Authors: Julie Metz
In contrast to the blistering and damaging fights Henry and I had over the years, the occasional conflicts Will and I had seemed to propel us forward. We discovered that we were both solitary by nature. While his work required meetings and engagement with many people, he could hang out with Liza and me on weekends without too much other excitement. At night he held me tenderly and I felt appreciated.
One sweltering July weekend, Anna came over with Leo for a swim and, of course, to check out the new boyfriend. She took a little stroll with me, supposedly to inspect my flowers, and whispered the words every woman wants her close friend to say.
“He’s cute! Nice butt! A real mensch…and clearly, he completely adores you.”
The annual August trip to Maine was approaching. Anna planned to come up for two weeks of the month with her son, and once again she and I began packing up foodstuffs and linens. I decided, after consultation with Liza, to invite Will to visit us for part of the time on the island.
From that time there is a photograph of Will and Liza standing by their bicycles. She is tiny next to him. They are hugging. She looks relaxed and content, perhaps a bit shy. One knee displays a large white bandage, a souvenir from a bike fall earlier that week.
Will, it turned out, was a serious cyclist. At twenty-seven, he had cycled alone from Seattle, through the Canadian Rockies, across the Plains and the Midwest till he reached New York City, sleeping in a tent while living on cheese and bread, Alberta peaches, sardines, and the occasional beer, an odyssey that suggested much about his self-reliance. He was eager to help Liza embrace her inner athlete. She proudly showed off her healing
wound to her island friends, displaying some of Henry’s storytelling flair.
Will accompanied us on our shore trail hikes, where I painted and he and Liza hunted for more interesting rocks to add to our exploding collection. We drove down the dusty road to the sand beach, where to Liza’s delight he swam in the frigid water without complaint, while I huddled on a beach towel.
He drove down to the city for a week of meetings, but he was back with us the following weekend—ten-hour drives didn’t seem to bother him at all, and we were glad to see him. We hit a foggy patch of days. Stuck indoors, remembering past years on the island with Henry, I became gloomy and sullen. Will had a knack for finding humor in my dark moments, a talent he’d need and use during our early time together. In this case, the mood changed with a Monopoly game, one of those three-day ordeals where alliances are formed, all the official rules are bent, sweet deals are made, and properties are swapped and mortgaged to the hilt.
On the day of Will’s final departure, Liza and I followed him in our car to the ferry landing. I watched him drive onto the ferry with a sense of genuine loss that pleased me. This was how it was supposed to feel. Once on the ferry, he got out of his car and waved to us. He was wearing a white shirt that flapped in the breeze like a ship’s flag. I remembered an entry from my childhood encyclopedia that had particularly fascinated me, diagrams of sailor’s semaphore hand signals. As the ferry sailed away, I raised my arms in a V shape, and from the deck Will responded. Liza joined the game, and we continued sending made-up signals until the boat picked up speed, his white shirt just barely visible in the distance.
Fall arrived, and we each returned to our separate homes. Will continued to travel up for weekends.
“So,” I asked him one night as we lay in bed, “I have lived through one man’s truly horrible midlife crisis. What’s yours going to be?”
“You are my midlife crisis,” he said, giving me a playful squeeze. “This is what I always wanted. To have a partner and a family.”
“Okay then,” I said, stunned. “I think I can handle that.”
Though we were still a new couple,
Will and I began talking about living together once I moved back to Brooklyn. I was more eager than ever to start searching for a place to live, and once our kids were back to school, Anna and I began real estate shopping. Miraculously, a conversation with a friend I hadn’t spoken to since Henry’s funeral produced a buyer for my house. I packed my first box—the elegant wedding dishes I knew I wouldn’t need again for a long time. I was surprised how few dishes fit into such a tall box. I concluded that I’d need a shocking heap of boxes to move my life. A trip to Wal-Mart was in order.
As I approached the exit lane on my way to buy more boxes, I recalled another otherwise forgettable October lunch hour, like many during that last autumn of Henry’s life, when he and I were still going about the business of being married, parenting, and stocking a house. On that day in 2002, Henry was driving us toward the same Wal-Mart, where we stocked up on paper towels, spray cleaner, jumbo cans of crushed tomatoes, and the like—life, purchased in bulk.
From his command post behind the wheel, and without look
ing at me, Henry said, “Julie, I just want to say that I am sorry about the Caines’ dog. I don’t know why I behaved like that. I would never do that again.”
