A Queer History of the United States (42 page)

population: of Boston, 19, 106–7; of California, 46–47; of Chicago, 106–7; in colonial era, 19, 21, 22; community and, 106–7; eugenics and, 133; expansion and, 41, 46–47; of New York City, 19; of Philadelphia, 19; reproduction and, 133; of San Francisco, 46–47; slavery and, 21, 22; urbanization and, 105–6, 106–7, 129.
See also
urbanization

pornography, 214.
See also
obscenity

Port Huron Statement, 206, 208

Presley, Elvis, 194–95

Prime-Stevenson, Edward, 97, 99, 103

privacy: in 1960s, 209; in American Revolutionary War era, 39; art and, 126–28; automobiles and, 130–31; citizenship and, 39; in colonial era, 9–10, 18; community and, 47–48, 112, 122–28; culture and, 130–31; identity and, 130–31; laws and, 125; LGBT movements and, 209; literature and, 50, 125–26; marginalization and, 127–28; race and, 112, 126–28; in San Francisco, 47–48; segregation and, 112; urbanization and, 122–28; World War II and, 152, 156–57.
See also
liberty

A Problem in Greek Ethics
(Symonds), 80

A Problem in Modern Ethics
(Symonds), 80

Production Code, 119, 197

Progressive Era, 82, 132–33, 196

Proposition 6, 220–21

Proposition 8, 239

prostitution, 16, 84, 86, 104, 227.
See also
brothels

Protestantism, xvi, 5, 7–8, 117–18, 119, 219–20.
See also
Puritanism; Quakers

psychiatry, 158–59, 163–64, 166–67, 186, 218.
See also
psychology

psychology, 96, 164–65, 184–87, 190–91, 191–92, 217–18.
See also
psychiatry

Psychology for the Fighting Man
, 164–65

public sphere: in 1950s, 182; in 1960s, 209; African Americans and, 126–28; American Revolutionary War era and, 39; art and, 126–28; coming out and, 209; community and, 47–48, 112, 122–28, 182; consumerism and, 139; crime and, 123–25; entertainment, 182; journalism and, 124; laws and, 123–25; leisure and, 182; LGBT movements and, 182, 209; literature and, 50, 125–26; marginalization and, 127–28; race and, 112, 126–28; in San Francisco, 47–48; segregation and, 112; sexology and, 123; social purity movements and, 123–25; urbanization and, 122–28; World War II and, 152, 156–57

pulps, 187–88, 189

Puritanism, 6–18, 19, 20, 28, 85

purity, 16–18, 84, 226

Quakers, 7, 12–13, 15, 19–20

Quatrefoil
(Barr), 168, 183

Queer Eye for the Straight Guy
, xvii, 237

queer movements.
See
LGBT movements

Queer Nation, xvii, 232

race: in 1950s, 177, 201, 202–3; in 1960s, 177, 198–99, 203, 206; in 1970s, 216; alcohol and, 89–90; art and, 76–77; the body and, 57–58, 76–77; capitalism and, 83, 212; citizenship and, 127, 134; civilization and, 57; in colonial era, 21; community and, 112–13, 126–28, 177; conservative movements and, 221; desire and, 24, 25, 57, 58–62; in the East, literature of, 51; economy and, 83; education and, 89; entertainment and, 113, 115, 163, 198–99; eugenics, 132–33, 144; gender and, 90, 115, 132–37; heterosexuality and, 132–37; housing and, 108, 112–13, 177; identity and, 40, 132–37; immigration and, 83; Industrial Revolution and, 83; interracial relationships, 57–62, 174, 177, 241; labor and, 83, 88–95, 155, 156; laws and, 57–58; leisure and, 163; LGBT movements and, 202, 216; liberty and, 57; literature and, 57, 58–62, 127, 134–37, 169, 201, 202–3; marginalization and, 173–74; marriage and, 57–58, 174; military and, 153–54, 165–66; nature and, 51, 62; New York City and, 174–75; privacy and, 112, 126–28; public sphere and, 112, 126–28; Red Scare and, 143–44, 145; reproduction and, 57–58, 133; same-sex relationships and, 56–62; sexuality and, 57–62, 89–91; slavery and, 21; social purity movements and, 89–90, 100, 102–3; suffrage and, 89; urbanization and, 112–13, 173–75; violence and, 64–65, 82, 89–90, 91, 135–36, 173–74, 206; World War II and, 153–54, 155, 156, 163, 165–66, 169, 173–75.
See also
individual races

