Read The History of England - Vols. 1 to 6 Online
Authors: David Hume
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they could not be spoilt by the carriage: Yet seventeen carts and one waggon suffices for the whole, p. 391. One cart suffices for all his kitchen utensils, cooks beds, &c. p.
388. One remarkable circumstance is, that he has eleven priests in his house, besides seventeen persons, chanters, musicians, &c. belonging to his chapel: Yet he has only two cooks for a family of 223 persons, p. 325.
*
Their meals were certainly dressed in the slovenly manner of a ship’s company. It is amusing to observe the pompous and even royal style assumed by this Tartar chief: He does not give any orders, though only for the right making of mustard; but it is introduced with this preamble,
It
seemeth good to us and our council.
If we consider the magnificent and elegant manner in which the Venetian and other Italian noblemen then lived, with the progress made by the Italians in literature and the fine arts, we shall not wonder that they considered the ultra-mountaine nations as barbarous. The Flemish also seem to have much excelled the English and even the French. Yet the earl is sometimes not deficient in generosity: He pays for instance, an annual pension of a groat a year to my lady of Walsingham, for her interest in Heaven; the same sum to the holy blood at Hales, p. 337. No mention is any where made of plate; but only of the hiring of pewter vessels. The servants seem all to have bought their own cloaths from their wages.
[l]4 H. 7. cap. 24. The practice of breaking entails by means of a fine and recovery
was introduced in the reign of Edward the IVth; But it was not, properly speaking, law, till the statute of Henry the VIIth; which, by correcting some abuses that attended that practice, gave indirectly a sanction to it.
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[n]Herbert, Stowe, p. 486. Hollingshed, p. 799.
[q]Herbert, Stowe, p. 486. Hollingshed, p. 799. Polyd. Virg. lib. 27.
[r]Herbert, Hollingshed, p. 804.
[s]This parliament met on the 21st January, 1510. A law was there enacted, in order to
prevent some abuses which had prevailed during the late reign. The forfeiture upon the penal statutes was reduced to the term of three years. Costs and damages were given against informers upon acquittal of the accused: More severe punishments were enacted against perjury: The false inquisitions procured by Empson and Dudley, were declared null and invalid. Traverses were allowed; and the time of tendering them enlarged. 1 H. 8. c. 8, 10, 11, 12.
[w]Spelman, Concil. vol. ii. p. 725.
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[z]Guicciard. lib. 11. P. Daniel, vol. ii. p. 1893. Herbert. Hollingshed, p. 831.
[a]Herbert. Hollingshed, p. 811.
[b]Herbert. Hollingshed, p. 813.
[c]Polydore Virgil, lib. 27. Stowe, p. 490. Lanquet’s Epitome of chronicles, fol. 273.
[i]Stowe, p. 489. Hollingshed, p. 811.
[k]Buchanan, lib. 13. Drummond in the life of James IV.
[m]Cavendish, Fiddes’s life of Wolsey. Stowe.
[n]Antiq. Brit. Eccles. p. 309. Polydore Virgil, lib. 27.
[o]Cavendish, p. 12. Stowe, p. 499.
[p]It was a maxim of Howard’s, that no admiral was good for any thing that was not
brave even to a degree of madness. As the sea-service requires much less plan and contrivance and capacity than the land, this maxim has great plausibility and appearance of truth: Though the fate of Howard himself may serve as a proof that even there courage ought to be tempered with discretion.
[q]Stowe, p. 491. Herbert, Hollingshed, p. 816.
[r]Polydore Virgil, lib. 27. Belcarius, lib. 14.
[s]Hist. de Chev. Bayard, chap. 57. Memoires de Bellai.
[t]Memoires de Bellai, liv. 1. Polydore Virgil, liv. 27. Hollingshed, p. 822. Herbert.
[u]Memoires du mareschal de Fleuranges, Bellarius, lib. 14.
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[x]Strype’s Memorials, vol. i. p. 5, 6.
[z]Buchanan, lib. 13. Drummond. Herbert. Polydore Virgil, lib. 27. Stowe, p. 493.
Paulus Jovius.
[a]Buchanan, lib. 13. Herbert.
[b]Petrus de Angleria Epist. 545, 546.
[d]Brantome Eloge de Louis XII.
[e]Petrus de Angleria, Epist. 544.
[f]Erasm. Epist. lib. 2. epist. 1. lib. 16. epist. 3
[g]Polydore Virgil, lib. 27. Stowe, p. 501. Holingshed, p. 847.
[i]Sir Thomas More. Stowe, p. 504.
[k]Erasm. lib. 2. epist. 1. Cavendish, Hall.
[l]Buchanan, lib. 14. Drummond, Herbert.
[m]Buchanan, lib. 14. Drummond.
[n]Memoires du Bellai, lib. 1. Guicciardini, lib. 12.
[o]Histoire de la Ligue de Cambrey.
