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Authors: Imre Kertesz

Tags: #Literary Criticism, #Biography & Autobiography, #Jewish, #Personal Memoirs, #Russian & Former Soviet Union

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Me, too. Just to print my letter of resignation, for example, as would befit the better sort of places. Or even
to inform readers how glad they were to be rid of me, or whatever. Let’s move on, though.

Where to? I have a feeling we have come to a standstill, or that the high spirits are at an end. To back up to the point where, in your own words, you begin to regain consciousness and take a first look around in this new situation, your eyes immediately cloud over, if I may be permitted to extend the metaphor. You publish articles and diary entries which concern political deformations, neo-anti-Semitism, historical amnesia and the like, then in 1997 you publish the book
Someone Else,
which elicited widespread dislike in critical circles
 …

I was drummed out of the nation like a relapsed troublemaker from a tinpot boarding school.

But what did you do to elicit the fury of a press that, up to that point, had behaved fairly amicably toward you?

How should I know? I think you are overestimating the importance of so-called literary critics. Works of literature—genuine ones, that is—lead their own lives.

That may well be, but nevertheless I’m not going to make do with that pearl of wisdom. Your speculative pieces, the essays and lectures, are almost uniformly rejected by the Hungarian public
.

They still exist … In truth it’s just the old game being carried on: I am a nuisance in Hungary, in the organic
extension of the Kádár regime, a dissonant voice in a convention of self-deception which by common consent is sustained through gritted teeth.

What do you mean more precisely by “convention of self-deception”?

Keeping one’s mouth shut. As a result of which the continuity of the past has been interrupted. The 1989 change in regime did not arise from the Kádár regime but arrived from “outside,” from somewhere remote where real history grinds ahead. It was again necessary to adjust to the new situation, as so many times before, and that was much more urgent than looking back to see where we had come from. People supposed that the muck of the Kádár regime could be quickly scraped off the soles of our shoes. It can’t, and all kinds of frustrations derive from curtailed memories. One of them is fear and self-hatred as reflected in nationalism; another is lack of direction or nostalgia for the Kádár regime. In that context, it matters little that my essays are not to the taste of superannuated literary veterans wreathed in cigar smoke on their pseudo-Olympus or of the neo-conformist careerists of university faculties who parrot the gobbledygook of literary scholarship … I myself am even less to their taste. I never asked for access to the amenities of the Hungarian intellectual and I have therefore remained an outsider …

As a tiresome stranger?

Certainly a stranger. Look, it’s not just a question of my being liked or disliked but much more of how long an artistically inclined individual can maintain a creative life in discord with those around him or her … even the question of how long that may act as an inspiration, and when does the frustration arising from the dialogue of the deaf—to the point that it poses a danger to health, so to say—start to kick in.

To the extent that it may distort your power of judgment or maybe disturb the scale of values that you have elaborated so scrupulously? In your weaker moments, are you never seized by doubts or uncertainty?

Who can say they are not sometimes troubled by doubts? What I mean by that is that I always doubt every sentence I utter, but I have never for a moment doubted that I have to write what I happen to be writing. Would you believe that I am not sufficiently familiar with my own life’s work? Because that probably is the case. Once I have written a book, after suffering a certain spell of remorse and nausea, I no longer know what I wrote. I never took stock of the importance of one of my works; I know nothing about that: I’m far too permeated by “the world’s indifference.” In this chaotic, postmodern world of ours, spiked as it is with terrorism and atrocities, I don’t believe anything is of any special, let alone preeminent, importance. It seems to me that not only people but societies are not born for happiness but strife. The stated goal is always happiness, but that is always a will-o’-the-wisp. There is still no way of knowing how
an individual life can be harmonized with society’s goals, about which we know hardly anything. There is still no way of knowing what motivates us, or indeed, when it comes down to it, why, over and above a vegetative automatism, we live at all. Still to this day, in all truth, no light has yet been thrown on even whether
we
exist at all, or are just embodied images of the neuronal bundles at work within us—a symbol that goes through the motions, because it is bound to go through the motions, of being an autonomous reality. For me, who is of no importance, one thing which is of no importance is nevertheless important: that’s more or less how it stands with literature.

These days you spend a lot of time in Berlin. What took you there?

Illness; depression; health;
joie de vivre
.

All four at once?

However odd it may sound.

Let’s start with the illness
.