In movies, when The Important Scene is set in a moving car, a character often turns his or her attention away from the road to communicate the big bombshell to the driving companion. A nervous moviegoer, I can never pay attention to the big news—I am more worried about the car accident that would occur if this were not being shot on a soundstage. In this case, however, the big news was delivered with no interruption in Henry’s driving flow, so it took me a moment to process the importance of his apology. As if sensing that he needed to reinforce the message, Henry looked over, and our gaze connected for just a flash. I looked away, stunned and inexplicably heartbroken, as he said, earnestly, “And I hope you can forgive me.”
“I accept your apology,” I answered, bewildered, feeling ambushed. We continued on, silent.
What happened to change his mind?
A sad and vacant feeling grew inside me—too little, too late—that diminished his apology, though I didn’t have the heart to tell him so. He might be genuinely sorry now, but I couldn’t quite believe him when he said he’d never behave like that again. I didn’t trust him anymore, to care for me and support me through a hard situation. I knew he’d do something else like this, maybe bigger, and he’d apologize too late and again ask for my forgiveness. Really, I was on my own. I had lost the important faith one needs to be with a partner. I had lost love. Yet paper towels had to be purchased, and life had to go on. Marriage was for keeps.
“Julie, I just want to say that I am sorry about the Caines’ dog. I don’t know why I behaved like that. I would never do that again. And I hope you can forgive me.”
I changed the words “the Caines’ dog” to “Cathy.” That’s
how he would have apologized to me later, about Cathy and the other women: “And I hope you can forgive me.”
Now I opened the car door and stepped onto the asphalt, fixing my gaze on the large Wal-Mart logo above the store entry-way in order to memorize my position in the parking lot. I paused, wondering how I would have answered. There was so much at stake: our life as an intact family, the big house, the car, and the other trappings of our comfortable world.
I suddenly had a sad image of Henry as a lonely terrier abandoned in a backyard, racing around and around in circles, barking, trying desperately to get my attention, everyone’s attention, anyone’s attention.
“Do you still love me? Do you really love me? I don’t think you still love me,” he had said to me repeatedly during his last few years, during which he had most flagrantly betrayed my trust. I had always answered yes.
September 2004
Your body is the life force power of some fifty million
molecular geniuses. You and you alone choose moment by moment
who and how you want to be in the world.
—
JILL BOLTE TAYLOR
,
My Stroke of Insight
The shelves of Henry’s office library
were packed past capacity. I needed smaller, sturdier boxes for the books. I stopped by the local liquor store to ask Henry’s redheaded eulogizer when their next wine shipment would arrive.
Even with thirty wine boxes, this was to be a survival-of-the-fittest selection process. The titles, organized by subject matter, included works on philosophy, food, and science, books I wished I had time to read but knew I never would. I began sorting, a process that felt uncomfortably like performing a vivisection, because in this room Henry always felt very present. The larger pile, the books I would not keep, I planned to donate to the local library.
A black-spined paperback with white lettering stood out from
the chunkier and more colorfully jacketed titles on the shelves. A battalion of Post-it notes caught my eye, a parade of flags above the book’s spine. When I slipped it from its position between Steven Pinker’s
How the Mind Works
and
Consilience
by Edward O. Wilson (a new display of Post-its now visible along the long right side of the book), I recognized
The Evolution of Human Sexuality,
published by Donald Symons in 1979. Henry had spoken about this work frequently during the writing of his first book. Almost every page of Symons’s well-thumbed book was marked with notes in Henry’s script. The sheer quantity of Post-its signified that somewhere in its pages I might find clues about Henry’s understanding of human nature and relationships. And sex. Because it always comes down to sex. Without having read the book, I nevertheless sensed that I had stumbled upon Henry’s bible.
My attempts to read a few pages were discouraging. It seemed that Don Symons had written mostly for his peers in the scientific community, at any rate, not for a lay reader such as myself. The book assumed knowledge about biology and Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection that I had not retained. Unfortunately, the dissection of formaldehyde-preserved frogs in ninth grade had turned me off science for the remainder of my high school and college years.
Nevertheless, I was intrigued, and stopped my packing to look through the book. After perusing the table of contents, I bypassed niceties such as the introduction and early chapters and opened straight to “The Female Orgasm: Adaptation or Artifact?” The conclusion of the chapter offered a not altogether encouraging view that our interest in pleasure-seeking in sexual behavior was part of the larger human “ability to transact favorable compromises in the economy of the emotions”. I had
hoped for something more poetic than “economy” when it came to sex.
