Authors: Jason Burke

Al-Qaeda (77 page)

Southeast Asia
227
–30;
see also

Bali; Philippines

Soviet Union: aid to Afghanistan
65
,
130
; and central Asia
191
; occupation of Afghanistan
56
,
59
,
64
,
75
,
79
,
80

Spain, Madrid bombings (2004)
267
–70,
282

Strasbourg, GSPC cell
219

Sudan
84
,
115
,
143
–5,
155
–6; bin Laden in
4
,
142
,
143
,
144
,
145
–6,
156

Sufaat, Yazid
229
–30

Sufism, Afghanistan
64
, Indonesia
228

suicide attacks
35
;
see also
bombings; martyrdom

Sultan, Prince, Saudi defence minister
136

Sunnah ul Islam (Iraq)
275

Sunni Muslims
28
–9,
60
,
128
; in Iraq
278
; in Pakistan
109
–10; radical groups
24

symbolism of al-Qaeda and bin Laden
38
–9

Tajiks, in Afghanistan
123
,
128

Tajikistan
128
,
191

Takfir wal Hijra
184
–5

taliban
, meaning of the word
93

Taliban
119
; attitude towards Kabul
130
–1; attitude towards women
131
,
132
–3,
134
–5,
193
–4; auxiliaries
190
–1; and bin Laden
xxiii
,
119
,
144
,
166
,
173
–4,
182
–4,
185
–7,
194
,
196
–7,
212
; campaign against
xiii
,
254
,
256
; and drugs trade
126
–7,
193
; executions by
116
–17,
131
; foreign relations
128
–9,
192
–3; ideology and roots
120
–4; narrow worldview
135
; and Pakistan
124
–8,
187
–90; regrouping
257
–8; return of
292
–3; rise to power
118
–19,
124
,
129
,
173
; and training camps
168

Tanweer, Shehzad
286
,
287
–8

Tanzeem Qaedat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (Iraq)
275

al-Tauhida, Abu Bakr
301

terrorism
22
,
294
; ‘Islamic’
22
–3,
24
–6,
32
,
102
,
306
–7,
312
–13; strategies against
312
–13; US assessment of
4
–5,
12
,
20
;
see also
‘War on Terror’

Thailand
110

Thalib, Jafar Umar
230

Tora Bora caves
xii
,
xxii
,
78
,
105
,
161
,
256
,
262
,
272

Trabelisi, Nizar
304

training camps
xxvi
,
9
,
13
,
20
,
77
–8,
84
–5,
86
,
89
,
95
,
98
,
104
–6,
166
–72; attacks on
180
,
188
,
292
; currently
260
; in Kurdistan
299
; Pakistan and
115
,
188
–9; structure
171
; in Sudan
145
,
146
; training courses
95
–6,
170
–1,
207
–8; in Yemen
141
;
see also
volunteers

al-Tubaiti, Zuhair Hilal Mohammed
232
,
262
–3

Tunisia
15
; attack in Djerba
263

al-Turabi, Hassan
84
,
144
–5,
155
,
156
,
184

Turkey, attacks in
263
,
309

Turkmenistan and Turkic Peoples
128

ulema
, interpreters of the Qu’ran
28
,
29
,
50
,
184
,
185
;in Afghanistan
63
,
64
,
123
; al-Banna on
48
; Deobandi
93
,
184
; in Saudi Arabia
138
–9,
164
; Wahhabi
44

umma
(community)
27
,
29
,
31
,
39
,
163
,
289
,
294

United Arab Emirates, and the Taliban
128

United Kingdom
15
; intelligence analysis
284
–5; Islamist activists in
218
–19,
304
; London bombings (2005)
283
–91,
309
; radicalization of Muslims
282
,
283
–4,
287
–8,
290
–91; volunteers from
282
;
see also
British government

United Nations
193
,
195
; and Afghanistan
128
,
180
; and Iraq
224
,
225
; Operation ‘Restore Hope’
141
–2

United States: aid to Afghanistan
59
,
60
,
65
; analysis of violence in Iraq
273
; attacks on US warship
199
,
213
,
215
,
216
; Battle of Mogadishu (1993)
148
,
149
; East African embassy bombings
6
,
19
,
158
–9,
177
–8,
199
; Gulf War (1990–1991)
136
,
138
; hatred of
23
,
195
,
295
; Operation ‘Infinite Reach’ (1998)
180
–81,
186
,
188
; presidential elections (2004)
280
–1; right-wingers
25
; and Sudan and bin Laden
156
; and the Taliban
128
–9,
185
,
192
–3; as target
154
–5,
165
,
175
–6,
181
,
235
; ‘War on Terror’
254
,
255
–6,
259
–61;
see also
CIA; FBI