Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (120 page)

117
Werner,
“Bleib übrig!”
, pp. 126–7.

118
Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers
, p. 158.

119
Geyer, ‘Soziale Sicherheit’, p. 406.

120
Kraut and Bramsel, ‘Der Calorienbedarf der Berufe’.

121
Michaelis, ‘Über die Wirkung’; Droese, ‘Experimentalle Untersuchung’; Droese, ‘Die Wirkung von Traubenzucker’; Neumann, ‘Nutritional physiology’, p. 56.

122
Proctor,
The Nazi War on Cancer
, p. 156.

123
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 517.

124
Ibid., p. 540.

125
Gratzer,
Terrors of the Table
, p. 156.

126
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction,
p. 540.

127
Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers
, p. 172.

128
Ibid., p. 387.

129
Lammers, ‘Levels of collaboration’, p. 53.

130
Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers
, p. 183.

131
Scharf,
“Man machte mit uns, was man wollte”
, pp. 118–19.

132
Herbert,
Hitler’s Foreign Workers
, p. 85.

133
Levi,
If This is a Man
, p. 80.

134
Obenaus, ‘Hunger und Überleben’, p. 374.

135
Tooze,
The
Wages of Destruction
, pp. 622–3; Evans,
The
Third Reich at War
, pp. 664–5.

136
Kopke, ‘Der “Ernährungsinspekteur der Waffen-SS”’, p. 213.

137
Ibid., p. 215.

138
Ibid., p. 216; Schmidt,
Karl Brandt
, p. 262.

139
The papers of R. P. Evans, Department of Documents, IWM, p. 33.

140
Ibid.

141
Ibid., pp. 38–9.

142
Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, p. 194.

143
Roodhouse, ‘Popular morality’, p. 248.

144
Stephenson,
Hitler’s Home Front
, pp. 212–15.

145
Ibid., p. 209.

146
Roodhouse, ‘Popular morality’, p. 256.

147
Hodgson,
Few Eggs
, p. 119.

148
Dörr,
“Wer die Zeit nicht miterlebt hat …”
, II, p. 19.

149
Roodhouse, ‘Popular morality’, p. 252.

150
Ibid., p. 259.

151
Mackay,
Half the Battle
, p. 200.

152
Ibid., pp. 254–5.

153
Vassiltchikov,
The Berlin Diaries
, p. 42.

154
Evans,
The Third Reich at War
, p. 510; Proctor,
The Nazi War on Cancer
, p. 140; Gordon, ‘Fascism, the neo-right and gastronomy’, p. 88.

155
Picker,
Hitlers Tischgespräche
, p. 53.

156
Proctor,
The Nazi War on Cancer
, pp. 134–7.

157
Gruchmann, ‘Korruption’, p. 578.

158
Ibid., pp. 573–4.

159
Ibid., p. 574.

160
Ibid., pp. 585–8.

161
Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, p. 495.

162
Picker,
Hitlers Tischgespräche
, p. 380.

163
Werner,
“Bleib übrig!”
, p. 204.

164
Dörr,
“Wer die Zeit nicht miterlebt hat …”
, II, p. 23.

165
Werner,
“Bleib übrig!”
, p. 201.

166
Erker,
Ernährungskrise und Nachkriegsgesellschaft
, p. 24.

167
Werner,
“Bleib übrig!”
, pp. 202–3.

168
Beck,
Under the Bombs
, p. 11.

169
Stephenson,
Hitler’s Home Front
, p. 184.

170
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 572.

171
Ibid., p. 567.

172
Beck,
Under the Bombs
, p. 45.

173
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, pp. 566–7.

174
Bannister,
I Lived Under Hitler
, pp. 104–5.

175
Ibid., pp. 141–2.

176
Ibid., p. 157.

177
Müller, ‘Albert Speer und die Rüstungspolitik’, p. 491.

178
Rüther,
Köln
, p. 372; Werner,
“Bleib übrig!”
, p. 216.

179
Stephenson,
Hitler’s Home Front
, pp. 188, 191.

180
Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, p. 563.

181
Bannister,
I Lived Under Hitler
, p. 220.

182
Beck,
Under the Bombs
, p. 100.

183
Kitchen,
Nazi Germany at War
, p. 82.

184
Huegel,
Kriegsernährungswirtschaft Deutschlands
, p. 311.

185
Dörr,
“Wer die Zeit nicht miterlebt hat …”
, II, p. 17.

186
Ibid., II, p. 27.

187
Ibid., II, p. 29.

16. The British Empire – War as Welfare

1
Woolton,
Memoirs
, pp. 192–3.

2
Hicks,
“Who Called the Cook a Bastard?”
, p. 83.

3
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, p. 136.

4
Ibid., pp. 136–7.

5
Mackay,
Half the Battle
, p. 61.

6
Ibid., p. 74.

7
Ashwell,
McCance and Widdowson
, p. 23.

8
Ibid.

9
Ibid., pp. 24–5.

10
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, p. 137.

