Never Call Retreat (80 page)

5.
Thomas B. Van Home,
History of the Army of the Cumberland,
Vol. II, 198, 204, 219.

6.
Letter of William D. Gale dated Jan. 14, 1865, in the Gale-Polk Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; Capt. Irving A. Buck,
Cleburne and His Command,
280-90; Stone, op. cit., 464-77.

7.
Basler, Vol. IV, 235-36; Vol. VIII, 149-50.

8.
Isaac N. Arnold,
The Life of Abraham Lincoln,
359.

9.      OR., Vol. XLV, Part Two, 114-16, 118, 295-96;
Personal
Memoirs of U. S. Grant,
Vol. II, 379-80, 382-83.

10.Letter of J. H. Everett of the 143rd New York Volunteers, dated Dec. 19, 1864, in the J. H. Everett Papers, Georgia Historical Society; Lt. Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr.,
The Siege of Savannah,
169, 173-74; Sherman's report, O.R., Vol. XLIV, 13.

11.Kean,
Inside the Confederate Government,
182; O.R., Vol. XLIV, 783. A copy of Campbell's letter is in the Campbell-Colston Papers, Southern Historical Collection.

12.Col. William Lamb,
The Defense of Fort Fisher,
B. & L., Vol. IV, 642-54; Admiral David Porter,
Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War,
273.

13.Letters of Blair to Barlow dated Jan. 7, Jan. 12, and Feb. 9, 1865, in the Barlow Papers, Huntington Library; speech of Fernando Wood, Jan. 10, in the Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, Second Session, Part One, 194.

14.Brooks,
W'ashington in Lincoln's Time,
185-87; Nicolay & Hay, Vol. X, 88-90.

3. Too Late

1.
Jacob Cox,
The March to the Sea—Franklin and Nashville,
165-71; O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part One, 17-19.

2.
O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part Two, 511; Davis,
Rise and Fall,
Vol. H, 612-17; Nicolay & Hay, Vol. X, 93-110.

3.
R. M. T. Hunter,
The Peace Commission of 1865,
SHSP, Vol. Ill, 173-74; Alexander Stephens,
Constitutional View of the War Between the States,
Vol. II, 602.

4.
No minutes were made at the conference. A detailed summary of the discussion, written shortly afterward by Justice Campbell, is in the Campbell-Colston Papers in the Southern Historical Collection, at the University of North Carolina, and a copy of this, apparently made by Mrs. Hunter, is in the R. M. T. Hunter Papers in the Alderman Library, University of Virginia.

5.
Personal Memoirs of V. S. Grant,
Vol. II, 421-22; Basler, Vol. VIII, 284-85; Frederick Seward,
Seward at Washington,
Vol. Ill, 261.

6.
Letter of Justice Campbell to Horace Greeley dated April 26, 1865, quoting a memorandum given him by Lincoln after the fall of Richmond, in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; Basler, Vol. VIII, 260-61; manuscript by Gideon Welles setting forth Lincoln's plans for reconstruction, in the John Hay Library, Brown University.

7.
Rowland, Vol. VI, 396.

8.
OR., Series Four, Vol. Ill, 1161-62.

9.      SHSP, New Series No. XIV, Old Series No. LII, 282-83,
454-55.

10.        O.R., Series Four, Vol. Ill, 761-62, 1009.

11.Davis,
Rise and Fall,
Vol. I, 518; manuscript diary of Secretary Mallory, in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina.

12.Letter of Lee to Andrew Hunter, in O.R., Series Four, Vol. Ill, 1012-13.

13. Kean,
Inside the Confederate Government,
204.

4. None Shall Be Weary

1.
Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln's Time,
210; letter of Lincoln to Thurlow Weed dated March 15, in Basler, Vol. VIII, 356.

2.
Washington in Lincoln's Time,
211-12, 214; diary of Michael Shiner, a free colored man of Washington, who was greatly impressed by the appearance of the star, in the manuscript division of the Library of Congress.

3.
Basler, Vol. VIII, 201, 330-31; O.R., Vol. XLIV, 842. Lee's proposal to Grant grew out of a flag of truce interview between General Longstreet and his "old army" friend, Gen. E. O. C. Ord, who had succeeded Ben Butler in command of the Federal Army of the James;
The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
911-12.

4.
Halleck. to Canby dated Feb. 25, in B. & L., extra-illustrated, Vol. Ill, at the Huntington Library.

5.
Jacob Cox,
The March to the Sea—Franklin and Nashville,
147-62, 199-203; James H. Wilson,
Under the Old Flag,
Vol. II, 160-89.

