NOEL SIMON AND PAUL GEROUDET,
Last
S
urvivors
Suddenly the water heaved and a round, shining, black thing like a cannon-ball came into sight. Then he saw eyes and mouth—a puffing mouth bearded with bubbles. More of the thing came up out of the water. It was gleaming black. Finally it splashed and wallowed to the shore and rose, steaming, on its hind legs—six or seven feet high and too thin for its height, like everything in Malacandra. It had a coat of thick black hair, lucid as seal-skin, very short legs with webbed feet, a broad beaver-like or fish-like tail, strong forelimbs with webbed claws or fingers, and some complication half-way up the belly which Ransom took to be its genitals. It was something like a penguin, something like an otter, something like a seal; the slenderness and flexibility of the body suggested a giant stoat. The great round head, heavily whiskered, was mainly responsible for the suggestion of seal; but it was higher in the forehead than a seal’s and the mouth was smaller.
C. S. LEWIS,
Out of the Silent Planet
erect
trailing
stiff
loose
legless
limbless
long-legged
short-legged
long-tailed
short-tailed
bushy-tailed
keeled (upright and ridge-like)
odd-toed
even-toed
opposable (thumb)
long-snouted
short-snouted
long-necked
short-necked
lidded
lidless
fixed (upper or lower jaw)
movable
long-eared
short-eared
branched horns
unbranched horns
with claws
without claws
smooth
wrinkled
I am not a naturalist, nor have we on board a book of zoology, so the most I can do is to describe him. He is almost my height (nearly five feet ten inches) and appears to be sturdily built. Feet and hands are human in appearance except that they have a bulbous, skew, arthritic look common to monkeys. He is muscular and covered with fine reddish-brown hair. One can see the whiteness of his tendons when he stretches an arm or leg. I have mentioned the sharp, dazzling white teeth, set in rows like a trap, canine and pointed. His face is curiously delicate, and covered with orange hair leading to a snow-white crown of fur. My breath nearly failed when I looked into his eyes, for they are a bright, penetrating blue.
MARK HELPRIN, “Letters from the
Samantha”
The eyes of the buffalo were glazing over, his tongue stuck out, and blood was streaming into the dry ground. Round and round the dead beast Clint walked, looking again and again at the great black head with its short shiny dark horns, the shaggy shoulders and breast, the tufts of hair down the forelegs.
ZANE GREY,
Fighting Caravans
The smallest of the tree flocks consisted of about fifteen gobblers. They were huge, wary birds. They were the most beautiful wild things that he had seen. Most were dark, purple-breasted, with a long beard, and a small cunning red head, dark in the back, flecked with brown, and they had a spread of reddish-white tail that dazzled Clint.
ZANE GREY,
Fighting Caravans
light-furred
dark-furred
bushy, shaggy, luxuriant
fringed
barbed
glossy
dull
silky
velvety
cottony
leathery
light-plumaged
dark-plumaged
Adela Pingsford said nothing, but led the way to her garden. It was normally a fair-sized garden, but it looked small in comparison with the ox, a huge mottled brute, dull red about the head and shoulders, passing to dirty white on the flanks and hind-quarters, with shaggy ears and large bloodshot eyes.
SAKI, “The Stalled Ox”
Fearsome lizards five or six feet long pounded over the ground and leaped lithely for high tree branches, as at home off the earth as on it; they were goannas. And there were many other lizards, smaller but some no less frightening, adorned with horny triceratopean ruffs about their necks, or with swollen, bright-blue tongues.
COLLEEN McCULLOUGH,
The Thorn Birds
No coral snake this, with slim, tapering body, ringed like a wasp with brilliant colors; but thick and blunt with lurid scales, blotched with black; also a broad, flat murderous head, with stony, ice-like, whity-blue eyes, cold enough to freeze a victim’s blood in its veins and make it sit still, like some wide-eyed creature carved in stone, waiting for the sharp, inevitable stroke—so swift, at last, so long in coming.
W. H. HUDSON,
Green Mansions
Sometimes King Pellinore could be descried galloping over the purlieus after the Beast, or with the Beast after him if they happened to have got muddled up. Cully lost the vertical stripes of his first year’s plumage and became greyer, grimmer, madder, and distinguished by smart horizontal bars where the long stripes had been.
