Churchill's Empire: The World That Made Him and the World He Made (75 page)

26
Moon,
Viceroy’s Journal
, pp. 12–13 (entry for 27 July 1943).

27
‘Agreement between the Governments of the United Kingdom and the United States of America on the principles applying to mutual aid’, Cmd. 6341, 1942, p. 3.

28
FDR to WSC, 11 Feb. 1942, in Warren F. Kimball (ed.),
Churchill & Roosevelt: The Complete Correspondence
, vol. I:
Alliance Emerging, October 1933–November 1942
, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1984, p. 357.

29
E. F. Penrose,
Economic Planning for the Peace
, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1953, p. 24.

30
Ben Pimlott (ed.),
The Second World War Diary of Hugh Dalton, 1940–45
, Jonathan Cape, London, 1986, pp. 710–11 (entry for 23 Feb. 1944).

31
Wm. Roger Louis,
In the Name of God, Go! Leo Amery and the British Empire in the Age of Churchill
, W. W. Norton & Co., New York, 1992, p. 147.

32
Donald Moggridge (ed.),
The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes
, vol. XXIV:
Activities, 1944–1946: The Transition to Peace
, Macmillan, London, 1979, pp. 302–3.

33
John Morton Blum (ed.),
From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of War, 1941–1945
, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1967, p. 308 (entry for 19 Aug. 1944).

34
H. G. Nicholas (ed.),
Washington Despatches, 1941–45: Weekly Political Reports from the British Embassy
, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1981, p. 192 (24 May 1943).

35
Alan Watt to Colonel Hodgson, 24 May 1943, quoted in David Day,
The Politics of War
, HarperCollins, Sydney, 2003, p. 476.

36
WSC,
The Second World War
, vol. IV:
The Hinge of Fate
[first published by Cassell, London, 1951], CW, vol. XXV, p. 522.

37
John Morton Blum (ed.),
The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942–1946
, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1973, p. 208 (entry for 22 May 1943).

38
Conversation recorded in W. L. Mackenzie King diary, 20 May 1943.

39
He used this phrase on a number of occasions, notably in his first broadcast as Prime Minister on 19 May 1940.

40
David Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’: Winston Churchill in Canada, 1900–1954
, Thomas Allen, Toronto, 2005, p. 270.

41
Note by S. M. Bruce, 22 March 1943, quoted in Day,
Politics of War
, p. 455.

42
Speech of 30 June 1943.

43
Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’
, p. 236.

44
David Reynolds,
Rich Relations: The American Occupation of Britain, 1942–1945
, HarperCollins, London, 1996, pp. 127–40; Ashley Jackson,
The British Empire and the Second World War
, Hambledon Continuum, London, 2006, p. 66.

45
Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’
, pp. 239–41.

46
Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman (eds.),
War Diaries, 1939–1945: Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2001, p. 432 (entry for 21 July 1943).

47
W. L. Mackenzie King to Lord Moran, 9 June 1950, quoted in Lord Moran,
Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival, 1940–1965
, Constable, London, 1966, p. 109n.

48
Mackenzie King diary, 10 Aug. 1943.

49
Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’
, p. 253.

50
Mackenzie King diary, 11 Aug. 1943.

51
Philip Ziegler, ‘Mountbatten, Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas, first Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900–1979)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, Jan. 2008.

52
Danchev and Todman,
War Diaries
, p. 451 (entry for 30 Aug. 1943).

53
Wm. Roger Louis,
Imperialism at Bay: The United States and the Decolonization of the British Empire, 1941–1945
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977, pp. 281–2, 289–91, 307; Day,
Politics of War
, pp. 555–6.

54
Alexander Cadogan used this phrase about Stalin, Truman and Attlee at the close of the 1945 Potsdam conference, although this was presumably intended as a dig at the new Prime Minister: David Dilks (ed.),
The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan O.M., 1938–1945
, Cassell, London, 1971, p. 778 (entry for 2 Aug. 1945).

55
W. Averell Harriman and Elie Abel,
Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin. 1941–1946
, Random House, New York, 1975, p. 265.

56
‘Bohlen minutes’, 28 Nov. 1943, in FRUS,
The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran
, pp. 485–6.

