10 M. Miller, Our Heritage, Hope, and Faith , 251 (altered for clarity).
11 M. Miller, Our Heritage, Hope, and Faith , 268.
12 This quotation and the next two are from Handbuch für Bischof [Handbook for Bishop] (Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop, 1978), 20-21. English translation by Noah G. Good.
13 “Dordrecht Confession, Article 11,” In Meiner Jugend , 41.
Chapter 6: Living Together
1 Elmo Stoll, “Five Reasons for Church Splits,” Family Life , February 1992, 11.
2 Some business owners do carry commercial fire insurance or product liability (or both) to cover damages suffered by customers. In 1965 the U.S. Congress exempted Amish people from participation in Social Security, including Medicare and Medicaid. In a few cases, some Amish employees in non-Amish businesses do participate in Social Security. For a history of these exemptions and other twentieth-century Amish conflicts with the state, see Donald B. Kraybill, ed., The Amish and the State , 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003).
4 In many Amish communities, networks of local congregations organize mutual aid plans with premiums. These plans have rather large deductibles and then pay about three-fourths of the remaining bills, with limits. See “The Tables of the Money Changers,” Family Life , July 1992, 25.
5 Elmo Stoll, “Is Insurance Right or Wrong?” Family Life , April 1984, 11.
7 For more detail on church discipline rituals, see Donald B. Kraybill, The Riddle of Amish Culture , rev. ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), 131-141.
8 “A Timely Letter [by Samuel J. Beachy, July 1992],” The Diary , April 1993, 37.
10 M. Miller, Our Heritage, Hope, and Faith , 378-379.
11 D. Kraybill, The Riddle of Amish Culture , 135.
12 For a discussion of different patterns and practices of shunning, see Steven M. Nolt and Thomas J. Meyers, Plain Diversity: Amish Cultures and Identities (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 46-47, 106, 111-112.
13 Elmo Stoll, “The Doctrine Most Churches Shun,” Family Life , May 1980, 10.
14 Ruth Irene Garrett and Rick Farrant, Crossing Over: One Woman’s Escape from Amish Life (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 2.
15 Ottie Garrett, ed., True Stories of the X-Amish (Horse Cave, KY: Neu Leben, 1998); Mission to Amish People ( http://www.mapministry.org/ ).
16 E. Stoll, “The Doctrine Most Churches Shun,” 10.
18 All quotations related to this story are from “A Timely Letter” [by Samuel J. Beachy, July 1992], 36-38. Another published account of someone returning to the church is in Indiana Amish Directory: Elkhart, LaGrange, and Noble Counties, 2007 (Middlebury, IN: J. E. Miller, 2007), 9-10, concerning Christian J. Miller (1890-1970), who left the Amish church in 1917 and joined another denomination, where he was ordained. When he returned to the Amish church, it recognized his ordination.
Chapter 7: Children
1 Kirk Miller and others, “Health Status, Health Conditions, and Health Behaviors Among Amish Women: Results from the Central Pennsylvania Women’s Health Study (CePAWHS),” Women’s Health Issues 17 (2007): 168.
2 A few church districts (less than 5 percent) hold Sunday school on their off-Sundays, but they are exceptions.
5 Widely quoted in Amish communities, “Die Kinder Zucht” (Anonymous) appeared as a full-page spread in The Grapevine , a newsletter serving the Iowa Amish communities, April 2, 2008, 6. English translation by Walton Z. Moyer.
6 “A Most Sacred Call,” Lancaster Gemeinde Brief , November 5, 2009, 11. This newsletter serves the Amish community in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
8 Das Neue Kinder Lieder: Ein Gesangbuch fur Schulen und Heimaten (Aylmer, ON: Pathway Publishers, 1972), song no. 4. All translations from this book are by Walton Z. Moyer.
9 Sam S. Stoltzfus, “Our Plain Folks and Their Spirituality,” The Connection , August 2009, 55.
19 Donald B. Kraybill and Steven M. Nolt, Amish Enterprise , 2nd ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), 212.
20 Standards of the Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite Parochial and Vocational Schools of Pennsylvania (Old Order Book Society, 1988; repr., Gordonville, PA: Gordonville Print Shop, 2006), 2.
21 This quotation and the next are from S. Stoltzfus, “Our Plain Folks and Their Spirituality,” 51, 55.
1 This prayer and the prayer in the next paragraph are from A Devoted Christian’s Prayer Book (Aylmer, ON: Pathway Publishers, 1995), 15-17, 13-15. This volume contains selected prayers from Die Ernsthafte Christenpflicht that were translated into English by Amish minister Joseph Stoll.
3 Hilde E. Binford, “Values and Culture Transmitted Through Music in the Old Order Amish Community” (unpublished paper, n.d.), 1.
4 The best overview of Amish weddings is found in Richard A. Stevick, Growing Up Amish:The Teenage Years (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 199-228. Stephen Scott, in The Amish Wedding and Other Special Occasions of the Old Order Communities (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 1988), 4-35, describes a traditional wedding in Lancaster County as well as different practices in other settlements. A careful description of three weddings appears in Pauline Stevick, Beyond the Plain and Simple: A Patchwork of Amish Lives (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2006), 47-58.
5 M. Miller, Our Heritage, Hope, and Faith , 243-288, lists all the songs, prayers, and scripture readings that are appropriate for the church service preceding a wedding.
6 “A Copy Concerning Matrimony,” In Meiner Jugend , 211. The wording of marriage vows varies somewhat among settlements. The vows here are those used in Ohio and Indiana.
8 Charles E. Hurst and David L. McConnell, An Amish Paradox: Diversity and Change in the World’s Largest Amish Community (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 122.
13 Marc A. Olshan and Kimberly D. Schmidt, “Amish Women and the Feminist Conundrum,” in The Amish Struggle with Modernity , ed. Donald B. Kraybill and Marc A. Olshan (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1994), 229.
14 Mrs. Jerre S. [Ruthie] Esh, comp., A Collection of Treasured Recipes and Poems from the Esh Family (Christiana, PA: Mrs. Jerre S. [Ruthie] Esh, n.d.), 20.