Radicalesbians, 202, 213

Ray, Nicholas, 191, 193

Reagan, Ronald, 162, 223, 230–31

rebel image, 190–95

Rebel Without a Cause
, 191–92, 193, 223

Red Scare, 142–48, 180

religion: in 1970s, 223–24; in 1980s, 226–27, 234–35; in American Civil War era, 63–64, 82; in American Revolutionary War era, 26–27, 35–36, 38, 64; art and, 75; the body and, 142; capital punishment and, 15; censorship and, 117–18, 119; in colonial era, 6, 7–8, 13, 20, 22–23; consumerism and, 140–42; education and, 101–2, 134–35; Enlightenment and, 26–27, 64; entertainment and, 117–18, 119; gender and, 28, 35–36, 38, 140–42; heterosexuality and, 140–42; identity and, xvi, 5, 17, 134–35; laws and, 8–11, 14–16, 22–23; LGBT movements and, 219–20, 221, 223–24; liberty and, 10, 13, 15, 20; persecuting society and, 64; Puritanism and, 7–8, 13; sin in, xvi, 11, 101, 135; slavery and, 22–23, 64; sodomy and, 26; and state, separation of, 26; transcendentalism and, 64.
See also
individual religions and sects

Renault, Mary, 183

reproduction: in 1960s, 206–7; birth control for, 86, 99, 100, 133, 147, 206–7; Christianity and, 85; in colonial era, 13; community and, 106; crime and, 91; eugenics and, 133; family and, 106; identity and, 99; laws and, 13, 57–58; LGBT movements and, 207; marriage and, 33, 57–58; masturbation and, 100; population and, 133; race and, 57–58, 133; social purity movements and, 91, 100; sodomy and, 8; World War II and, 170

Republican National Convention (1960), 177

Revolutionary era.
See
American Revolutionary War era

Rivera, Sylvia, 211

The Roaring Girl
(Middleton and Dekker), 6

Robertson, Pat, 221

rock and roll, 194–95, 204

Roman Catholic Church: AIDS and, 234–35; censorship and, 117–18, 119; in colonial era, 14; cross-dressing and, 6; entertainment and, 117–18, 119; identity and, 5; laws and, xv; LGBT movements and, 219–20; liberty and, 15; Protestantism and, 7–8

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 149–50, 154, 173, 235

Roosevelt, Theodore, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139

Rubin, Gayle, 214, 227, 230

Rustin, Bayard, xii, 203, 235

safe sex, 228, 229–30, 233, 234–35

Salem witch trials, 20

Salome
(Wilde), 116

same-sex relationships: in 1950s, 177–79, 193–94; in 1970s, 216, 217–18, 222–23; in 1980s, 224–28; in American Civil War era, 67–68, 70–74, 77–82; in American Revolutionary War era, 32–35, 36; consumerism and, 129–30; culture for, 179–80, 182–83, 197–201, 232, 236–38; in the East, literature of, 49–56, 58–62; economy and, 129–30; in Elizabethan era, 6–7; entertainment and, 118, 120–22; in Europe, 78–79; expansion and, 43–46, 48–56, 58–62; identity and, generally, 1, 129–30, 175; interracial relationships and, 57–62; as irrelevant, 181; labor and, 91–95; language for, xvi–xvii, 1, 77, 78, 80, 90–91, 95–99, 114; laws and, 18, 78–82; military and, 153–54, 155, 157–63, 164–67; as natural, xv, xvi, 78–79, 94, 164, 218; New Deal and, 149–51, 153; race and, 56–62; Red Scare and, 145–47; in the West, 43–46; World War II and, 153, 157–67, 167–70.
See also
desire; homosocial space

Sampson, Deborah, 1, 36–37, 38–39

Sandow, Eugen, 137

San Francisco: AIDS in, 227, 228, 229; community and, 46–48, 171; community in, 184, 216; culture in, 199; economy in, 47–48; expansion and, 46–48; housing in, 107; immigration in, 46–47; laws in, 47, 227; leisure in, 121, 227; LGBT movements and, 209, 224; population of, 46–47; social class in, 47–48; theater in, 198; urbanization and, 121; violence in, 47, 48, 209, 224; in World War II, 163

Sanger, Margaret, 100, 146

Sargent, John Singer, 76–77

Satter, Beryl, 84, 87, 132–33

Save Our Children, 219–20, 221, 222–23

Schulman, Sarah, 226, 228

science: in American Civil War era, 56, 78–79; citizenship and, 78–79; in colonial era, 26; in Kinsey Report, 160, 177–79; sexology, 78, 95–99, 105, 114, 115–16, 123, 126, 150