And this passage from a chapter titled “Pair-Bonds, Marriage, and the Loss of Estrus,” described my life as a wife-mother all too precisely:
Wifely virtues—overlapping only partially with indices of sexual attractiveness—might have included evidence of sexual fidelity, youth, health, industry in gathering, and skill in mothering. As discussed above, marriage is not in essence a sexually based behavioral association between a male and female, but rather an economic and child-rearing partnership, embedded in networks of kin, and entailing sexual rights and duties.
Henry had highlighted these lines with a yellow marker pen and flagged the page with one of those hundreds of Post-its.
I mailed a letter to Don Symons at the University of California, Santa Barbara. I briefly detailed the discoveries I had made about Henry’s affairs and asked if I could speak to him about male and female sexual behavior in a professional way. I recalled Henry’s glowing account of meeting Professor Symons and the photos he’d shown me of the two of them on a beach, their tanned skin glowing in the late afternoon sunshine, Don the handsome older man, with close-cropped gray hair and an open smile. To my delight, Professor Symons replied by e-mail within two weeks, apologizing for the delay. He had since retired and didn’t check his university mailbox regularly.
After an exchange of e-mails, in which I further explained events since Henry’s death, we spoke on the phone. Don (we were now past the need for the formal “Professor Symons”) recalled his conversations with Henry but said he’d had no idea about his
“secret life.” We ended our call, agreeing that I would contact Don once I was resettled. Meanwhile, I wrestled with the last cardboard boxes of my old married life, carefully packing away Professor Symons’s book.
I e-mailed Don again and asked if he had written any other texts that might be friendlier for a reader such as myself. A few days later a package arrived with a dainty-size hardcover titled
Warrior Lovers: Erotic Fiction, Evolution, and Female Sexuality
. The first half of the book, coauthored with Catherine Salmon, provided just what I was looking for: Darwin 101.
During this time I had noted with interest several mainstream magazine and newspaper articles on relationships and fidelity. Genes were the hot topic. They made you fat, they made you depressed, and it might be, these authors suggested, that they explained our sexual habits, specifically, why men seemed to be “hardwired” for infidelity and women ended up raising the children.
Don Symons offered himself as my “go-to guy” in my attempt to understand these issues. My central concern: if men and women were so seemingly incompatible in their mating goals, were we in some ways prisoners of our genes, or were we responsible creatures, capable of free will? In other words, was Henry a lying, cheating, no-good spouse because he couldn’t help himself? And if our genes incline us toward certain likes and dislikes, can we still make choices? My initial impression, based on passages like the following from
Warrior Lovers,
was not entirely optimistic.
Humans evolved a taste for sugar, fat and salt because these substances were both nutritious and relatively difficult to obtain during the overwhelming majority of human evolutionary
history. In recent, evolutionarily novel environments, however, in which technology and capitalism have rendered these tasty substances abundant and cheap, most of us consume far more of them than is good for us…. Our gustatory adaptations—like all our complex adaptations, psychological and nonpsychological—are designed to function in the conditions and circumstances of the evolutionary past.
The food analogy was easy to follow. Any trip to a neighborhood grocery store or a fast-food restaurant at the nearby mall would confirm what I already knew—left to our own devices, most of us head straight for the snacks. Only self-restraint, strong cultural habits, and knowledge of nutrition help us refrain from living on French fries, burgers, and Häagen-Dazs. The problem of modern life is that we now have easier access to many things—fatty, sugary foods, fast cars, and willing sex partners—than we ever would have had as members of hunter-gatherer bands on the prehistoric plains.
At Don’s recommendation, I bought
The Blind Watchmaker
and
The Selfish Gene
by Richard Dawkins, the eminent Darwinian scientist. I read—and, because of those abovementioned lapses in science education—misread texts. Don kindly redirected me. I tackled the texts again. Our dialogue continued as Don gave me a crash course in evolutionary science.
Charles Darwin didn’t discover evolution. Many scientists had been exploring this idea before Darwin published
On the Origin of Species,
in 1859. Darwin’s revolutionary contribution was an explanation of the process that drives evolution and produces adaptations. Unlike the vague and sometimes mystical explanations during his own time, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection was based on his observations in nature. His theory de
pends upon the existence of inherited variation within populations. He saw that the variations exist and that, as generations go by, these variations continue to exist. He couldn’t fully explain how this happens, and it wasn’t really explained until well into the twentieth century, with the new field of genetics.
Even a small child can observe how the different parts of living creatures indicate functions. Wings promote flight, eyes promote sight, and hearts promote the circulation of blood. In organisms, these components with particular functions are called adaptations.