I won’t go into the physical symptoms; much more serious than those was the claustrophobic depression, which weighed my hand down like lead, locked my soul in the stocks (if it is permissible to speak of a soul as if one were talking about some kind of spinal osteoporosis, or a paralyzed limb which gives one constant
shooting pains). Around a year ago, it was so bad that I was unable to touch the novel that was then in progress. In plain language, I broke down.

When did that happen?

Around the autumn of 2000. At that time, Magdi, infallible diagnostician that she is, with love as her sole implement, persuaded me that we should rent a little “workplace” in Berlin. She realized that if I were abroad it would be easier for me to create the inner freedom that is a precondition for a writer. She was not wrong, either: that turned out to be the solution, even though we had to accept the risk of taking that step (for instance, whether we would be able to pay the rent regularly). Later on, the Berlin Academy of Arts awarded me a grant for a semester, and once that had elapsed we simply stuck around, as it were, becoming cosmopolitans, commuting between Budapest and Berlin, indeed Chicago as well. It was in Berlin that
Liquidation
was resuscitated; as I walked on the Kurfürstendamm and its side streets, the intertwining broken threads of the story appeared to me in my imagination, the just-about-perceptible sutures at the site of the vanished junctions like the tacking on a coat that is turned inside out—the flimsy edifice of a novel that was still realizable. No, I’m sorry, but please don’t interrupt me! I fear you’re going to bring in the reception in Hungary or something of the ilk that I’ve already grappled with, have got over, and so is no longer of any interest to me. You know, there are times like now,
for instance, sitting here in the Hotel Mondial, or on the café terrace of the Hotel Kempinski in the languid autumn sunshine, and absent-mindedly contemplating the late-afternoon traffic on the city’s streets, under the unbroken canopy of the enormous plane trees, when for a minute or two I step out of time, and for a fleeting moment I catch myself marvelling at the adventure that my life has been.

It seems you have “drawn good profit from your sandwiches,” as Laurence Sterne, that economical English writer, put it
.

In that case I would much rather talk about joy than suffering. The greatest joy for me here, on this earth, was writing, language, Endre Ady and Mihály Babits, Gyula Krúdy and Dezs? Szomory, the wonderful language of those and so many other good Hungarian poets and writers.

You have become a well-known, indeed world-famous, writer, the first Hungarian to win the Nobel Prize for literature. People pay attention to you, expecting words of redemption, perfection, beauty, looking for them in your works. You are girt by an aura of glory
 …

What are you trying to say?

Nothing in particular, I just want to quote the words of the “Old Boy” in the frame novel of
Fiasco:
“I was not endowed with the redeeming word; I was not interested in perfection
or beauty, not even knowing what those are. I regard notions of glory as the masturbation fantasies of senile old men, immortality as simply risible.” Don’t you find there is a contradiction here?

Of course I do! I see contradictions at every hand, but then I take delight in contradictions.

NOTES

  
1.
In the Mátra and Zemplén Hills, respectively, in northern Hungary.

  
2.
An outer suburb on the NE side of Pest (part of the Sixteenth District).

  
3.
Just off the left bank of the Danube, level with the southern end of Margaret Island (Thirteenth District).

  
4.
Turning off the main Rákóczi Ave thoroughfare in Pest, level with what became the ghetto.

  
5.
In the Eighth District, off the Outer (Erzsébet) Avenue.

  
6.
The pengő was the Hungarian currency from 1927 to 1946, when it was replaced by the forint. For most of this period 1 USD = 5 pengő (though it went into the squillions per $ during the hyperinflation which followed World War II).

  
7.
A fillér was one-hundredth of a pengő (and now of a forint), i.e., equivalent to one cent.

  
8.
Also in the Eighth District, not far from the Grand Boulevard.

  
9.
Fourth District, the northernmost area of the city.

10.
The movement was used by the authorities for compulsory physical training of Hungarian boys between the ages of twelve and twenty. It was also a way around the ban on regular army recruitment imposed on Hungary, as one of the defeated powers of the First World War, by the 1920 Versailles peace treaty.

11.
Precise quote (Spring 1991): “I am beginning to comprehend that I was held back from suicide (from the examples of Borowski, Celan, Améry, Primo Levi, and so on) by a ‘society’ which, after the concentration camp experience, brought me proof, in the form of so-called ‘Stalinism,’ that there could be no question at all of freedom, liberation, the great catharsis, etc.—in other words, everything that intellectuals, thinkers, philosophers not only spouted about but manifestly also believed in; which guaranteed me a prolongation of slave existence, thereby ruling out the very possibility of any such error. That is why I was not touched by the flood of disappointment that lapped around the feet of people living in freer societies, who had undergone similar experiences and were attempting to flee it, until gradually—despite the quickening of their steps—it rose up to their necks.”