T . H . WHITE,
The Once and Future King
Zool
o
gical (Technical) Terminology
warm-blooded
endothermic, homoiothermic
cold-blooded
ectothermic, poikilothermic
active during daylight
diurnal
active at night
nocturnal
active at dawn or twilight
crepuscular
passing the winter in a lethargic and low-metabolic state
hibernating
passing the summer in a lethargic and low-metabolic state
aestivating
two-legged
bicrural
two-footed
biped
four-footed
quadruped, tetrapod
many-footed
polyped
having no feet
apodal
The straw-coloured fruit-bat, called
abu regai
or
el hafash
by the Baggara Arabs and
ko-jok
by the Nuba, is a very handsome creature for a bat. It is readily recognized by the orange-yellow ruff, brown back and blackish wings but otherwise straw-yellow body. Large specimens have a wing-span of nearly two and a half feet and a body about eight inches long. With tall pointed ears, long foxy face and large, dark, intelligent eyes it is an attractive animal.
R.C.H. SWEENEY,
Grappling with a Griffon
The tadpoles in the quiet bay of the brook are now far past the stage of inky black little wrigglers attached by their two little sticky pads to any stick or leaf, merely breathing through their gills, and lashing with their hair-fine cilia. A dark brown skin—really gold spots mottling the black—now proclaims the leopard frogs they will become.
DONALD CULROSS PEATTIE,
An Almanac for Moderns
The cottonmouth (
Agkistrodon piscivorus
) may grow 6 feet long, though the average is about half that size. It is brown with indistinct black bands; its yellow belly may have dark markings as well, and a dark band runs from the eye to the corner of the mouth. It is distinguished from nonpoisonous water snakes by its deep spade-shaped head, light lips and white mouth.
PHILIP KOPPER,
The Wild Edge
having hand-like feet
pedimanous, pedimane
having arms
brachiate
two-handed
bimanous
having nails or claws
unguiculate
having feathered feet
plumiped, braccate
web-footed
palmiped
capable of grasping
prehensile
capable of being extended
protractile, protrusile
capable of being drawn back
retractile
scratching the ground for food
rasorial
having ears
aurated
having a tail
caudate
having no tail
anurous
having a tail with colored bands
ring-tailed
having horns
corniculate
In contrast, the common dolphin (
Delphinus delphis
) often leaps from the water and plays in the bow waves of boats. Its taller dorsal fin has a curved trailing edge. Also called the saddleback, Delphinus has a black back, white belly and distinctive crisscross pattern along the sides.
PHILIP KOPPER,
The Wild Edge
With renewed enthusiasm I dug on and was soon rewarded by the sight of the inhabitant—a gopher tortoise. Reaching into the tunnel, I grasped one stubby foreleg and tried to pull it out but found that it had apparently wedged itself so tightly in the narrow passage that I was forced to dig again. Eventually I dug around the specimen and hauled the struggling creature out. It was an adult, about eight inches across and slate-black in color. Its feet were elephant-like and bore blunt claws instead of toes, an ideal arrangement for digging. Its dome-like carapace was set with diamond-shaped plates in which the yearly growth rings or zones could clearly be discerned.
ROSS E. HUTCHINS,
Island of Adventure
Weighing only about seven pounds, the southern gray fox is smaller than the better-known red fox. Its grizzled, salt-and-pepper-gray body, with rusty red along the sides and neck, is about two feet long; the black-tipped bushy gray tail, with a black streak along its top, adds another twelve or fourteen inches to the fox’s length. He stands not much more than a foot above the ground at the shoulders, and when he trots, his paw marks along his trail are about eleven inches apart.
JOHN K. TERRES,
From Laurel Hill to Siler’s Bog
having no horns
acerous
having two teeth
bidentate
having no teeth
edentate
having two antennae or tentacles
dicerous
not adapted to flying
flightless
having wings
pennate, alate
having no wings
apterous
having feathers
plumaged, plumose
having a beak
rostrate, rhamphoid
having scales
squamate, squamous, squamose
shedding or peeling off scales
desquamate
having a bony or horny shell-like case
loricate
having gills
branchiate
having a thick hide
pachydermatous
But this was not a beaver. Although its fur, like a beaver‘s, was rich brown and glossy, I could see that the animal was smaller. Besides, I knew muskrats on sight, having trapped them when I was a boy. This one weighed about three pounds—they weigh from one and a half to four pounds—and it was about twenty inches long from the tip of its moist black nose to the end of its naked tail. The nine-inch tail, had I any doubt of what the animal was, identified it for me: a black, slender, thinner-then-high tail; not the wide, flat, boardlike tail of a beaver.
JOHN K. TERRES,
From Laurel Hill to Siler’s Bog
Barred owls are beginning to call as the raccoons first look out of their tree hollows at oncoming night. Their rounded furry ears point forward then back, catching every sound—the snap of a twig under a deer’s hoof, the far baying of a distant hound, the lightest tread of a passing fox, the faintest squeak of a shrew or a mouse. As they peer dark-eyed from their black-masked faces, they lift their slender muzzles to sniff the night.