Laughter in Ancient Rome (73 page)

Archelaus (king of Macedon), joke of,
189
,
213

Aristodemus,
Geloia Apomnēmoneumata,
204
,
274n71

Aristophanes: monkey tropes of,
161
,
261n24
;
Wasps,
206

Aristotle: association of derisory laughter with,
29
,
33
,
227n40
; on buffoons,
226n35
; on Callippides,
263n63
; and “classical theory of laughter,”
29–36
,
225n22
; on comedy,
24
; dialogues of,
248n38
; on the incongruous,
38
; on laughter,
32–34
,
40
,
220n9
,
227n40
; on metaphor,
228n47
; on primates,
261n31
; and Roman laughter theory,
34
,
35
; theory of tragedy,
226n31
; on wit,
33

—History of Animals,
33–34
,
227n43

—Nicomachean ethics,
32
,
227n39
,
230n69

—On the Parts of Animals,
27
,
35

—Poetics:
on comedy,
32
; incoherence of,
226n31
; lost second book of,
29–31
,
34
,
42
; superiority theory of,
230n68

—Rhetoric,
on laughter,
32
,
33

Arndt, E.,
113

Arnott, W. G.,
257n83

art, Greco-Roman: laughter in,
56–59
,
233n21
.
See also
visual images, ancient

Artemidorus, dream interpretations of,
273n57

Athena, smile of,
253n25

Athenaeus: on Anacharsis,
160–61
,
174
; on Anaxandrides,
208–9
; on autocratic laughter,
207
; on parasites,
151
; on Parmeniscus,
174–76
; on theatrical masks,
263n53

—The Philosophers’ Banquet,
151
,
206
,
274n75
; additions to fragments in, 275n8

Attardo, Salvatore,
38
,
222n41

“Attic salt,”
94–95
,
204
; Plutarch on,
245n94
.
See also
wit

Augustan History,
13
,
77
,
240n30
; on Commodus,
132
; on Elagabalus,
129
,
132
,
142
,
148
,
154

Augustus, Emperor:
civilitas
of,
134
; Fescennine verses of,
238n67
; jocularity of,
134–35
,
156
,
252n7
; jokes of,
78
,
105
,
124
,
130–31
,
132–33
,
202
; last words of,
253n19
; moral legislation of,
156
; toleration of joking,
131
,
135
,
213

Aulus Gellius, on Saturnalia,
236n49

babies: laughter of,
25
,
35
,
36
,
83
,
84
,
85
; smiles of,
85

Bakhtin, Mikhail,
48
,
220n17
; on the carnivalesque,
61–62
,
64
,
234n39
; on
The Golden Ass,
267n116
; on inversion,
237n55
; on laughter culture,
60–62
,
234n33
;
Rabelais and His World,
60–61
,
63
,
65
; reception in West,
234n37
; on Roman laughter,
50
; on Saturnalia,
62–63
,
65
,
235n43
; self-contradictory passages of,
61
,
234n33

baldness: Caesar’s,
132
,
146
; laughter at,
51
,
146
,
165
,
221n21
,
253n16
; in
Philogelos,
185–86
,
200

Baldwin, B.,
273n58

banquets: Elagabalus’s,
149
; flattery at,
150–51
; guest/host relationships in,
150
; ideal companions at,
245n3
; joking at,
147–52
; parasites at,
148
,
149
,
209
; patronage relationships at,
152
; social hierarchy at,
147–48
,
256n76
; Tiberius’s,
145

barbarians, laughter of,
52

Barchiesi, A.,
253n25

barristers, mimicry of,
145

Barton, C. A.,
256n67

Bataille, Georges,
228n52
; on Virgil’s fourth
Eclogue,
84–85
,
242n61

Baubo, Demeter’s laughter at,
174
,
256n70
,
264n79

Baudelaire, Charles,
228n52
,
229n65

belching,
230n72

Bergson, Henri,
40
;
Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic,
39
; laughter theory of,
38
,
230n72

Bettini, M.,
257n86

Bhabha, H.,
243n67