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Paul�s case was not one of great importance, but the trial became historically significant because of the murder of Pedanus Secundus, which caused a sensation all over Rome. Only two months later, he was brutally murdered with a dagger by one of his own slaves as he lay in his own bed. The real reason for the murder was never discovered, but I can honestly say that I do not believe my father-in-law was involved in any way. Our old laws prescribe that if a slave murders his lord, all the slaves under the same roof shall be put to death. This is a necessary law dictated by long experience and the demands of public security. But Pedanus had over five hundred slaves in his household and the people began to protest and obstruct their passage to the place of execution. The Senate had to be summoned to deal with the matter. The most astonishing thing, and also the clearest evidence of the decay of our customs, was that several senators seriously wished to obstruct the law in this case. Several of Seneca�s friends said openly that in their view a slave was also a human being and that it would not be proper to punish the innocent alongside the guilty. Senator Pudens and my own father rose to their feet and opposed such cruelty. Even the slave was excused on the grounds that he had only avenged old injustices. It was then said, with some justification, that in that case who could feel themselves safe in their own houses if Pedanus� slaves were to be pardoned? Our forefathers had laid down the laws and had, with good reason, mistrusted even slaves born in the household and attached to their masters since childhood. Nowadays there were also slaves from wholly differing peoples with alien customs and alien gods. Now, for the first time, it was openly intimated that in the Senate itself there were men who had secretly gone over to an alien religion and who were now trying to defend their fellow believers. At the vote, fortunately for Rome, the adherents to the law were victorious. The crowds that had gathered about Pedanus� house picked up stones and threatened arson. The Praetorians had to be called out to help the city police, and Nero made a stern proclamation. A double line of soldiers flanked the streets along which the five hundred were driven to the execution place. Stones were thrown and insults shouted, but there was no real
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riot. A considerable number of Pedanus� slaves seemed to be Christians, for other Christians mingled in the crowd, warning people against violence and explaining that their teaching did not allow evil to be met with evil. One good thing about all this was that my father-in-law, Flavius Sabinus, retrieved his office of Prefect. The Senate and the people were given something else to talk about; Poppaea�s pregnancy began to arouse a certain compassion among fainthearted people. Nero wanted his child to be born in Antium, where he himself had been born. Perhaps he thought that such a happy event would cleanse the estate he had inherited from Agrippina of its sorrowful memories. Certainly he considered Rome in the heat of summer and with its many smells an unhealthy place for the delivery. Before Poppaea went to Antium, I had the pleasure of meeting her again. Pregnancy had not spoiled her beauty, and her eyes had a gentle brilliance which gave her a mild and feminine expression. �Is it true,� I said carefully, �that you�ve begun to worship the Jewish god? That�s what they say in Rome. They say you�ve made Nero favor the Jews at the expense of others.� �You must admit,� replied Poppaea, �that the Jewish prophecy has come true. When things were at their most difficult for me, in order to secure my position I promised always to respect their god, who is so powerful that there is not even an image of him. And Moses too. I�d never even dare go to Antium for the delivery of our child if I couldn�t take a Jewish physician with me. I�m taking several wise old Jewish women, too, and of course a trained Greek and Roman physician as well, for safety�s sake.� �Have you heard mention of Jesus of Nazareth, too?� I asked. �The king of the Jews?� �I know there are several different kinds of holy men among the Jews,� said Poppaea. �They have strict laws, but a devout woman in my position doesn�t have to bother about the laws so much as long as I just acknowledge the horned Moses and don�t drink blood.� I realized that her ideas about the Jewish faith were just as vague as those of most other Romans, who quite simply could not imagine a god without an image. A weight fell from my heart. If Poppaea had known that the Jews hated Paul like the plague,
