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Authors: Donald Kagan,Gregory F. Viggiano

Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece (69 page)

BOOK: Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
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Donald Kagan
is Sterling Professor of Classics and History at Yale University. His most recent books are
The Peloponnesian War
and
Thucydides: The Reinvention of History
.

Peter Krentz
received his PhD in history from Yale University in 1979 and has since taught Greek and Roman history at Davidson College, where he is now the W. R. Grey Professor of Classics and History. He has written a series of articles about Greek warfare, leading up to
The Battle of Marathon
(Yale University Press, 2010).

Kurt A. Raaflaub
is David Herlihy Professor of Classics and History emeritus at Brown University. His research interests cover archaic and classical Greek as well as Roman republican political, social, and intellectual history, and the comparative history of ancient civilizations. His books include
The Discovery of Freedom in Ancient Greece
(2004),
War and Society in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds
(coed., 1999), and
War and Peace in the Ancient World
(ed., 2007).

Adam Schwartz
is a postdoctoral fellow at the Section for Greek and Latin, University of Copenhagen. He is the author of
Reinstating the Hoplite: Arms, Armour and Phalanx Fighting in Archaic and Classical Greece
(2009) and has published studies on Aristotle’s
Politics
, Greek interstate alliances, and Homeric society. He currently does research on early Greek literacy.

Anthony Snodgrass
served as Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cambridge (UK) from 1976 to 2001. His first field of research was in Greek military equipment, later extended into the broader study of the archaeology of Early Iron Age and Archaic Greece as a whole.

Hans van Wees
is Grote Professor of Ancient History at University College London. He is the author of
Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities
(2004), editor of
War and Violence in Ancient Greece
(2010), and coeditor of
The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare
(2007).

Gregory F. Viggiano
received his PhD in classics from Yale University. He is assistant professor of history at Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut. He and Kagan are the authors of
Problems in the History of Ancient Greece
.

INDEX

Abu Simbel, mercenaries’ names inscribed at,
184

Achaean League,
92

Adcock, F. E.,
16

18
,
21
,
28
,
52n.73
,
269

Aeschylus,
98

99

Agis,
9

agriculture: the emergence of hoplites and,
xvi
,
28

35
,
97
,
122

23
,
176

77
,
194

95
,
217
,
260

61
; farmer-citizen-soldiers,
9

10
,
17

18
,
22

23
,
34
,
113
,
271n.9
; the gentleman farmer, definition of,
236
; the Greek countryside/landscape, archaeological data regarding (
see
archaeological data
); harvests and farms, estimating size and value of,
230

31
; land ownership and the economic circumstances of farmers (
see
historical development
); production for the market in classical Athens,
249n.67
; soldiers of fortune escaping from farmwork,
182
; the yeoman farmer, definition of,
223

Alcaeus,
97
,
185

86
,
188

Alcibiades,
272n.19

Alcock, Susan,
214

Alexander the Great,
11

Amathus bowl,
182

84

Anderson, J. K.,
142
,
269

Ando, Hiroshe,
79

Andrewes, Anthony,
xiv
,
16
,
18

20
,
138

Angel, John Lawrence,
166

Antimenidas,
185

86

archaeological data: Berbati-Limnes Survey,
209

13
; Boeotia Survey,
198

99
,
202

5
; historical data and,
195
,
217

18
; the hoplite question, contributions to,
xiii
; intensive surveys: method, strengths, and limits of,
196

99
; Keos Survey,
198
,
202

6
; Kythera Survey,
214

15
; Laconia Survey,
212
,
214
,
236
; Methana Survey,
207

10
; Pylos Survey,
214

15
; rural settlement,
215

17
,
235

36
; Southern Argolid Survey,
205

7
; summary of survey projects,
200

201
.
See also
data

Archidamus,
8

Archilochus of Paros,
97
,
179
,
190

91

Aristagoras,
7

Aristophanes,
137

Aristotle: agriculture, importance in Attica of,
172

73n.55
; farmers, limited enthusiasm for,
240
,
242
; the grand hoplite narrative and,
269
; hoplite phalanx, rise of,
241

42
; the “middle” class,
235
; middling farmers and government, relationship of,
33
,
113
,
260
; political and military development, connection of,
xiv
,
1
,
19
,
75

76
,
79

80
,
259

60
; size of cities,
250n.76

armor: of the classical period,
62

63
; Corinthian helmet,
24

25
,
51n.36
,
60

61
,
72n.7
,
99

100
,
117
; corselet,
61

62
; dedications of in sanctuaries,
87

88
; disadvantages of hoplite,
24
; evolution of hoplite,
35

38
,
88
,
99

100
,
168

69
; greaves,
62
; the hoplite shield (
see
hoplite shield
); introduction of hoplite,
14

