Authors: Barbara Tuchman
149
Bülow and the lapels: Nowak, 226.
150
Holstein’s explanation and Bülow’s instructions:
GP
, XV, Nos. 4255, 4217, 4245–6-7.
151
Public resolutions: F.O. 83, 1699.
152
Balfour, “A sanguine view”:
ibid.
153
Stead: All the material on Stead in these pages is from Whyte’s biography with the exception of the story about Charles II, which is from Esher, I, 229; the Prince of Wales’s opinion of the Czar as “weak as water,” which is from Warwick, 136; and the Russian complaint of being “embarrassed,” which was relayed by Ambassador Sir Charles Scott, Jan. 14, 1899, F.O. 83, 1699.
154
Henley, “the battle spirit”: from “Rhymes and Rhythms,” No. XVI, first published in
Poems
, 1898.
155
Nevinson:
Changes and Chances
(
see
Chap. 1), 130.
156
Mahan, “no greater misfortune”: q. Puleston (
see
Chap. 3), 171.
157
“Assured of certain certainties”: T. S. Eliot, “The Waste Land.”
158
Yeats’ poem: in his autobiography,
The Trembling of the Veil
, 415.
159
Boston Peace Crusade “permanent tribunal”: Davis, 62.
160
McKinley urged to appoint Eliot:
ibid.
, 68.
161
Kaiser on Mahan, “Our greatest foe”:
GP
, XV, n. to 4250.
162
Bourgeois, “amiable, elegant”: Zevaès (
see
Chap. 4), v. 141, 202; “cultivated fine beard”: Suarez (
see
Chap. 8), I, 420.
163
“To renounce war”: General Barail, q.
Figaro
, Aug. 31, 1898.
164
Mme Adam, “I am for war”: Suttner, II, 233.
165
“Beating empty air”: q. Davis, 88.
166
Baron Stengel’s pamphlet: Drummond to F.O., Apr. 6, 1899; Tate, 230, n. 44.
167
“Never give way”: Mowat, 300; “soul of honor”:
ibid.
, 295.
168
“When Peel lost his temper”: Birrell (
see
Chap. 7), 126–27.
169
Fisher: the material in these three paragraphs is from Bacon’s biography except for the last line, “So I did,” which is from Fisher’s
Records
, 55.
170
The Hague during the Conference: chiefly from reports by the correspondent of
Le Temps
, May 10, 20, 24, 25;
Figaro
, May 20; White, Mowat, Suttner. The Huis ten Bosch was visited by author in 1963.
171
“A printer’s error”: q. Davis, 86.
172
Beernaert “greatest cynic”: Neal Ascherson,
The King Incorporated
, London, 1963, 142.
173
Münster, “political riff-raff”:
GP
, XV, 4327.
174
Reichstag deputies:
The Times
, May 11, 1899.
175
Fisher, “humanizing war!”
et seq.:
Stead,
Review of Reviews
, Feb., 1910, 117.
176
Hotel Kurhaus:
Letters
, I, 142.
177
Stead on Fisher: q. Bacon, I, 121.
178
He learned from German naval delegate:
ibid.
, 128, 177.
179
“Deepest seriousness”: q. Taylor (
see
Chap. 3), 99.
180
Fisher on neutral coal: Bacon, I, 128.
181
Captain Siegel’s argument:
GP
, XV, 4274.
182
Ardagh’s speech on dumdums: June 14, F.O. 83, 1695.
183
“The angel of arbitration”: q. Reinach (
see
Chap. 4), V, 173, n. 2.
184
Society’s “awful conscience”: Hunter (
see
Chap. 8), 30.
185
D’Estournelles’ story of Jaurès: White, 300.
186
Kaiser, “this whole hoax”:
GP
, XV, 4276.
187
Efforts to persuade Germany on arbitration: White, II, 265–313. Pauncefote Memorandum, June 19, F.O. 83, 1695, and other reports in F.O. 83, 1700;
GP
, XV, 4276, 4280, 4284, 4317, 4320, 4349.
188
Kaiser’s disgust, “I consented …”:
GP
, XV, 4320.
189
“Zeal almost macabre”:
Le Temps
, editorial, July 27.
190
Mahan blocks arbitration: Puleston (
see
Chap. 3), 211; White, 338–41.
191
As if the hand of God: Clynes (
see
Chap. 7), 98; “With a kind of shiver”: M. Radziwill,
Letters
(
see
Chap. 4), Jan. 2, 1900, 237.
192
Kaiser to Fritz Krupp: from the Krupp archives, q. William Manchester, “The House of Krupp,”
Holiday
, Dec., 1964, 110.
193
Three hundred men “all acquainted”: q. Kessler (
see
Chap. 8), 121.
194
“Then in 1900,” wrote Yeats: Introduction to
Oxford Book of Modern Verse.
195
Henry Adams expecting a bomb:
Education
, 494–95.
