Read Penguin History of the United States of America Online
Authors: Hugh Brogan
Equal Employment Opportunity, Committee on [later, Commission],
631
,
635
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (1972),
678
,
679
,
680
Equality
egalitarianism,
235
,
243
,
274
,
278
,
314
,
353
,
424
principle of,
46
,
191
,
274
,
312
,
348
,
372
,
582
Erie Railroad,
387
Espionage and Sedition Acts,
478
Ethnic groups,
95n
,
102
,
437
,
641–2
,
671
Ethnicity,
405
European Economic Commuinity,
209
Evers, Medgar,
633
Export–Import Bank,
543–4
Exports and imports,
250
,
269
,
450
,
488
,
499
,
500
Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC),
624
,
625
Fair Labour Standards Act,
548–9
Falkland Islands,
436
Fall, Albert Bacon,
500
Falmouth, Maine,
137
Faneuil Hall, Boston,
159
Faragher, John Mack,
224n
Farewell Address
see
Washington, George
Farm Bureau,
621
Farm Credit Act,
527
Farm Holiday Association,
536
Farm Security Administration,
569
,
621
Farmers,
192
,
229
,
230–31
,
235
,
244
,
253
,
269
,
274
,
298
,
380
,
397
,
401
,
409
,
417
,
418
,
421
,
440
,
443
,
453
,
465
,
477
,
492
,
514–15
,
529
,
567
,
596
,
611
and Shays’s Rebellion,
189–90
Southern f.,
361
,
365–6
,
371
,
465
,
503–4
,
617
,
621
and Populist movement,
423–33
during the New Deal,
525–5
,
535
,
536–40
Farmers’ Alliance,
425–7
Farms, family,
286
,
290
,
365
,
386
,
395–6
,
425
,
432
,
465
,
490
,
504
Farragut, Admiral David Glasgow,
325
Faubus, Gov. Orval,
628
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
417
,
580
,
601
,
634
,
666
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA),
539
,
540–42
,
618
Federal Emergency Relief Act,
526
,
540
Division of Rural Rehabilitation,
542
Federal Housing Administration,
544
,
621
,
625
Federal Reserve Act,
462–3
Federal Reserve Board,
463
,
464
,
509
Federal Reserve System,
461
,
463
,
506–7
,
524
,
543
Federal system, federalism,
208
,
407–9
,
693
Federal Trade Commission,
529
Federal Writers American Guides,
542
Federalist party (post-1789),
259
,
261
,
262
,
263
,
272
,
273
,
279
,
426
Federalists (pre-1789),
201–3
,
206
Field, James,
426–7
Fillmore, Millard (Pres. 1850–53),
243
,
299
,
300
,
304
Financiers
see
Capitalists
Finland, Finns,
95n
,
108
,
484
,
578
Fires, fire-fighting,
92
,
97
,
400
Triangle fire,
464
Fishing
(see also
Cod fisheries
),
8
,
47
,
185
whaling,
127
Fitzgerald, Francis Scott Key,
495
Flag of the United States (‘Stars and Stripes’),
210
,
312
,
314
,
318
,
414
Florida
Spanish colony
,
7
,
34
,
52
,
66
,
85
,
187
,
192
British colony
(East and West F.),
87–8
,
91
,
112
,
120
,
162
,
223
state
,
311
,
312
,
348
,
440
,
504
,
587
,
618
,
672
,
675n
‘Flying Tigers’,
560
Forbes, Charles,
499
Ford, Gerald Rudolph (Pres. 1974–7),
500
,
667
,
671
,
686
Model T,
493
peace ship,
445
Foreign relations,
220
,
499
,
501
,
552–66
,
603–4
,
657
Forrest, Gen. Nathan Bedford,
342
Fort Donelson,
325
Fort Duquesne
see
Pittsburgh
Fort Henry,
325
Fort Laramie,
220
Fort Pickens,
312–13
Fort Pillow,
333
Fort Sumter,
268
,
286
,
312–14
,
324
,
346
,
378
Fortune
magazine,
588
Foster, Stephen,
281
Foundations,
445
‘Founding Fathers’,
204–5
,
207
,
208
,
209
,
210
,
211
,
213
,
214
,
306
,
409
,
438
,
550
,
640
Fourteen Points
see
Wilson, Woodrow
Fourth of July, the,
174–5
,
178
,
316
,
318
,
337
,
437
,
623
France, the French,
7
,
8
,
11
,
34
,
43
,
52
,
63
,
66
,
75
,
76
,
81
,
85
,
92
,
102
,
106
,
108
,
110–11
,
113
,
114
,
126
,
203
,
204
,
209
,
210
,
219
,
237
,
250–52
passim
,
255
,
257
,
260
,
261
,
262
,
324
,
327
,
336
,
394
,
436
,
442
,
483
,
499
,
507
,
584
,
586
,
604
,
611
,
651
defeat in Seven Years War,
85–6
and A. Revolution,
133
,
164–5
,
168
,
169
,
177
,
180–82
,
184
,
185
