Penguin History of the United States of America (138 page)

BOOK: Penguin History of the United States of America
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Equal Employment Opportunity, Committee on [later, Commission],
631
,
635

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (1972),
678
,
679
,
680

Equality

egalitarianism,
235
,
243
,
274
,
278
,
314
,
353
,
424

principle of,
46
,
191
,
274
,
312
,
348
,
372
,
582

racial,
101
,
675

Erie Canal,
271
,
272
,
383

Erie Railroad,
387

Espionage and Sedition Acts,
478

Ethiopia,
554
,
558
,
681

Ethnic groups,
95n
,
102
,
437
,
641–2
,
671

Ethnicity,
405

European Economic Commuinity,
209

European state system,
5
,
7
,
28

Evers, Medgar,
633

Export–Import Bank,
543–4

Exports and imports,
250
,
269
,
450
,
488
,
499
,
500

Factories,
381
,
403
,
616
,
623

Fair Deal,
596
,
607

Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC),
624
,
625

Fair Labour Standards Act,
548–9

Falkland Islands,
436

Fall, Albert Bacon,
500

Falmouth, Maine,
137

Faneuil Hall, Boston,
159

Faragher, John Mack,
224n

Farewell Address
see
Washington, George

Farm Bureau,
621

Farm Credit Act,
527

Farm Holiday Association,
536

Farm Security Administration,
569
,
621

Farmers,
192
,
229
,
230–31
,
235
,
244
,
253
,
269
,
274
,
298
,
380
,
397
,
401
,
409
,
417
,
418
,
421
,
440
,
443
,
453
,
465
,
477
,
492
,
514–15
,
529
,
567
,
596
,
611

and Shays’s Rebellion,
189–90

Southern f.,
361
,
365–6
,
371
,
465
,
503–4
,
617
,
621

and Populist movement,
423–33

in the 1920s,
500
,
503–4

in the Depression,
516
,
535–6

during the New Deal,
525–5
,
535
,
536–40

Farmers’ Alliance,
425–7

Farms, family,
286
,
290
,
365
,
386
,
395–6
,
425
,
432
,
465
,
490
,
504

Farragut, Admiral David Glasgow,
325

Faubus, Gov. Orval,
628

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
417
,
580
,
601
,
634
,
666

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA),
539
,
540–42
,
618

Federal Emergency Relief Act,
526
,
540

Division of Rural Rehabilitation,
542

Federal Housing Administration,
544
,
621
,
625

Federal Reserve Act,
462–3

Federal Reserve Board,
463
,
464
,
509

Federal Reserve System,
461
,
463
,
506–7
,
524
,
543

Federal system, federalism,
208
,
407–9
,
693

Federal Trade Commission,
529

Federal Writers American Guides,
542

Federalist, The
,
201
,
211

Federalist party (post-1789),
259
,
261
,
262
,
263
,
272
,
273
,
279
,
426

Federalists (pre-1789),
201–3
,
206

Field, James,
426–7

Fillmore, Millard (Pres. 1850–53),
243
,
299
,
300
,
304

Financiers
see
Capitalists

Finland, Finns,
95n
,
108
,
484
,
578

Fire-Eaters,
306
,
309
,
310

Fires, fire-fighting,
92
,
97
,
400

Triangle fire,
464

Fishing
(see also
Cod fisheries
),
8
,
47
,
185

whaling,
127

Fisk, James,
386
,
387
,
388
,
410

Fitzgerald, Francis Scott Key,
495

Flag of the United States (‘Stars and Stripes’),
210
,
312
,
314
,
318
,
414

Florida

Spanish colony
,
7
,
34
,
52
,
66
,
85
,
187
,
192

British colony
(East and West F.),
87–8
,
91
,
112
,
120
,
162
,
223

state
,
311
,
312
,
348
,
440
,
504
,
587
,
618
,
672
,
675n

land-boom,
505
,
617

‘Flying Tigers’,
560

Forbes, Charles,
499

Ford, Gerald Rudolph (Pres. 1974–7),
500
,
667
,
671
,
686

Ford, Henry,
445
,
493
,
532

Model T,
493

peace ship,
445

Foreign relations,
220
,
499
,
501
,
552–66
,
603–4
,
657

Forrest, Gen. Nathan Bedford,
342

Fort Donelson,
325

Fort Duquesne
see
Pittsburgh

Fort Henry,
325

Fort Laramie,
220

Fort Monroe,
326
,
345

Fort Pickens,
312–13

Fort Pillow,
333

Fort Sumter,
268
,
286
,
312–14
,
324
,
346
,
378

Fort Ticonderoga,
165
,
172

Fortune
magazine,
588

Foster, Stephen,
281

Foundations,
445

‘Founding Fathers’,
204–5
,
207
,
208
,
209
,
210
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
306
,
409
,
438
,
550
,
640