57
Harriman and Abel,
Special Envoy
, p. 268.

58
‘Bohlen minutes’, 29 Nov. 1943, in FRUS,
Cairo and Tehran
, p. 554.

59
Martin Gilbert,
Winston S. Churchill
, vol. VII:
Road to Victory, 1941–1945
, Heinemann, London, 1986, p. 587.

60
Frances Perkins,
The Roosevelt I Knew
, HarperColophon, New York, 1964 (first published 1946), p. 84.

61
‘Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury [Violet Bonham Carter] in conversation with Kenneth Harris’,
Listener
, 17 Aug. 1967.

62
War Cabinet minutes, 7 Jan. 1943, WM (43) 4th, NA, CAB 195/2.

63
Louis,
Imperialism at Bay
, p. 310; WSC,
Hinge of Fate
, p. 520.

64
Charles W. Taussig memorandum, 16 Jan. 1945, quoted in Louis,
Imperialism at Bay
, pp. 437–8.

65
Ibid., pp. 348–9.

66
‘Through German Eyes’,
The Times
, 13 May 1944.

67
As Wavell noted: Moon,
Viceroy’s Journal
, p. 79 (entry for 11 July 1944).

68
Day,
Politics of War
, pp. 586–7; Mackenzie King diary, 15 May 1944.

69
Mackenzie King diary, 11 May 1944.

70
Day,
Politics of War
, pp. 587–97, quoting (at p. 588) WSC to Hastings Ismay, 16 April 1944, NA, PREM 3/63/8.

71
Clem Lloyd and Richard Hall (eds.),
Backroom Briefings: John Curtin’s War
, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 1997, pp. 210–11 (briefing of 3 July 1944).

72
‘Conference Results for Australia’,
Canberra Times
, 30 May 1944.

73
Day,
Politics of War
, pp. 594–5; Mackenzie King diary, 15 May 1944.

74
Reynolds,
Rich Relations
, pp. 218–19.

75
Ibid., p. 226; War Cabinet minutes, 13 Oct. 1942, WM (42) 140th, NA, CAB 195/2.

76
Dilks,
Cadogan Diaries
, p. 483 (entry for 13 Oct. 1942).

77
R. A. C. Parker,
The Second World War: A Short History
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997 (first published 1989), p. 198.

78
Moran,
Struggle for Survival
, p. 206.

79
Danchev and Todman,
War Diaries
, p. 589 (entry for 8 Sept. 1944).

80
John Colville,
The Fringes of Power: Downing Street Diaries, 1939–1955
, Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1985, p. 510 (entry for 7 Sept. 1944).

81
Joan Bright Astley,
The Inner Circle: A View of War at the Top
, Hutchinson, London, 1971, p. 153.

82
Mackenzie King diary, 12 Sept. 1944.

83
Ibid., 13 Sept. 1944.

84
See Brooke’s account of the conference in Danchev and Todman,
War Diaries
, esp. p. 592 (entry for 14 Sept. 1944).

85
Lord Ismay,
The Memoirs of Lord Ismay
, Heinemann, London, 1960, p. 375.

86
WSC to John Curtin, 15 Sept. 1944, in Dilks,
‘The Great Dominion’
, p. 342.

87
Blum,
Morgenthau Diaries
, p. 309 (entry for 19 Aug. 1944).

88
Peter Clarke,
The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire
, Allen Lane, London, 2007, pp. 65–6.

89
Colville,
Fringes of Power
, p. 515 (entry for 14 Sept. 1944).

90
WSC to Smuts, 9 Oct. 1944, in WSC,
The Second World War
, vol. VI:
Triumph and Tragedy
[first published by Cassell, London, 1954], CW, vol. XXVII, p. 502.

91
Barnes and Nicholson,
Empire at Bay
, p. 1018 (entry for 6 Nov. 1944).

92
‘Eden Statement on Moyne Murder’,
Palestine Post
, 10 Nov. 1944.

93
Clarke,
Last Thousand Days
, p. 91.

94
Quoted in ‘Yishuv Must Cast Out Pest’,
Palestine Post
, 9 Nov. 1944.