Second Great Awakening, 63–64, 84

segregation, 92, 93, 108, 112–13, 154

separation of church and state, 26

settlement houses, 108–11

Seutonius, xv, xvi, xviii

sexology, 78; community and, 114, 123; desire and, 95–99; entertainment and, 115–16; friendship and, 150; gender in, 95–96, 105; inversion in, 114, 123; language and, 95–99; literature and, 126; morality and, 100–102; public sphere and, 123; social purity movements and, 100–103; suffrage and, 96; urbanization and, 100–101

“Sexual Crimes” (Chaddock), 96–97, 103

sexual deviance.
See
deviance

sexuality: in American Revolutionary War era, 27–28; civilization and, 25; in colonial era, 2–5, 8–18, 23–25; in the East, literature of, 48–56; in Elizabethan era, 6–8; Enlightenment and, 27–28; entertainment and, 104–6, 113–22; expansion and, 41–46; as identity, generally, xviii; indentured servitude and, 57; labor and, 91–95; liberty and, 20, 27–28, 82, 84; of Native Americans, 2–5, 23–24, 24–25, 57; race and, 57–62, 89–91; restraint and, 84, 100; slavery and, 23–24, 57; suffrage and, 84; in the West, 41–46.
See also
desire

the sexual psychopath, 123–25, 159

Shively, Charley, 35, 65

Shulman, Irving, 190, 191

Shurtliff, Robert.
See
Sampson, Deborah

Sinatra, Frank, 192

Six-Horse Charley, 42

slavery: abolition of, 20, 23, 40, 64, 82, 84, 87; in American Civil War era, 22, 63, 64; in American Revolutionary War era, 29; capitalism and, 22; citizenship and, 21, 23; in colonial era, 13, 20, 21–25; equality and, 21; fantasies and, 24; feminism and, 33; hypersexuality and, 24; identity and, 40–41; individual and, 21; laws and, 23; liberty and, 21, 57, 63; literature on, 57; marginalization and, 23–25; morality and, 23–24; othering and, 23–25; persecuting society and, 21–25; population and, 21, 22; property and, 21, 23; race and, 21; rape and, 25; religion and, 22–23, 64; sexuality and, 23–24, 57; violence and, 24, 40–41.
See also
indentured servitude

Sleeping Hermaphrodite, 55, 98–99

slumming, 121–22

Smith, Jack, 199

Snell, Hannah, 37

social class, 47–48, 77, 83, 88, 154, 177

social purity movements: censorship and, 86, 95; citizenship and, 102–3; civil rights and, 91–93; community and, 111–12, 123–25; conservative movements and, 222, 239–40; crime and, 90–91, 123–25; desire and, 84, 87, 89, 95–99, 103, 111; education and, 100–102; family and, 100; fantasies and, 104; film and, 87; gender and, 101; individual and, 109; inversion and, 95–96; labor and, 88–91; language and, 90–91, 95–99; laws and, 86–87, 103, 123–25; liberty and, xix, 84, 85–86, 102–3; literature of, 100–102; marriage and, 86, 87, 242; masturbation and, 98, 100, 101, 103, 135; morality and, 84, 85–87, 100–102; motherhood and, 100; pleasure and, 88, 94, 99–100, 136; police and, 92; in Progressive Era, 132; public sphere and, 123–25; race and, 89–90, 100, 102–3; Red Scare and, 143, 144; reproduction and, 100; restraint and, 84, 100; sexology and, 100–103; suffrage and, 102–3; theater and, 104; urbanization and, 83–87, 100–101, 123–25; violence and, 84, 136.
See also
persecuting society

society: the body and, 17; in colonial era, 12–18, 20–25; deviance and, 15–16; in the East, literature of, 49–50; equality and, 49–50; individual and, 49–50; laws and, 17; liberty and, 16, 20; persecuting society, 16–18, 21–25, 39, 64, 75, 82, 150–51; power and, 16–18; Puritanism and, 12–18; sodomy and, 17.
See also
community; social purity movements

sodomites, xvi, 16

sodomy: in 1970s, 219; in American Revolutionary War era, 28, 30; as bestial, 14; capital punishment and, 20; in colonial era, 4, 10–11, 14, 28; Enlightenment and, 27; laws and, 17, 20, 27–28, 30, 58, 182–83, 219, 230, 236; LGBT movements and, 219; meaning of, generally, 17; military and, 158, 165; Native Americans and, 4; religion and, 26; reproduction and, 8; society and, 17; as unnatural, 25; World War II and, 158, 165

Some Like It Hot
, 197–98

“Song of Myself” (Whitman), 66–67, 76

South-Sea Idyls
(Stoddard), 58, 60, 61, 62, 67

Spanish-American War, 63, 132, 138

speech.
See
censorship; language