[p]Pere Daniel, vol. iii. p. 31.
[r]Petrus de Angleria, epist. 568.
[u]Memoires du Bellay, lib. i.
[x]Strype’s Memorials, vol. i. p. 125.
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[y]Polydore Virgil, lib. 27. This whole narrative has been copied by all the historians
from the author here cited: There are many circumstances, however, very suspicious, both because of the obvious partiality of the historian, and because the parliament, when they afterwards examined Wolsey’s conduct, could find no proof of any material offence he had ever committed.
[z]Belcaria, lib. 16. Guicciardin, lib. 13.
[b]Polydore Virgil, lib. xxvii. Herbert. Hollingshed. p. 855.
[d]An angel was then estimated at seven shillings, or near twelve of our present
money.
[h]Herbert. Hall. Stowe, 513. Holingshed, p. 862.
[NOTE [D]]
Protestant writers have imagined, that, because a man could purchase for a shilling an indulgence for the most enormous and unheard-of crimes, there must necessarily have ensued a total dissolution of morality, and consequently of civil society, from the practices of the Romish church. They do not consider, that, after all these indulgences were promulgated, there still remained (besides Hell-fire) the punishment by the civil magistrate, the infamy of the world, and secret remorses of conscience, which are the great motives that operate on mankind. The philosophy of
Cicero,
who allowed of an
Elysium,
but rejected all
Tartarus,
was a much more universal indulgence than that preached by
Arcemboldi
or
Tetzel:
Yet nobody will suspect
Cicero
of any design to promote immorality. The sale of indulgences seems, therefore, no more criminal than any other cheat of the church of Rome, or of any other church. The reformers, by entirely abolishing purgatory, did really, instead of partial indulgences sold by the pope, give, gratis, a general indulgence, of a similar nature, for all crimes and offences, without exception or distinction. The souls, once consigned to Hell, were never supposed to be redeemable by any price. There is on record only one instance of a damned soul that was saved, and that by the special PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011)
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intercession of the Virgin. See Pascal’s Provincial Letters. An indulgence saved the person, who purchased it, from purgatory only.
[s]Petrus de Angleria, epist. 765.
[u]Buchanan, lib. 14. Drummond. Pitscottie.
[w]Buchanan, lib. 14. Herbert.
[a]This survey or valuation is liable to much suspicion, as fixing the rents a great deal
too high: Unless the sum comprehend the revenues of all kinds, industry as well as land and money.
[b]Herbert, Stowe, 518. Parliamentary History. Strype, vol. i. p. 49.
[NOTE [E]]
It is said, that when Henry heard that the commons made a great difficulty of granting the required supply, he was so provoked, that he sent for Edward Montague, one of the members, who had a considerable influence on the house; and he being introduced to his majesty, had the mortification to hear him speak in these words:
Ho! man! will they not suffer my bill to pass?
And laying his hand on Montague’s head, who was then on his knees before him:
Get my bill passed by to-morrow, or else to-morrow this head of yours shall be off.
This cavalier manner of Henry succeeded: For next day the bill passed.
Collins’s British Peerage. Grove’s life
of Wolsey.
We are told by
Hall,
fol. 38. That cardinal Wolsey endeavoured to terrify the citizens of London into the general loan, exacted in 1525, and told them plainly, that it
were better, that some should suffer indigence, than that the king at this time
should lack; and therefore beware and resist not, nor ruffle not in this case, for it may
fortune to cost some people their heads.
Such was the style employed by this king and his ministers.
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[f]Memoires du Bellay, liv. 2.
[i]Guicciardini, lib. 15. Memoires du Bellai, liv. 2.
[l]Guicciardini, lib. 15. Du Bellay, lib. 2.
[o]Du Bellay, liv. iii. Stowe, p. 221. Baker, p. 273.
[p]Du Tillet, Recueil des Traites de Leonard, tom. 2. Herbert.
[r]Herbert. Hall. Stowe, p. 525. Holingshed, p. 891.
[s]Herbert, De Vera, Sandoval.
[u]Guicciardini, lib. 18. Bellay. Stowe, p. 527.
[x]Burnet, book 3. coll. 12, 13.
[z]Morison, p. 13. Heylin’s Queen Mary, p. 2.
[a]Lord Herbert, Fiddes’s life of Wolsey.
[b]Rymer, vol. xiv. 192, 203. Heylin, p. 3.
[d]Burnet, vol. i. p. 38. Stowe, p. 548.
[e]Le Grand, vol. iii, p. 46, 166, 168. Saunders. Heylin, p. 4.
[f]Burnet, vol. i. p. 38. Strype, vol. i. p. 88.
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[g]Camden’s preface to the life of Elizabeth Burnet, vol. i. p. 44.
[h]Collier, Eccles. Hist. vol. ii. p. 25. from the Cott. Lib. Vitel. p. 9.
[l]Collier, from Cott. Lib. Vitel. B. 10.