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she would hardly have thanked Nero and me for releasing Paul to continue causing bitter dissension among the Jews. So Poppaea went to Antium and I hoped her child would be born soon, for Nero was a trying companion during the period of waiting. When he sang, he had to be congratulated. When he drove his chariot, he had to be praised for his skill. He began meeting Acte again in secret and had temporary relations with noble ladies who were not very particular about the sanctity of marriage. Tigellinus introduced him to his favorite boys. When we discussed this, Nero pointed to the example of the Greeks and justified his actions. �When the goblet was knocked from my hand,� he argued, �I became a holy man. It was an omen that I shall be proclaimed a god after my death. The gods are bisexual. I shouldn�t feel myself completely godlike if I could not love handsome boys for amusement. Anyhow, Poppaea prefers me to play about with boys, if I must, rather than with ambitious women. Then she feels she needn�t be jealous and always afraid I�ll go and make someone pregnant by mistake.� I saw my son Jucundus only seldom. Barbus had moved from my house and settled at Tullia�s, as he considered himself the boy�s mentor. This was necessary, because Tullia spoiled Jucundus and let him do whatever he wanted. He became more and more of a stranger to me. I was tolerated in my wife Sabina�s house only when she wanted money. Little Lausus was a stranger. He was surprisingly dark- skinned and curly-haired. I felt no desire to take him in my arms and play with him and Sabina reproached me and said I was an unnatural father. I remarked that the boy seemed to have more than enough fathers to play with among the animal trainers. This was true. If I ever expressed a desire to see the boy, Epaphroditus at once appeared and came forward to show how much Lausus preferred him. Sabina turned pale with rage and demanded that at least in the presence of others I should not make such unsuitable jokes. She had her own circle of friends among the noble ladies who took their children with them to see the animals and the bold tricks of the animal trainers. It was fashionable in noble households to keep gazelles and leopards, and I had a great deal of
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trouble with unscrupulous rogues who contravened my sole rights and imported these animals into the city to sell at lower prices. Wild British bloodhounds were also brought to Rome and I received good prices for their puppies. In the end, Poppaea gave birth to a well-formed daughter, and Nero was just as delighted as if he had had a son. He smothered Poppaea with presents and behaved in every way like a young father dazed with happiness. The whole of the Senate went to Antium to present their good wishes, as did everyone who thought himself of importance in Rome. The river boats and the ships from Ostia were packed. The wretched road from Aricia to Antium was so choked with vehicles and sedans that the traffic moved intolerably slowly. One of my freedmen made a fortune by setting up temporary accommodation and catering places along the roadside. The infant was given the name of Claudia and also the name of honor, Augusta. At the wine-goblet ceremony some simpleminded person happened to suggest that Poppaea Sabina should be honored in the same way and no one dared oppose the suggestion, as Nero himself was present. Poppaea Sabina sent some sacred articles of gold as a thank-offering to the temple in Jerusalem and her Jewish physician received Roman citizenship. For my part, I had been prepared well ahead. During the days of thanksgiving, we arranged such a brilliant display of animal fights in the wooden theater that in the eyes of the people, they for once outshone the races in the great circus, although I say it myself. The Vestal Virgins honored my displays with their presence and I heard people say that I had developed the training of wild animals to a fine art. Sabina drove around the arena dressed as an Amazon in a gilded chariot drawn by four lions, receiving on my behalf the overwhelming applause of the spectators. With tremendous difficulty, I had managed to acquire some giant hairy apes in place of the ones that had died. I wanted to have them when they were quite small, and they were reared and trained by yellow-skinned dwarfs who in darkest Africa live with the giant apes. These apes could use stones and cudgels when they fought against each other. The most teachable of them were dressed as gladiators, and some of the spectators thought they were men and
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not animals. There were quarrels about it in the stands, which ended in a brawl in which one citizen was killed and a dozen or so injured. So the whole performance was as successful as one could have wished for. This time I at last received compensation for the money I had laid out and lost. Seneca no longer kept his miserly eye on the State treasury and Nero neither understood finance nor was entirely clear on the difference between the State treasury and the Emperor�s fiscus. So I charged them both and, with the help of my freedmen, put the money into apartments in Rome and land in Caere. But Nero�s happiness as a father did not last long. It was a wet autumn and the Tiber rose alarmingly, its poisonous vapors spreading a throat infection all over the city which was not fatal for adults but from which infants died in great numbers. Even Nero sickened of it, became so hoarse that he could hardly say a word and feared that he had lost his singing voice for ever. Sacrifices of atonement for his voice were made in all the temples, both by the State and by individuals. But hardly had he begun to get better when his daughter fell ill and died within a few days, in spite of the doctors� efforts and intercessions by the Jews. Poppaea was dazed with lack of sleep and grief and furiously accused Nero for embracing and kissing his child all day and every day, in spite of his