Fourteen Points
see
Wilson, Woodrow

Fourth of July, the,
174–5
,
178
,
316
,
318
,
337
,
437
,
623

Fox, Charles James,
80
,
162

Fox, George,
93
,
662

France, the French,
7
,
8
,
11
,
34
,
43
,
52
,
63
,
66
,
75
,
76
,
81
,
85
,
92
,
102
,
106
,
108
,
110–11
,
113
,
114
,
126
,
203
,
204
,
209
,
210
,
219
,
237
,
250–52
passim
,
255
,
257
,
260
,
261
,
262
,
324
,
327
,
336
,
394
,
436
,
442
,
483
,
499
,
507
,
584
,
586
,
604
,
611
,
651

defeat in Seven Years War,
85–6

and A. Revolution,
133
,
164–5
,
168
,
169
,
177
,
180–82
,
184
,
185

and First World War,
467
,
468
,
469
,
470
,
480
,
481

and Versailles treaty,
484–6

and Second World War,
572
,
577
-8

and Indo-China,
606
,
646–8
,
652

Franciscan friars,
7
,
52

François I, King of France,
6–7

Frank, Leo,
404

Frankfurter, Mr Justice Felix,
627

quoted
,
627

Franklin, Benjamin,
50
,
73
,
91
,
108
,
109
,
112
,
118
,
215

early life,
97–9
,
127

Poor Richard’s Almanac
,
98

and Stamp Act crisis,
115–16
,
125
,
132
,
135–6

and Quartering Act,
136

and Quaker party,
145

and Tea Act,
158–9

and Declaration of Independence,
174

mission to France,
180
,
181n
,
185

at Constitutional Convention,
195
,
197
,
200

quoted
, on English arrogance,
80
; on Royal Navy,
128
; on John Wilkes,
154
; on Boston Tea Party,
162
; on the rising sun,
200
;
also quoted
,
115–16
,
132

Frederick II of Prussia,
86
,
111
,
182

Fredericksburg, Battle of,
333
,
336

Free blacks,
289
,
298
,
300
,
328

Free enterprise,
543

Free soil,
245
,
294
,
296
,
302
,
303
,
304
,
307

Free Soil Party,
299
,
304

Free trade,
84n
,
158
,
271
,
278
,
381
,
394
,
464
,
482
,
563
,
576
,
577
,
579

Freedmen, black,
331
,
337–8
,
339
,
347
,
352
,
358–72
passim
,
410

Freedmen’s Bureau,
344
,
353
,
361
,
362
,
367–8

Freedom, idea of,
191
,
312

idea of A. freedom,
172–3
,
206
,
319
,
348
,
403

Freedom Riders,
632
,
657–8

Freemasons,
94
,
139
,
278
,
418

Frelinghuysen, Sen. Theodore,
64

Frick, Henry Clay,
385
,
388
,
404
,
410
,
420

Frick Collection,
388

Friends, Society of
see
Quakers

Frontier of settlement,
23
,
48
,
62
,
68
,
119–20
,
121
,
191
,
220–21
,
228
,
229
,
237
,
239
,
245
,
246
,
254
,
282
,
361
,
393
,
402
,
418
,
423
,
588

Southern,
283
,
286

Frostbelt,
672

Fuchs, Klaus
see
Spies, atomic

Fugitive Slave laws,
299
,
304

Fulbright, Sen. James William,
628

Fulton, Missouri,
591

Fulton, Robert,
250
,
378

Fur-trade,
8
,
39
,
47
,
53
,
57
,
112
,
149
,
187

Gable, Clark,
684

Gadsden, Christopher,
131
,
163

Gage, Gen. Thomas,
136
,
149
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
170
,
172