11
Wilt,
Food for War
, p. 219.

12
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, p. 155; Britnell and Voake,
Canadian Agriculture
, p. 367.

13
Driver,
The British at Table
, p. 12.

14
Burnett,
Plenty and Want
, p. 282.

15
Ibid., p. 281.

16
Buss, ‘The British diet’, p. 124.

17
Spiekermann, ‘Brown bread for victory’, p. 163.

18
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, pp. 138–9.

19
Ibid., p. 140; Burnett,
Plenty and Want
, p. 291.

20
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, p. 230.

21
Ashwell,
McCance and Widdowson
, p. 25.

22
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, p. 162.

23
Burnett,
Plenty and Want
, p. 291.

24
Gardiner,
The 1940s House
, p. 140.

25
The papers of A. W. Winter, Department of Documents, IWM, III, p. 12.

26
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, pp. 155–6.

27
Longmate,
How We Lived Then
, p. 145.

28
Gardiner,
The 1940s House
, pp. 141–2.

29
Garfield,
Private Battles
, p. 87.

30
Brassley and Potter, ‘A view from the top’, pp. 226–7.

31
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, p. 153.

32
Hardyment,
Slice of Life
, p. 17.

33
Gardiner,
The 1940s House
, p. 136.

34
Patten,
Victory Cookbook
, n.p.

35
Gardiner,
The 1940s House
, p. 138.

36
Waller,
London 1945
, p. 51.

37
Garfield,
Private Battles
, p. 338.

38
Britnell and Voake,
Canadian Agriculture
, p. 367.

39
Driver,
The British at Table
, p. 26.

40
Zweineger-Bargielowska, ‘Rationing’, p. 179.

41
Gardiner,
The 1940s House
, p. 133.

42
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, p. 183.

43
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, p. 154.

44
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, p. 183.

45
Mant,
All Muck
, p. 39. Prisoners of war engaged in manual work were allocated the daily 3,300 calorie army home service ration. War Office,
Record of
Ration Scales
, p. 12.

46
Waugh,
Brideshead Revisited
, Preface, p. 42.

47
Zweiniger-Bargielowska,
Austerity in Britain
, p. 71.

48
Mackay,
Half the Battle
, p. 204.

49
Ibid., p. 203. For a discussion of the limits of the levelling-up thesis see Summerfield, ‘The “levelling of class”’ and Fielding, ‘The Good War’.

50
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, p. 164.

51
Essemyr, ‘Food policies in Sweden’, p. 171.

52
Darian-Smith,
On the Home Front
, p. 39.

53
Santich,
What the Doctors Ordered
, p. 120.

54
Ibid.; Darian-Smith,
On the Home Front
, p. 48.

55
Britnell and Voake,
Canadian Agriculture
, pp. 150–51.

56
Magnússon,
The Hidden Class
, p. 132; Jonsson, ‘Changes in food consumption’, p. 41.

57
Webster, ‘Healthy or hungry’, p. 121.

58
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, p. 143.

59
Woolton,
Memoirs
, pp. 34–5.

60
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, pp. 144–5.

61
Burnett,
Plenty and Want
, p. 292.

62
Mackay,
Half the Battle
, p. 240.

63
Hammond,
Food and Agriculture
, p. 149; Mackay,
Half the Battle
, p. 242.

64
Maggie Hay in conversation with the author.

65
Burnett, ‘The rise and decline of school meals’, p. 55.

66
Ibid., p. 65.

67
Oddy,
From Plain Fare
, pp. 165, 209.

68
Jeffreys, ‘British politics and social policy’, p. 129.

69
Hardyment,
Slice of Life
, p. 3.

70
Burnett, ‘The rise and decline of school meals’, pp. 65–6.

71
Taylor,
English History
, p. 567.

72
Burnett and Oddy, ‘Introduction’, pp. 5–6.

73
Harris, ‘Great Britain’, p. 242.

74
The papers of R. P. Evans, Department of Documents, IWM, p. 21.

75
The papers of R. B. Buckle, Department of Documents, IWM, p. 16.

76
Garfield,
Private Battles
, p. 61.

77
Bruce,
War on the Ground
, p. 27.

78
War Office,
Record of
Ration Scales
, p. 3.

79
Reynolds,
Rich Relations
, p. 137.

80
Ibid., p. 69.

81
Crang, ‘The British soldier’, p. 62.

82
Garfield,
Private Battles
, p. 61.

83
Crew,
The Royal Army Service Corps
, p. 186; Bird,
The First Food Empire
, p. 176.

84
The papers of Fus. H. Simons, ‘Army Cookery Notebook, 1944’, Department of Documents, IWM, Misc 180 Item 2726.

85
Crang, ‘The British soldier’, p. 131.