12.
Actually
Black Sailing Ship
and anyway published in 1958.

13.
A complex metaphor for a lady of the night used by Thomas Mann in
Doctor Faustus: The Life of the German Composer Adrian Leverkühn as Told by a Friend
. Transl. H. T. Lowe-Porter. London: Secker & Warburg, 1949. E.g., “One such butterfly, in transparent nudity, loving the duskiness of heavy leafage, was called
Hetæra esmeralda
[the clearwing]” (p. 14); “A brown wench puts herself nigh me, in a little Spanish jackets, with a big gam [i.e. shapely legs], snub nose, almond eyes, an Esmeralda,…” (p. 142); “I saw the snub-nosed girl beside him, Hetæra esmeralda: her powdered bosoms in Spanish bodice …” (p. 148); “… Adrian went back to that place on account of one particular person, of her whose touch burned on his cheek, the ‘brown wench’ with the big mouth, in the little jacket, who had come up to him at the piano and whom he called Esmeralda” (p. 154); “The letters composing this note-cipher are: h, e, a, e, e-flat:
hetæra esmeralda
.”

14.
Imre Kertész: “Jerusalem, Jerusalem: Reflections Sparked by the Sight of a War-torn City,”
Logos
(2003), accessible at
http://www.logosjournal.com/kertesz.htm
.

15.
In the First District, this runs SE from approximately Moszkva Square.

16.
See entries for 1974: “Silence is truth. But a truth which is silent, and the ones who speak up will have right on their side.”

17.
See entries for the summer of 1964.

18.
The nickname by which Elisabeth, the widely popular Empress of Austria from 1854 to 1898, was known.

19.
From the final paragraph of
Someone Else
, included in a translation of an extensive selection of extracts published by the journal
Common Knowledge
, vol. 10, no. 2, Spring 2004, p. 314–346.

20.
In the Second District of Buda, a block west of the Danube and level with the southern tip of Margaret Island.

21.
See towards the very end of the entries for 1988.

22.
An entry for 1966.

23.
Cf. “A person always lights upon the lie he is in need of just as unerringly and just as unhesitatingly as he can unerringly and unhesitatingly light upon the truth he is in need of, should he feel any need at all of the truth … (
The Union Jack
); “the sentences we have a need of seek us out sooner or later …” (
Kaddish for an Unborn Child
).

24.
Novels by, respectively, Aleksandr Bek (1944) and Vasili Azhayev (1948).

25.
Introduction to the Method of Leonardo da Vinci
(1895), Cf. “Also lying there was a ragged, yellow-covered volume of Valéry’s essay on Leonardo. He needed these for a translation he was doing” (
Liquidation
, p. 112).

26.
Drifting on the Water
(1928) in Hungarian is
Valamit visz a víz
, so a play on words can be made through the similar sounds of
“víz”
and “Weiss.”

27.
I.e., he had been identified as Jewish.

28.
Among the entries for the summer of 1981 in
Galley Boat-Log
which is not quoted is the remark: “Good translators do not exist. This is because of the nature of the Word: you talk in your own language but you write in a foreign one” (J.-P. Sartre,
Words
. Transl. I. Cleophane. London: Penguin Books. 1967, p. 104).

29.
Author’s footnote: The sole exception is Sára Molnár’s
Ugyanúgy téma variációi. Irónia és megszólitás Kertész Imre prózájában
[Variations on the Same Theme: Irony and Mode of Address in the Prose of Imre Kertész]; (Cluj-Kolozsvár: Koinónia, 2005), which was published just before the Hungarian manuscript of
Dossier K
. (i.e.,
K. dosszié
) went to press. Sára Molnár’s analyses of the texts show a profound insight, but I have not had sufficient time to ponder on her discerning evaluations with the seriousness they deserve; nevertheless, if anyone wishes to tackle my work through the route of critical analysis, this is the one book I would venture to recommend.

30.
Cf. note 11.

31.
Penultimate entry for 1974.

32.
Cf. Scattered entries from Christmas 1963 to Summer 1968.

33.
Cf. Entry for summer 1981.

34.
George Orwell,
Nineteen Eighty-Four
.

35.
Cf. 1964 entry in
Galley Boat-Log
.

36.
Entry for August 1973.

37.

A Holocaust mint cultura
” [The Holocaust as Culture], a talk delivered at the University of Vienna, 1992, published in
The Exiled Language
, p.89

38.
“Bits and Bobs.”

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