Gaines
v.
Canada
,
624
,
626

Gallatin, Albert,
255
,
263

Galloway, Joseph,
73
,
145
,
163

Gallup Poll,
557

Galveston, Texas,
447

Gandhi, Mohandas,
629

Garfield, James (Pres. 1881),
268
,
362n
,
408
,
449
,
633

Garner, Vice-Pres. John Nance (‘Cactus Jack’),
559

Garrison, William Lloyd,
292
,
293
,
295
,
305
,
323
,
331

Garvey, Marcus,
619

Gary, Indiana,
641

Gaspee
, HMS,
128n
,
155
,
158

Gates, Gen. Horatio,
181

Gates, Sir Thomas,
23

Gaulle, Gen. Charles de,
577
,
647
,
651

General Electric,
684

General Motors,
493
,
511
,
609

General warrants,
154
,
211

Genêt, Edmond Charles (‘Citizen Genêt’),
252

Geneva conference, 1954,
648

George, Henry,
393

George I, King,
78

George II, King,
73
,
78
,
86

George III, King,
78
,
79
,
80
,
86
,
106
, in,
145
,
148
,
154
,
163n
,
169
,
172
,
175
,
182
,
186
,
187
,
192
,
204
,
256
,
264
,
275
,
298
,
441
,
516
,
562

character,
73

denounced by P. Henry,
123–4

dismisses Grenville,
132

New York statue,
135

and Chatham,
140–42

and Lord North,
151
,
180

‘Junius’ on,
154

T. Paine on,
173

George, Sen. Walter Franklin,
549

George V, King,
478
,
483
,
503n

Georgia,
7
,
67
,
108
,
673
,
686

colony
,
52
,
88
,
101
,
120
,
121
; in A. Revolution,
131
,
132
,
151
,
153
,
163
,
182

state
,
66
,
68
,
190
,
201
,
227
,
229
,
275
,
311
,
404
,
428
,
581
,
587
,
618
,
619
,
661
; and slavery,
175n
,
199
,
292
,
298
; in Civil War,
335
,
340
,
341–3
; under Reconstruction,
348
,
364
,
368
; and civil rights movement,
635

Germain, Lord George,
168
,
182

German-Americans,
94
,
95n
,
397
,
437
,
477
,
488
,
558

Germantown, Pennsylvania,
99

Germany, Germans,
86
,
93
,
106
,
108
,
145
,
182
,
204
,
300
,
303
,
394
,
395
,
396
,
402
,
422
,
437
,
439
,
646

in First World War,
468–81
passim

and Versailles treaty,
484
,
485–6

during 1920s,
499
,
501
,
507–8
,
512

under Hitler,
554
,
555
,
557
,
627

in Second World War,
567
,
571–3
,
58
i> 623

after 1945,
578
,
579
,
584
,
590

West G.,
587
,
590
,
600

Geronimo,
62
,
69

Gerry, Elbridge,
145n
,
198
,
200

Gerrymandering,
145
,
409

Gettysburg Address,
337–8

Gettysburg, Battle of,
334
,
337–8
,
437

Ghana,
619

Ghent, peace of,
228
,
230
,
255
,
436

Gibraltar,
112–13
,
182

Gila river,
56n

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey,
7
,
12
,
13

Gilded Age,
383n

Gladstone, William Ewart,
112
,
469

Glasgow,
101

Glass, Sen. Carter,
463
,
526–7
,
533

Goebbels, Joseph,
581
,
623

Gold,
4
,
6
,
10–11
,
13
,
23
,
387
,
410
,
428
,
430
,
431
,
443
,
463
,
507
,
670

Gold standard
(see also
Currency
),
418
,
426
,
429–32
,
443
,
513
,
525–6

Gold-bugs,
429
,
430
,
431
,
443

Goldwater, Sen. Barry M.,
635
,
653
,
684

Gompers, Samuel,
377n
,
419–21
,
430
,
459
,
535

Gone with the Wind
,
285n

‘Good Neighbour’ policy,
552

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
692

Gould, Jay,
386–7
,
389
,
410
,
411
,
423–4
,
446

BOOK: Penguin History of the United States of America
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