Tudor (77 page)

29
.
  
Guy,
My Heart is My Own
, pp. 205, 206.

36
   
Murder in the Family

  
1
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (286).

  
2
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (290). I have modernised some of the English and punctuation in this translation.

  
3
.
  
Ibid., and ditto.

  
4
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (144). The arrival in Scotland of Margaret Douglas' husband, the Earl of Lennox, had also triggered a realignment of the noble factions, with his allies lined up against those of Mary's illegitimate half-brother, the Protestant and pro-English Earl of Moray.

  
5
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (296).

  
6
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (314); Charlotte Isabelle Merton, ‘The Women who Served Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth', PhD diss., Trinity College, Cambridge (1992), pp. 64, 66.

  
7
.
  
Kristen Walton, ‘The Queen's Aunt; The King's Mother: Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, religion and politics in the Scottish Court, 1565–72' (unpublished), p. 3.

  
8
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (357).

  
9
.
  
Arthur and Edmund Pole. The Poles would remain in the Tower until their deaths.

10
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (365).

11
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (405).

12
.
  
CSPS
1 (409).

13
.
  
CSP
Scotland 2 (477).

14
.
  
The Duke of Savoy's ambassador Signor di Moretta,
CSPV
7, 1558–80, 20 March 1567 (384).

15
.
  
See Linda Porter,
Crown of Thistles: The Fatal Interitance of Mary, Queen of Scots
(2013).

16
.
  
De Lisle,
Sisters
, pp. 264, 265.

17
.
  
Sir David's daughter Ann married Sir Arthur Hopton; Blaauw, ‘On the Effigy . . .' in op. cit., p. 26.

18
.
  
Notes and Queries
, Eleventh Series, Vol. 5 (January-June 1912), p. 82, Eighth Series, Vol. 8 (February–August 1895), p. 233.

19
.
  
British Library Cotton Titus MS No. 107, ff. 124, 131.

20
.
  
Ibid.

21
.
  
Katherine's clothes and a prayer book survived into the twentieth century, along with a chest. The clothes and prayer book vanished, however, after the house was bombed during World War II. If these items really did belong to Katherine it suggests the Hoptons kept them almost as relics. It is also worth noting that Sir Owen attended Mary Grey's funeral ten years later. Thanks to Caroline Blois for information on the Katherine Grey prayer book and clothing. For Mary Grey's funeral, see de Lisle,
Sisters
, p. 290 and notes.

22
.
  
The Literary Remains of Lady Jane Grey
(ed Nicolas).

23
.
  
Andy Wood,
Riot, Rebellion and Popular Politics in Early Modern England
(2002), p. 73.

24
.
  
Speech to parliamentary deputation with a petition requesting she marry and name an heir, 1566 Levine EESQ pp. 184, 185. Susan Doran,
Monarchy and Matrimony: The courtships of Elizabeth I
(1996), p. 87.

37
   
Exit Margaret Douglas

  
1
.
  
These are only some of twenty-eight emblems and six verses.

  
2
.
  
CSP
Scotland 3 (110).

  
3
.
  
Charles had spent time imprisoned with her at Sheen in 1562, and in 1565 when she was in the Tower he had been placed in the care of a servant of the state, a man called John Vaughan.
CSPD
1 (25).

  
4
.
  
CSP
Scotland 5 (21).

  
5
.
  
A Collection of Letters and State Papers
, (comp. Howard), p. 237.

  
6
.
  
CSP
Scotland 5 (21). Those she was in touch with included John Lesley, Bishop of Ross and the Laird of Kilsyth.

  
7
.
  
Letter dated 3 December quoted in Kimberly Schutte, ‘A Biography of Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox (1515–1578): Niece of Henry VIII and Mother-in-law of Mary Queen of Scots' in
Studies in British History
(31 January 2002), pp. 229–30.

  
8
.
  
HMC Salisbury Vol. 13, Addenda, p. 123.

  
9
.
  
Bothwell was, in fact, still alive in Denmark.

10
.
  
CSP
Scotland 5 (210).

11
.
  
Robert Dudley had for several years had an affair with Margaret Douglas' god-daughter, who was named after her, ‘Douglas' Sheffield (the parents were Margaret's old confidants, the former Lord William Howard and his wife, now Earl and Countess of Effingham). But fearful of the queen's reaction if she found out, he had refused to marry her even after they had a son. The relationship was now over.

12
.
  
I have seen various dates given for her death. 10 March is the date given on her tomb, and fits with her will which was sealed on 11 March.

13
.
  
The will is available for download from the National Archives, Prob. 11/60.

38
   
The Virgin Queen

  
1
.
  
Queen Elizabeth I: Selected Works
(ed Steven W. May) (2004), p. 12.

  
2
.
  
Henry's views are expressed in the 1532 work,
A Glass of the Truth
.

  
3
.
  
Later in 1566; Jones,
Birth of the Elizabethan Age
, p. 119.

  
4
.
  
Ives,
The Reformation Experience
, p. 235.