The goal of evolutionary psychology is to study brain adaptations. As Don explained, the human brain, like the rest of the body, is a collection of adaptations, evolved over immense periods of time to solve the particular adaptive problems encountered by our ancestors. Our brain mechanisms and our behavior are, like our ability to see, hear, and breathe, the products of evolution by natural selection.
Human culture has changed dramatically since the dawn of what we call civilized society, moving from Pleistocene nomadic hunter-gatherers (1.8 million to 11,000 years ago) to early settlements, from the great cultures of the Mayans and the Egyptians to our own modern, high-tech society. But this massive leap has happened in a mere blip of evolutionary time. Our biological makeup has not changed. As Don succinctly put it, “In short, it’s a mistake to think of ourselves as somehow containing remnants of our primitive ancestors; in every basic adaptation, we ARE our primitive ancestors.”
Don further clarified the concepts of mutations and natural selection: from the many random mutations that occur in nature, the individuals of any species who survive well enough to reproduce in a given environment are able to pass their traits, desirable
or undesirable, to the next generation. Thus, natural selection is nonrandom, but it is not some long-term “improvement” plan. We only have to look around us and at ourselves to see that survival and reproduction do not require perfection.
Don described the world of early man, our ancestors, whom we resemble more than we might like to admit. In that time, people lived in hunter-gatherer groups, which varied in size according to the availability of resources. Support by the group was essential to survival—and being expelled from the group might be fatal. Within the group, almost all fertile women were married, and access to multiple partners was limited and full of risks.
By contrast, present-day nuclear families live in larger, less structured communities. Individuals can meet many people in all sorts of contexts. We can travel in our cars, and most recently, we can hide behind the anonymity of the Internet. Sexual mores have changed dramatically in a very short time. So, it’s a bit like Mc-Donald’s—lots of easy access to food and behavior that can get us into trouble.
Don put it this way: “The glacial slowness of natural selection compared with the rapidity of environmental change humans can manufacture pretty much guarantees that we don’t have any complex adaptations to recent environmental novelties.”
Don and I continued our e-mail discussion:
ME
So, men and women, evolutionarily speaking, are really operating at cross-purposes in mate seeking. Women are “wired” to seek a reliable partner with healthy genes, and men are “wired” to seek as many partners as they can attract, at the
least cost.
So to what degree can we make choices and think of ourselves as creatures with free will?
DON
On the free will question, I can confidently say that our brains are, for all intents and purposes, the same as those of our late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer ancestors, so whatever the free will situation was with them, so it is with us.
Twenty-five years ago I mentioned to George Williams, one of the great evolutionary biologists of the 20th century, that many people make the argument that you suspect Henry was making, that womanizing wasn’t his fault; his genes made him do it. George seemed genuinely surprised to hear this, and said that he would have supposed that people would have the opposite reaction: “those impulses are just my genes talking, and I don’t have to obey them.”
Evolutionary psychology can provide some insight into why we have the impulses we do, but it doesn’t tell us anything about how free we are to act on them or not. The impulses that we’re primarily talking about—sexual desire for new women, especially young pretty women—are impulses everyone knows exist, if they’re paying attention. All laws and rules and ethical injunctions exist to curb impulses that many or most or all people have; there are laws or rules against murder and theft, but there are no laws against eating rocks.
I wouldn’t be surprised if some of the Post-its in Henry’s copy of
The Evolution of Human Sexuality
were there because he believed that an adaptationist account of the human male’s taste for sexual variety somehow meant that he was absolved of exercising choice; but it does no such thing.
I asked Don if he felt that infidelity was a near inevitability in our modern culture of increased opportunity, restrained only by conscious, mindful effort. It seemed that Henry’s misadventures were a kind of primitive hunt. Especially after reading—and possibly misreading—Don’s book, he might have concluded that he was simply being a man, acting on healthy and in any event irresistible impulses. In our culture, the nature of risk has changed. What would have been an unacceptable risk in family-based hunter-gatherer bands is now quite acceptable in a community where small family groups function autonomously, and even anonymously, with fewer nosy, nagging elders and fewer societal restraints. Although our town turned out to be much like those ancient tightly bound communities.
DON
It’s important to keep in mind that the vast majority of living foragers (and other peoples as well) are polygynous, in the sense that some men have more than one wife and that polygyny is “permitted.” There can’t be any question that over the course of human evolutionary history some men sired offspring with women they weren’t married to, but a much more reliable way to increase reproduction was by being successful enough to acquire multiple wives. What I’m getting at is that the male psychology that often leads to affairs perhaps should be thought of more as a polygynous than an adulterous psychology. Where polygyny is normal and sanctioned and a sign as well as a perquisite of high status, things are different.