sore throat. Nero was under the superstitious impression that the public and private sacrifices had not been sufficient to appease the gods and save his voice. The gods had also demanded his daughter. This strengthened his conviction that it was intended that he should become the greatest artist of his time, and this lessened his grief. The shaken Senate immediately bestowed the rank of goddess on Claudia Augusta, with the accompanying cushion at her funeral. They also decided to build a temple in her honor and formed a special pontifex priesthood for the purpose. Nero was secretly convinced that it was in fact his voice which was to be worshiped in the new temple and that the sacrifices would make his voice even finer. So the new priesthood had a special secret ritual, over and above the official sacrifices, which was not allowed to be revealed
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to outsiders. Nero�s voice did in fact become much stronger, just as it had after Agrippina�s death, and it now sounded both resonant and as sweet as honey so that audiences were deeply moved. I myself was not deeply moved when I heard him, but I am just repeating what more knowledgeable judges than I assured him. Nero put on weight and let his cheeks and chin fill out when he was told that the strongest tenor voices needed plenty of flesh on the bones to withstand the strain of singing. Poppaea was only too pleased that he spent his time on singing exercises rather than on more dissolute activities. After the death of his daughter, Nero concentrated all winter on training his voice, to the extent that matters of State became merely an unnecessary worry to him. He neglected the meetings of the Senate because he was afraid of catching cold on the icy floor of the Curia. When he arrived at a meeting, he came with his feet wrapped in wool and usually on foot, and he always rose humbly from his place when the Consul addressed him. After his first sneeze, he left hurriedly, leaving important matters to be settled in the Senate committees. One day during the winter, shortly before the feast of Saturnalia, Claudia said that she must see me, for she had an important matter to discuss which was for my ears alone. When I had completed my daily business with my clients and freedmen, I allowed her to come into my room, fearing that once again she was going to start talking about repentance and Christian baptism. But Claudia was wringing her hands. �Oh, Minutus,� she wailed, �I am prey to contending feelings. I am flung hither and thither and feel like a piece of chewed string. I�ve done something which I�ve not dared tell you about. But look at me first. Do you think I have changed in any way?� To be honest, she had at times been so repugnant to me because of her intolerable chatter and her Christian knowingness, that I had not even wanted to look at her. But warmed by her submissiveness, I now looked at her a little more closely and saw to my surprise that the sunburn from her time as a slave had vanished from her soft-skinned face. She was well dressed and her hair was set in the latest Creek fashion.
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I clapped my hands together in surprise and cried with genuine flattery, �You look like the most noble of Roman ladies with your figure and fine posture. I suspect you�ve been bathing your face in ass�s milk in secret.� Claudia flushed deeply. �It�s not from vanity that I�ve looked after my appearance,� she said hurriedly, �but because you have entrusted me with your large household. Modesty and unpretentiousness are a woman�s best adornment, but your clients and the meat traders of the Basilica don�t wish to believe that. What I meant was, do you see any resemblance to Emperor Claudius in my face?� �No, of course not,� I said at once, to calm her. �You needn�t worry about that. Old man Claudius� looks were nothing to boast about. But you�ve grown into a beautiful woman, especially now you�ve had your eyebrows plucked.� Claudia was obviously disappointed by my words. �You�re wrong, I�m sure,� she said sullenly. �Aunt Paulina and I have secretly been to see my younger half sister, Antonia, out of pity for her lonely existence. Claudius had her first husband murdered and Nero her second, so no one dares to be seen with her now she has returned from Massilia. Her sufferings have taught her to see things from another viewpoint now. She offered us mead and fruit tart and gave me a gold hairnet. As things are now, she would perhaps be prepared to acknowledge me as her legal sister. She and I are the only genuine Claudians left.� I was appalled when I saw that because of her feminine ambitions she was still attached to her imaginary vanities. She looked at me with her strangely glowing eyes, sighing deeply so that her full bosom rose, and then she seized my hand in both hers so I backed away in alarm. �What is it you really want, unhappy Claudia?� I asked. �Minutus,� she said, �you must know yourself that your life cannot go on as hitherto. Your marriage to Sabina is no real marriage. You are stupid if you�ve not grasped that. All Rome laughs at it. In your youth you made a certain promise to me. Now you are a grown man, the age difference between us is no longer as great as it seemed then. In fact it is scarcely noticeable. Minutus, you must separate from Sabina for your own standing�s sake.