  
5
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 1 (286).

  
6
.
  
Duffy,
Saints, Sacrilege, Sedition
, p. 240.

  
7
.
  
Ives,
The Reformation Experience
, p. 250; Doran,
Elizabeth I and Religion
, p. 65.

  
8
.
  
Doran,
Elizabeth I and Religion
, p. 53.

  
9
.
  
Merton, PhD diss., op. cit., p. 119.

10
.
  
Patrick Collinson, ‘Religion and Politics in the Progress of 1578'
in
The Progresses, Pageants and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth I
(ed Jayne Elizabeth Archer, Elizabeth Goldring and Sarah Knight) (2007), p. 138.

11
.
  
Ibid.

12
.
  
Queen Elizabeth I: Selected Works
(ed May), p. 12.

13
.
  
It appears Elizabeth tried to destroy Robert Dudley's marriage by persuading Douglas Sheffield to claim he had already married her, but this failed. For the timing of Dudley's disgrace, see Simon Adams on Robert Dudley, etc. in the
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
.

14
.
  
See Appendix 5.

39
   
The Daughter of Debate

  
1
.
  
A young English captain, one of a number of English volunteers supporting the Protestant rebels, was at the prince's Delft residence, the Prinsenhof, when the assassination took place. The captain dropped to his knee as William of Orange emerged from lunch with his family. Orange rested his hand briefly on the captain's head, before turning to mount the stairs to his chamber. As he did so another man stepped forward, and pointing a pistol point blank at the prince fired three shots into his body. Two passed straight through him, lodging in the stairway wall. The third remained under his breastbone. William of Orange was carried to an adjoining room and died as his weeping wife tried desperately to staunch his wounds. His murderer was tortured to death in public: his hand was burned off with an iron, and flesh torn from his body in six places with pincers before he was drawn and quartered. Lisa Jardine,
The Awful End of William the Silent
(2005), p. 50.

2
.
  
Something he had been trying to achieve since 1563.

  
3
.
  
CSP
Scotland 15 August 1584.

  
4
.
  
Ibid.

  
5
.
  
Ibid.

  
6
.
  
Ibid.

  
7
.
  
Lettres, Instructions & Memoires de Marie Stuart, Reine D'Ecosse
(ed Alexandre Labanoff) (1844), Vol. 6, p. 125.

  
8
.
  
J. Lynch, ‘Philip II and the Papacy' in
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, Fifth Series, Vol. 11 (1961), pp. 23, 24.

  
9
.
  
Anne Somerset,
Elizabeth I
(1991), p. 518.

10
.
  
See Penry Williams, ‘Anthony Babington' in
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
.

11
.
  
Stephen Alford,
The Watchers
(2012), p. 213.

12
.
  
Ibid., p. 235.

13
.
  
Harris D. Willson,
King James VI and I
(1956), p. 73.

14
.
  
Lettres, Instructions & Memoires de Marie Stuart, Reine D'Ecosse
, (ed Labanoff), Vol. 6, pp. 474–80.

15
.
  
Guy,
My Heart is My Own
, p. 4.

16
.
  
The Hon. Mrs Maxwell Scott,
The Tragedy of Fotheringay
(1895), pp. 417–23.

17
.
  
CSPS
Simancas 4 (35).

40
   
The Armada

  
1
.
  
Lynch, ‘Philip II and the Papacy' in op. cit., pp. 37, 38.

  
2
.
  
Ibid.

  
3
.
  
Captain Cuellar's Adventures in Connacht & Ulster, 1588
(ed Hugh Allington), p. 49.

  
4
.
  
That brave Lancastrian queen, Margaret of Anjou, was to be damned by Shakespeare as a ‘she-wolf', and ‘a tiger's heart wrapped in a woman's hide' for having taken political leadership of her mad husband's armies.

  
5
.
  
http://www.lukehistory.com/ballads/tilsbury.html
, Thomas Deloney; Elizabeth is often depicted on a white horse, although no written record describes her mount in this detail.

  
6
.
  
The Lord Marshal was Sir John Norris;
http://www.lukehistory.com/ballads/tilsbury.html
, Thomas Deloney.

  
7
.
  
James Aske, ‘Elizabetha Triumphans' in Nichols,
Progresses and Processions of Queen Elizabeth
, Vol. 2, p. 570.

  
8
.
  
Dr Leonel Sharp, who recorded the best-known version of the Tilbury speech.

  
9
.
  
Anna Whitelock, ‘Woman, Warrior Queen' in
Tudor Queenship
(ed Hunt and Whitelock), pp. 173–91.

10
.
  
The words are not exactly Elizabeth's, but the evidence suggests it is an accurate representation of them. Deloney's contemporary verse records: ‘And then bespake our noble Queene, my louing friends and countriemen:/I hope this day the worst is seen, that in our wars ye shall sustain./But if our enimies do assaile you, neuer let your stomackes falle you./For in the midst of all your troupe, we our selues will be in place:/To be you ioy, your guide and comfort, euen before your enimies face'.