6.
O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part One, 1018-21; Charles Carleton Coffin,
The Boys of '61,
462-66, 481-82.

7.
Sherman's disavowal of blame, and his explanation of the origin of the fire, are set forth both in his official report (O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part One, 21-22) and in his
Memoirs
(Vol. II, 268-88). The veteran's letter cited in the text is quoted in the diary of Major James Austin Connolly,
Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1938,
379. One of the darkest pictures of the army's behavior in Columbia is that of a Federal officer, Capt. David P. Conyngham, in
Sherman's March Through the South,
331-32. The remark of Gen. Johnston is in Jacob Cox, op. cit., 168.

8.
O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part One, 62-63, 389-90; Series Four, Vol. Ill, 1161; Basler, Vol. VIII, 377.

9.
The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
910; O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part Three, 1353-54; Anderson's account of his operations from October, 1864, to April 8, 1865, in the Lee Headquarters Papers, Virginia State Historical Society; John B. Gordon,
Reminiscences of the Civil War, 397.
Preston's report is O.R., Series Four, Vol. Ill, 1119-20.

10.Freeman,
R. E. Lee,
Vol. m, 533-35; O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part One, 1050-51, 1055; Johnston,
Narrative of Military Operations,
372.

11.O.R., Vol. XL, Part Three, 638-39; Vol. XLVII, Part Two, 1395-96;
The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
914-15.

12.O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part One, 173, 382; R. D. Funkhouser,
The Storming of Fort Steadman on Hare's Hill, Front of Petersburg, Va.,
in E. R. Hutchins,
The War of the Sixties,
224-25. Gordon has a good account of the battle in his
Reminiscences of the Civil War,
397-412.

13.Grant's orders of March 24 and his account of what followed are in O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part One, 50-54.

14.    Letter of Sherman to I. N. Arnold dated Nov. 28, 1872,
photostat in the Chicago Historical Society;
Memoirs of Gen. W.
T. Sherman,
Vol. II, 325-28; Nicolay & Hay, Vol. X, 215;
Home
Letters of General Sherman,
336.

15. O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part Three, 332.

16.LaSalle Corbell Pickett,
Pickett and His Men,
386;
The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
922-23.

17.There is a good summary of this operation in one of the best of the National Park Service's excellent handbooks, Richard Wayne Lykes'
Petersburg.
The orders to Warren, and the reports dealing with his movement, are in O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part Three, 336 ff; Warren's defense is detailed in the G. K. Warren Papers, New York State Library, Albany, Rosser's story of the shad bake is in his postwar letter to A. S. Perham, in the Alexander Stewart Webb Collection, Historical Manuscripts Division, Yale University Library. For the findings of the Court of Inquiry which at last cleared Warren, see B. & L., Vol. IV, 723-24.

18.Lee to Davis dated April 2, in the Lee Headquarters Papers, Virginia State Historical Society.

5. As in the Old Days

1.
Diary of S. R. Mallory, in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library; letter of Mrs. Mary A. Fontaine to Mrs. Marie Burrows Sayre dated April 30, 1865, in the Confederate Memorial Literary Society, Richmond; Col. George A. Bruce,
The Capture and Occupation of Richmond,
MHSM Papers, Vol. XIV, 125.

2.
Longstreet,
From Manassas to Appomattox,
607; Varina Davis,
Jefferson Davis: a Memoir, by His Wife,
Vol. II, 582-84; H. W. Bruce,
Some Reminiscences of the Second of April, 1865,
SHSP, Vol. IX, No. Five, 206-7.

3.
Edward M. Boykin,
The Falling Flag: Evacuation of Richmond, Retreat, and Surrender at Appomattox,
10-16; Diary of S. R. Mallory, as cited in Note 1, above; Clement Sulivane and Thomas Thatcher Graves,
The Fall of Richmond,
B. & L., Vol. IV, 725-27; Eunice Crump Lightfoot,
Papers Relating Personal Experiences in and Around Richmond during the Last Days of the Confederacy,
Confederate Memorial Literary Society, Richmond; letter of Mary A. Fontaine, cited in Note 1, above; diary of Miss Lelian M. Cook, in the Virginia State Historical Society, Richmond, original loaned by Mrs. J. C. Pettit of Blackstone, Va.; letter of Miss Emma Mordecai to "a Confederate officer" dated April 5, 1865, in the Confederate Memorial Literary Society; Mrs. LaSalle Corbell Pickett,
The First United States Flag Raised in Richmond after the War,
in Rossiter Johnson,
Campfire and Battlefield,
453-54.

