Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece (71 page)

hoplite shield: adoption of,
148
–
49
; Assyrian infantry shield and,
99
,
180
; battle formations, implications for,
57
–
59
,
91
–
92
,
113
–
14
,
116
–
19
,
138
–
40
,
169
; as the decisive hoplite innovation,
77
–
78
,
113
–
14
; depictions of,
57
–
58
; disadvantages of,
24
–
25
,
116
–
17
,
162
–
64
; as Greek invention,
99
; implications of adopting,
xiii
,
14
–
15
,
18
,
38
; moral role of,
270n.7
,
272n.22
; physical characteristics of,
157
–
61
,
170n.3
; use of,
60
–
61
,
161
–
64
; weight of,
138
,
161
–
62
,
169
; YouTube video showing use of,
139
.
See also
shields

Hornblower, Simon,
82n.19
,
147
,
178

Hunt, Peter,
79
,
82n.19

Hybrias the Cretan,
136
,
179

iconography: artistic representation of hoplites, difficulty of,
270n.2
; battle, representations of,
44
,
63
–
70
,
266
–
67
; the Chigi vase (
see
Chigi vase
); hoplite equipment, depiction of,
62
,
88
; the hoplite orthodoxy and,
xiii
–
xiv
,
12
,
15
–
16
,
35–36; hoplite phalanx, depiction of,
138
; shields, depiction of,
44
,
57
–
58
,
60
–
61
,
136
–
37
,
157
–
58
,
163
; soldiers of fortune depicted in,
182
–
84
; spears, depiction of use of,
142

ideology of hoplites,
75
,
79

Iphicrates/Iphikrates,
11
,
189

Jameson, Michael,
140
–
41

Kagan, Donald,
81
,
143

Keegan, John,
23
–
25
,
128
–
29n.41
,
142
,
148
,
269

Keos Survey,
198
,
202
–
6

Köchly, H.,
23
,
135
,
138

Koroneia, battle of,
142
–
43

Krentz, Peter: collision of hoplite forces, disbelief in,
128n.41
; distance between hoplites in the phalanx,
128n.37
; end of hoplite battle, “agonal” conventions marking,
244
; Greek terminology, changing meanings over time in,
88
; hoplite equipment, weight of,
127
–
28n.28
,
265
,
273n.27
; hoplite equipment and open, fluid style of fighting, compatibility of,
243
,
272n.20
; knowledge of Greek warfare in practice, our limited,
76
; orthodox position, criticism of,
xv
,
41
–
42
,
117
–
18
; political change in Archaic Greece, hoplites and,
79
; pushing forward in battle formations, view of,
59

Kromayer, Johannes,
23
,
145
,
269

Kunze, Emil,
87
–
88
,
159

Kyriatzi, Evangelia,
214

Kythera Survey,
214
–
15

Lachmann, Karl,
3

Laconia Survey,
212
,
214

Laertes,
194

Latacz, Joachim,
45
–
47
,
78
,
85
–
87
,
89
,
91
,
114
, Lawrence, T. E.,
185

Lazenby, J. F.,
142

Leimbach, Rüdiger,
86

Liddell, Henry George,
144

life expectancy,
173n.57

Liston, Maria,
172n.44

Lord, Albert,
45

Lorimer, H. L.: heroic tactics and contemporary arms and armor, images depicting,
57
; Homeric warfare, view of,
44
–
45
,
87
; hoplite orthodoxy, contribution to,
xiii
–
xiv
,
14
–
16
,
19
,
35
,
37
,
138
; iconographic commentary of,
64
–
67

Luginbill, Robert,
146

Luraghi, Nino,
180
–
83

Lykurgos/Lykurgus and the Lykurgean system,
6
,
77

Ma, John,
92
–
93

Macan, R. W.,
144

Mardonius,
7

Matthew, Christopher,
140
,
142

mercenaries.
see
soldiers of fortune

Methana Survey,
207
–
10

military practices: cavalry, Greek use of,
11
; composition of armies, comparison of Greek and Near Eastern,
97
–
99
; dancing as part of hoplite training,
43
; equipment, comparison of Greek and Near Eastern,
99
–
100
; fighting tactics, comparison of Greek and Near Eastern,
100
–
103
; the hoplite revolution in,
xi
–
xiv
; interactive evolution of the polis, political thought, and,
95
–
96
,
103
; length of citizen military service obligation,
167
–
68
; lightly armed troops, Greek use of,
10
–
11
; tactics (
See
battle tactics
).
see also
warfare

Miltiades,
98
,
149

Mimnermos/Mimnernus,
150n.14
,
189
–
90

Minnesota Messenia Expedition,
196
,
214

Mitford, William,
151
–
52n.58

Momigliano, Arnaldo,
271n.16

Morris, I.,
126n.6
,
127n.9
,
131n.87
,
248n.53
,
249n.60

Morris, Sarah,
97
,
216

Mumford, Lewis,
1

Nagy, Gregory,
89
,
129n.55

Near East: Greek soldiers of fortune in,
180
–
84
; “orientalizing” influence on Greek military practices,
96
–
102

