellent history of the White House in Lincoln’s time, with many illustrations, see William Seale,
The President’s House: A History
(Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 1986), chaps. 15–17.

309
on the north side:
In describing living arrangements in the White House, I have had the inestimable good fortune of receiving privately conducted tours by four distinguished subsequent occupants: President and Mrs. John F. Kennedy in Feb. 1962, and President and Mrs. George Bush in Jan. 1990.

310
on the arm:
For a charming account of the Lincoln children in the White House, see Ruth Painter Randall,
Lincoln’s Sons
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1955), and for White House pets, see Mrs. Randall’s
Lincoln’s Animal Friends
(Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1958).

310
the two windows:
William O. Stoddard,
Inside the White House in War Times
(New York: Charles L. Webster & Co., 1890), pp. 23–24. Cf. the drawing C. K. Stellwagen made of Lincoln’s office in Oct. 1864, in White House Historical Association,
The White House: An Historic Guide
(Washington, D.C.: White House Historical Association, 1963), p. 128.

310
“formality of signature”:
On Nicolay and the administration of the President’s office, see Helen Nicolay,
Lincoln’s Secretary: A Biography of John G. Nicolay
(New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1949), and Edward D. Neill,
Abraham Lincoln and His Mailbag,
ed. Theodore C. Blegen (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1964). The quotation is from the latter, on p. 12.

311
“
‘only has two’
”: Ward Hill Lamon,
Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847–1865,
ed. Dorothy Lamon Teillard (Washington, D.C.: 1911), pp. 82–83.

311
“extend seven feet”:
D. M. Jenks to AL, June 10, 1862, Lincoln MSS, LC.

311
to describe her:
Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
offers a highly favorable portrait of Mrs. Lincoln. Baker,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
is more critical. For Mrs. Lincoln’s wartime letters, which are few and not very revealing, see Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln.

312
“was agreeably disappointed”:
William Howard Russell,
My Diary North and South
(Boston: T. O. H. P. Burnham, 1863), pp. 41–42.

312
“at your feet”:
Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
pp. 259–262.

312
a wagonload:
Stoddard,
Inside the White House,
pp. 62–63.

313
the salary herself
Randall,
Mary Lincoln,
pp. 254–256. Browning received a detailed account of Mrs. Lincoln’s financial misconduct from W. H. Stackpole, a White House messenger. Browning, Diary, Mar. 3, 1862, MS, ISHL. His report—which, of course, is not firsthand—was considered too explosive for inclusion in his published
Diary.
It was charges like these that led David Davis many years later to charge that Mary Lincoln “was a natural born thief; that stealing was a sort of insanity with her.” Browning,
Diary,
July 3, 1873, MS, ISHL. In evaluating this comment it must be remembered that it was made long after the event and that Davis heartily detested Mrs. Lincoln.

313
his own pocket:
Benjamin Brown French,
Witness to the Young Republic,
ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1989), p. 382.

313
“unnatural civil war”:
Jean H. Baker,
Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983), pp. 148–153.

313
“majority in rebellion”: CW,
5:494.

313
cultivated War Democrats:
Christopher Dell,
Lincoln and the War Democrats: The Grand Erosion of Conservative Tradition
(Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1975), chaps. 4–6, offers a full discussion.

314
of public opinion:
Williams,
Lincoln and the Radicals,
pp. 33–34.

314
“may desert myself”:
Adam Gurowski,
Diary, from March 4, 1861, to November 12, 1862
(Boston: Lee & Shepard, 1862), pp. 89–90.

315
modify his proclamation: CW,
4:506.

315
“Negro into it”:
Nevins,
Frémont: Pathmarker of the West,
pp. 516–519. The last sentence is in italics in this source.

315
of the Confiscation Act: CW,
4:518.

316
“is dealing with”: CW,
4:513.

316
“has another chance”:
Nevins,
War for the Union,
1:376.

316
“to the Union”:
Joshua F. Speed to AL, Sept. 3 and 7, 1861; Robert Anderson to AL, Sept. 13, 1861—all in Lincoln MSS, LC.

316
“never seen surpassed”:
Coulter,
Civil War and Readjustment,
p. 112.

316
“and the North West”:
O. H. Browning to AL, Sept. 11, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

316
in the Northwest:
Timothy Davis to W. H. Seward, Sept. 11, 1861, Seward MSS, UR.

316
“than your order”:
L. B. Moon to AL, Sept. 16, 1861, Lincoln MSS, LC.

317
“destroyed his country”:
Horace White to David Davis, Sept. 14, 1861, Davis MSS, ISHL.

317
“acres of land”:
B. F. Wade to Zachariah Chandler, Sept. 23, 1861, Chandler MSS, LC.

317
“hang a
man”: Donald,
Lincoln’s Herndon,
p. 150.

317
“property by proclamation?”: CW,
4:531–532.