and First World War,
467
,
468
,
469
,
470
,
480
,
481
and Versailles treaty,
484–6
and Second World War,
572
,
577
-8
François I, King of France,
6–7
Frank, Leo,
404
Frankfurter, Mr Justice Felix,
627
quoted
,
627
Franklin, Benjamin,
50
,
73
,
91
,
108
,
109
,
112
,
118
,
215
Poor Richard’s Almanac
,
98
and Stamp Act crisis,
115–16
,
125
,
132
,
135–6
and Quartering Act,
136
and Quaker party,
145
and Tea Act,
158–9
and Declaration of Independence,
174
mission to France,
180
,
181n
,
185
at Constitutional Convention,
195
,
197
,
200
quoted
, on English arrogance,
80
; on Royal Navy,
128
; on John Wilkes,
154
; on Boston Tea Party,
162
; on the rising sun,
200
;
also quoted
,
115–16
,
132
Frederick II of Prussia,
86
,
111
,
182
Fredericksburg, Battle of,
333
,
336
Free enterprise,
543
Free soil,
245
,
294
,
296
,
302
,
303
,
304
,
307
Free trade,
84n
,
158
,
271
,
278
,
381
,
394
,
464
,
482
,
563
,
576
,
577
,
579
Freedmen, black,
331
,
337–8
,
339
,
347
,
352
,
358–72
passim
,
410
Freedmen’s Bureau,
344
,
353
,
361
,
362
,
367–8
idea of A. freedom,
172–3
,
206
,
319
,
348
,
403
Frelinghuysen, Sen. Theodore,
64
Frick, Henry Clay,
385
,
388
,
404
,
410
,
420
Frick Collection,
388
Friends, Society of
see
Quakers
Frontier of settlement,
23
,
48
,
62
,
68
,
119–20
,
121
,
191
,
220–21
,
228
,
229
,
237
,
239
,
245
,
246
,
254
,
282
,
361
,
393
,
402
,
418
,
423
,
588
Frostbelt,
672
Fuchs, Klaus
see
Spies, atomic
Fulbright, Sen. James William,
628
Fulton, Missouri,
591
Fur-trade,
8
,
39
,
47
,
53
,
57
,
112
,
149
,
187
Gable, Clark,
684
Gage, Gen. Thomas,
136
,
149
,
162
,
163
,
164
,
170
,
172
Gallup Poll,
557
Galveston, Texas,
447
Gandhi, Mohandas,
629
Garfield, James (Pres. 1881),
268
,
362n
,
408
,
449
,
633
Garner, Vice-Pres. John Nance (‘Cactus Jack’),
559
Garrison, William Lloyd,
292
,
293
,
295
,
305
,
323
,
331
Garvey, Marcus,
619
Gary, Indiana,
641
Gates, Gen. Horatio,
181
Gates, Sir Thomas,
23
Gaulle, Gen. Charles de,
577
,
647
,
651
General Electric,
684
Genêt, Edmond Charles (‘Citizen Genêt’),
252
Geneva conference, 1954,
648
George, Henry,
393
George I, King,
78
George III, King,
78
,
79
,
80
,
86
,
106
, in,
145
,
148
,
154
,
163n
,
169
,
172
,
175
,
182
,
186
,
187
,
192
,
204
,
256
,
264
,
275
,
298
,
441
,
516
,
562
character,
73
denounced by P. Henry,
123–4
dismisses Grenville,
132
New York statue,
135
and Chatham,
140–42
‘Junius’ on,
154
T. Paine on,
173
George, Sen. Walter Franklin,
549
colony
,
52
,
88
,
101
,
120
,
121
; in A. Revolution,
131
,
132
,
151
,
153
,
163
,
182
state
,
66
,
68
,
190
,
201
,
227
,
229
,
275
,
311
,
404
,
428
,
581
,
587
,
618
,
619
,
661
; and slavery,
175n
,
199
,
292
,
298
; in Civil War,
335
,
340
,
341–3
; under Reconstruction,
348
,
364
,
368
; and civil rights movement,
635
German-Americans,
94
,
95n
,
397
,
437
,
477
,
488
,
558
Germantown, Pennsylvania,
99
Germany, Germans,
86
,
93
,
106
,
108
,
145
,
182
,
204
,
300
,
303
,
394
,
395
,
396
,
402
,
422
,
437
,
439
,
646
in First World War,
468–81
passim
and Versailles treaty,
484
,
485–6
during 1920s,
499
,
501
,
507–8
,
512
in Second World War,
567
,
571–3
,
58
i> 623
Gettysburg Address,
337–8
Gettysburg, Battle of,
334
,
337–8
,
437
Ghana,
619
Ghent, peace of,
228
,
230
,
255
,
436
Gila river,
56n
Gilded Age,
383n
Gladstone, William Ewart,
112
,
469
Glasgow,
101
Glass, Sen. Carter,
463
,
526–7
,
533
Gold,
4
,
6
,
10–11
,
13
,
23
,
387
,
410
,
428
,
430
,
431
,
443
,
463
,
507
,
670
Gold standard
(see also
Currency
),
418
,
426
,
429–32
,
443
,
513
,
525–6
Goldwater, Sen. Barry M.,
635
,
653
,
684
Gompers, Samuel,
377n
,
419–21
,
430
,
459
,
535
Gone with the Wind
,
285n
‘Good Neighbour’ policy,
552
Gorbachev, Mikhail,
692