Nebuchadnezzar II (king of Babylon),
185

Necho (king of Egypt),
185

Nicias,
9

Nierhaus, R.,
35
–
36

Nilsson, Martin,
xiii
–
xiv
,
12
–
14
,
51
–
52n.61
,
51n.54
,
150n.24

Olsen, Claus,
164

Oman, Charles,
53n.112

Orgill, Kyra,
272n.18

Orthagoras of Sicyon,
20

Osborne, R.,
115
,
127n.24
,
130n.83

paeans,
141

Pagondas,
262
–
63
,
272n.19

panoply.
See
armor

Pappadopoulos, J.,
216

Papua New Guinea Highlanders,
70
–
72

Parke, H. W.,
182

Parry, Milman,
45
,
56n.200

Pausanias,
92
,
137
,
161

Peisistratus,
3
–
4
,
238

Pericles,
8
,
121
,
130n.68

Petersen, Wolfgang,
143

phalanx, hoplite: Aristotle on the rise of,
241
–
42
; centrality of for the Greek polis,
13
–
14
; changing social/economic structures and development of,
240
–
45
; depth of,
8
–
9
; emergence of (
see
chronology
); forming in the sea,
189
; Homer and,
44
–
47
,
85
–
87
; hoplite armor and, relationship of,
35
–
38
,
243
(
see also
armor
); in the hoplite orthodoxy,
xii
; hoplite shield and,
57
–
59
,
113
–
14
,
116
–
19
,
138
–
40
(
see also
hoplite shield); the nature of,
137
–
40
; Near Eastern influence on development of,
96
–
97
,
100
–
103
; origin of,
29
,
42
–
43
,
49
,
137
,
194
–
95
(
see also
chronology
); representations of,
63
–
70
; second transitional stage after the invention of,
40
–
41
; spacing of men in,
8
,
42
,
128n.37
,
139
–
40
; supremacy of in Greek warfare,
11
.
see also
grand hoplite narrative

Pheidon of Argos,
41
,
50n.20
,
124
–
25

Philip of Macedon,
11

philological approach,
88
–
89

Philopoemen,
93

Phocylides of Miletus,
234
–
36

physiology of modern men compared to Greeks of antiquity,
165
–
68

Pindar,
1
,
262

Pittman, Allen,
139
–
40
,
142
,
150n.8
,
150n.30

Plato,
1
,
43
–
44
,
78
,
242
,
261
–
62
,
271n.12

Pliny the Elder,
136
,
158

Plutarch,
92
,
141
,
161
,
241

police, shields used in riot control by,
139
,
164
–
65

polis, the: conflict based on economic class, prevalence of,
237
–
40
; development of, van Wees
vs
. Hanson on (
see
historical development
); farmer-citizen-soldiers, armies consisting of,
9
–
10
,
17
–
18
,
22
–
23
,
34
; formation of, warfare-politics connection and,
75
; “going hoplite”: utilitarian
vs
. ideological reasons for,
75
,
78
–
79
; the hoplite revolution and,
120
–
26
; hoplites and, relationship of,
xii
–
xiv
,
3
–
7
,
13
–
14
,
20
–
21
,
40
–
41
,
176
–
80
,
194
–
95
; interactive evolution of political thought, military practices, and,
95
–
96
,
103
; orthodox view and major challengers on the rise of,
112
–
16
; “polis,” usage of the term,
126n.6
; rise of, Grote’s interpretation of,
4
–
5
; rural settlement and development of,
215
–
17
; transformation of, seventh-century agrarian and military revolutions underlying,
123
–
26
; warships owned by, lack of,
187

political thought, interactive evolution of the polis, military practices, and,
95
–
96
,
103

Polyainos,
92
,
137

Polybius,
27
,
42
,
101
,
140
–
41
,
269

population growth,
122
–
23
,
223

Powell, J. E.,
144

Pressfield, Steven,
134

Pritchett, W. Kendrick: Greek warfare, contribution to understanding,
134
; Hanson’s praise for,
23
; hoplite orthodoxy, contribution to,
269
; the hoplite phalanx in Homer,
114
; hoplite warfare in Archaic Greece,
82n.19
; Latacz’s reading of Homer, historical implications of,
86
; the rugby model, support for,
146
; spacing between hoplites in the phalanx,
139
; “Stele of the Vultures,” reference to,
100

Psammetichus I (king of Egypt),
184

Pylos Survey,
214
–
15

Qurdi-Ashur-lamur,
181

Raaflaub, Kurt: aristocrats in pre-phalanx mass warfare,
129n.56
; evolution rather than revolution, hoplite,
114
–
15
,
120
; the hoplite shield and phalanx, relationship of,
78
; land-owning farmers as hoplites, role in the polis of,
271n.11
; Latacz’s close formations and the hoplite phalanx,
91
; uniqueness of Greek political thought,
131n.101
; uniqueness of Greek shield and hoplite arms,
128n.35