4.
Nicolay & Hay, Vol. X, 216-19; Major Charles B. Penrose,
Lincoln's Visit to Richmond,
from
The Century,
May-October 1890, 306-7; Charles Carleton Coffin,
The Boys of '61,
510-12.

5.
Henry G. Connor,
John Archibald Cambell,
175-76; Basler, Vol. VIII, 386-87, 389; Campbell,
A View of the Confederacy from the Inside, Century Magazine,
October 1889, 952.

6.         Basler, Vol. VHI, 388.

7.
Letter of Campbell to Horace Greeley dated April 26, 1865, in the Campbell-Colston Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina. Lincoln's appraisal of Campbell's misconception of the situation is in Basler, Vol. VIII, 406-7.

8.
Basler, Vol. VIII, 389, 392. For an excellent study of operations between the fall of Petersburg and the final scene at Appomattox see Col. Thomas L. Livermore,
The Generalship of the Appomattox Campaign,
MHSM Papers, Vol. VI, 489-501.

9.
Dr. John Herbert Claiborne,
Last Days of Lee and His Paladins,
in George S. Bernard,
War Talks of Confederate Veterans,
255-56;
The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
938-39.

10.The exchange of notes between Grant and Lee is in O. R., Vol. XLVI, Part One, 56-57.

11.E. P. Alexander,
Lee at Appomattox: Personal Recollections of the Break-up of the Confederacy, Century Magazine,
April 1902, 921-26.

12.Note Sherman's remark in a letter to Mrs. Sherman at this time: "There is a class of young men who will never live at peace. Long after Lee's and Johnston's armies are beaten and scattered they will band together as highwaymen and keep the country in a fever, begetting a guerilla war."
(Home Letters of General Sherman,
342.)

13.Col. Charles Marshall,
An Aide-de-Camp of Lee,
269-78; O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part One, 1267.

14.From the Reminiscences of Berry Benson, in the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina.

6. To the Dark Indefinite Shore

1. Gideon Welles,
Lincoln on Reconstruction,
typed manuscript
in the John Hay Library, Brown University.

2.
 
Noah Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln's Time,
222-27.

3.
 
Basler, Vol. VIII, 399-405.

4.
 
The assumption that the cabinet forced Lincoln to abandon his Virginia plan seems unjustified. On the morning of April 12— after he had learned the full extent of his cabinet's opposition to the plan—Lincoln telegraphed Weitzel to ask whether there were any visible indications that the legislators were actually going to meet; not until six o'clock that evening did he order Weitzel to forbid the meeting, and he prefaced this order by saying that he had just seen a letter from Campbell to Weitzel giving Campbell's free interpretation of the program that was to be followed. O.R., Vol. XLVI, Part Three, 723-35; Basler, Vol. VIII, 405-8; Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman,
Stanton: the Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War,
355-56.

5.
Supra, 271; Thomas and Hyman,
Stanton,
357-58; Welles,
Lincoln on Reconstruction,
mss. cited in Note 1, above.

6.
At the beginning of 1863 Bates wrote that once the slaves were freed they were not just partly free: "In the language of the Constitution they will be 'free persons.' . . . The Constitution was made as it is for the very purpose of securing to every citizen common and equal rights all over the nation, and to prevent local prejudice and captious legislation in the states." (See supra, 67.) Incidentally, Bates left the cabinet late in 1864, and James Speed took his place as attorney general.

7.
Johnston,
Narrative of Military Operations,
372, 385-89, 396-99; O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part One, 43, 1059; Part Three, 73-74. For Bentonville, see Jay Luvaas,
Johnston's Last Stand: Ben-tonville,
North Carolina Historical Review, Vol. XXXIII, No. Three, 333-54.

8.         Sherman's report, O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part One, 31-33.

9.      The text of the Sherman-Johnston "memorandum," and
Sherman's covering letter to Grant, are in O.R., Vol. XLVII,
Part Three, 243-44.

10.    Ibid., 293; letter of Grant to Sherman dated April 21,
1865, in the J. P. Morgan Library, New York; Thomas and Hy-
man,
Stanton,
406-14; Lloyd Lewis,
Sherman: Fighting Prophet,
544-60.

11. O.R., Vol. XLVII, Part Three, 410-11, 515.

12. In a postwar letter to Reagan, Davis wrote that "The
offer of Sherman to furnish a ship on which I might leave the
country with family & personal effects was communicated to me
by Breckinridge, after you and he returned from Raleigh." (Let-
ter dated Aug. 9, 1877, in the Davis-Reagan Papers, Dallas His-
torical Society, Dallas.) Reagan refers to the offer in
The Flight
and Capture of Jefferson Davis,
in
Annals of the War,
150.