196
Exposition:
l’illustration
and
Le Monde Illustré, passim
through the summer;
Outlook
, Sept. 8, Nov. 10, 1900, Jan. 5, 1901;
Harper’s Monthly
, Sept., 1900;
Blackwood’s
, July, 1900;
Nation
, June 28, 1900.
197
“It seemed merely a matter of decades”: Zweig (
see
Chap. 6), 3.
198
Balfour wished to appoint Mahan Regius Professor: Magnus,
Edward VII
, 306.
199
Jusserand and Philander Knox on Roosevelt: Jules Jusserand,
What Me Befell
, Boston, 1934, 241; Sullivan (
see
Chap. 3), II, 438 n.
200
Roosevelt’s visit to Eliot: James,
Eliot
(
see
Chap. 3), II, 159.
201
Roosevelt, “foolish theory”: to Spring-Rice, Dec. 21, 1907, VI, 871; “weakening of fighting spirit”:
ibid.;
“I abhor men like Hale: to Speck von Sternberg, July 16, 1907, V, 721; “General softening of fibre”: to White-law Reid, Sept. 11, 1905, V, 19.
202
Kaiser, “That’s my man!”: Bülow, I, 658.
203
D’Estournelles’ visit to Roosevelt: Suttner, II, 390–91.
204
Hay, “I have it all arranged”: Tyler Dennett,
John Hay
, New York, 1933, 346.
205
Fisher proposes to “Copenhagen” German fleet: Bacon, II, 74–75.
206
“Ach, that damned Reichstag!”: Bülow, II, 36–37.
207
Czar’s hint conveyed to Washington: Roosevelt to Carl Schurz, Sept. 15, 1905, V, 30–31. The letter to Root, Sept. 14, 1905, V, 26.
208
C.-B., “so straight, so good-tempered”: Lee (
see
Chap. 1), II, 442.
209
C.-B., “What nobler role”: at Albert Hall, Dec. 21, 1905, Spender, II, 208.
210
Damnable, Domineering and Dictatorial: Bacon, I, 207.
211
Izvolsky, “a craze of Jews”:
GP
, XXIII, 7879.
212
C.-B., “Long live the Duma!”: C.-B. delivered the speech in French, Spender, II, 264.
213
Kaiser hoped Conference “would not take place”:
GP
, XXIII, 7815. On King Edward’s visit:
ibid.;
also 7823, 7825–26.
214
“Alert, aggressive, military”: to Oscar Straus, Feb. 27, 1906, V, 168.
215
“Maudlin extreme”: to Reid, Aug. 7, 1906, V, 348; talk with Count Gleichen: Lee, II, 437. Another visitor who found American amenities less than satisfactory was Count Witte. During his mission to the Portsmouth Peace Conference he said the only decent meal he had had in America was on board Morgan’s yacht (Witte, 169).
216
Navy “more potent for peace”: Sept. 22, 1906, V, 421.
217
Carnegie agreed to donate Peace palace: Hendrick, II, 164.
218
Root, “failures necessary steps”: Jessup, II, 70.
219
First issue of the
Nation:
Mar. 2, 1907.
220
“I suppose he will support”: Lee, II, 467.
221
Sir Edward Grey and all other diplomatic exchanges: Nevins (
see
Chap. 1), 249, 252, 258–59; Hull, 49–50; U. S., Scott, Vol. II;
GP
, XXIII, 7750, 7869, 7927, 7986.
222
Carnegie’s visit to Kaiser: Hend rick. II, 299–318.
223
Mahan, “prepossession of the public mind”: Puleston (
see
Chap. 3), 270, 280.
224
German officers drank to “The Day”: Usher, 1.
225
Visiting Englishman at spa near Bayreuth: Buchan (
see
Chap. 1), 55.
226
Root, “tendency toward war”: Jessup, II, 25.
227
Landsowne on Old Age Pensions:
The Times
, July 21, 1908.
228
Marquis de Soveral: Warwick,
Discretions
, 20; also F. Ponsonby, 216 (
both
Chap. 1).
229
“A damned good fellow”: q. Mowat, 297.
230
Baron Marschall’s appearance and habits: Gardiner,
Pillars
(
see
Chap. 1), 160–68; Barclay (
see
Chap. 4), 281. His opinions of delegates: to Bülow, July 28, 1907,
GP
, XXIII, 7961.
231
Austin’s letter to
The Times:
Oct. 17, 1907.
232
Domela Nieuwenhuis: Adam, 655.
233
Fry’s speech and comments: Hull, 72–74; White, II, 291.
234
Proceedings of the Conference: Scott, I, 110,
et seq.
Baron Marschall’s report to Bülow,
GP
, XXIII, 7963; Grey’s instructions on limiting “prospective liability” is No. 11 in F.O. correspondence, Cd. 3857.
235
Roosevelt, “I have not followed”: July 2, 1907, V, 700; “Utterly disgusted”: July 16, 1907, V, 720–21.
236
“Decayed Oriental states”: M. W. Hazeltine, “The Second Peace Conference,”
North American Review
, Nov., 1907.
237
“Was it a Peace Conference?”: q. Choate, 40.