16
,
62
; lightened form of the hoplite panoply,
62

63
,
88
; physiology of wearers,
165

68
; representations of,
58
,
61

69
; shields (
see
shields
); thigh and arm guards,
62
; weight of,
8
,
51n.36
,
127

28n.28
,
168
,
265

66
(
see also
hoplite shield: weight of
).
see also
equipment

Arrian of Nicomedia,
25
,
159

art.
See
iconography

Asklepiodotos,
26
,
140

Athenaeus,
179

Athenagoras,
272n.19

Athens: egalitarianism and number of yeomen hoplites in fifth-century,
242

43
; hoplites in,
20
,
125

26
; leisure class, size of,
249n.59
; political evolution in,
6
; political stability of, conditions for the poor working masses and,
238

40
;
population in 322 BC,
231
,
247n.40
; production for the market in classical,
249n.67
; Solon’s property classes and the distribution of wealth in,
229

33
(
see also
Solon
)

Babylon, Greek mercenaries employed by rulers of,
185

battle formations: Etruscan adoption of hoplite,
88
; hoplite equipment and close-order,
243

44
; the hoplite shield and,
57

59
,
91

92
,
116

19
,
139

40
,
169
(
see also
hoplite shield
); the phalanx (
see
phalanx, the
); the rugby model,
8
,
128n.41
,
146

battle tactics: the charge,
140

42
; the collision,
17
,
25

26
,
117

18
,
128

29n.41
,
142

43
; flanks, concerns regarding,
9
; flexibility of,
43

44
; in fourth-century battles,
267

69
; geography and,
271n.8
; Grundy’s description of,
7

12
; massed fighting into phalanx fighting, question of how/why this development occurred,
75
,
78
; Near Eastern and Greek, comparison of,
100

101
; pushing/shoving,
26

27
,
59
,
143

48
,
263

64
; revisionist view of,
115
,
263

65
; revolution in, the phalanx as,
12
,
14

16
(
see also
phalanx, hoplite
); Western way of war, uniqueness of,
22

23

Berbati-Limnes Survey,
209

13

Berve, H.
112

Blyth, P. H.
136
,
159

61
,
172n.38

Boardman, John,
136

Boeotian shield,
136

37

Boeotia Survey,
198

99
,
202

5

Bol, Peter,
148

Bomarzo shield,
157

58
,
160

61
,
170n.5
,
170n.12
,
172n.38

Briant, Pierre,
98
,
104n.14

Broodbank, Cyprian,
214

Cahn, David,
161

Cartledge, Paul: defend crops, readiness of wealthy nonaristocrats to,
55n.161
; Homer, interpretation of,
45

46
,
87
; hoplite equipment and close-order battle formations, relationship of,
91
,
138
,
243
; rugby analogy for fighting between phalanges,
143
; sudden-change theory, nuances added to,
xiv
,
38

39

Cawkwell, G. L.,
xv
,
41
,
43

44
,
81

Cherry, J. F.
198

Chigi vase: battle depicted on,
59
,
142
; dating of hoplite tactics using,
xiii
,
12
,
15

16
,
19
,
160n.24
; gradualist interpretation of,
68
; Helbig as first to analyze,
12
; hoplite phalanx, first undeniable depiction of,
67
; piper depicted on,
15
,
138
; questions raised by,
67

68

chronology: approaches to dating emergence of the phalanx,
88

91
; dedications of armor in sanctuaries as evidence regarding,
87

88
; difficulties in dating emergence of the phalanx,
12

13
; disappearance of the hoplite system,
92

93
; early and lengthy evolution of the phalanx, arguments for,
101

3
,
266

67
; emergence of the phalanx, varying positions regarding,
137

38
; gradualism, limited consensus regarding,
91
; Hanson vs. van Wees on,
194

95
; Homer and emergence of the phalanx, issues regarding,
85

87
; the hoplite orthodoxy regarding,
xii

xiv
; hoplites, emergence of,
176
(
see also
soldiers of fortune
); late development of the phalanx, arguments for,
42

43
,
137
,
244
; “mature” phase of heavily armed hoplites, beginning and end of,
88
; representations of hoplites on vases and,
63

70
.
See also
grand hoplite narrative
;
historical development

city-state.
See
polis

civic ideology/mentality, hoplites and,
176

78
,
180

colonization,
28
,
31

32
,
124

Cook, Erwin,
97

Corinthian helmet,
24

25
,
51n.36
,
60

61
,
72n.7
,
99

100
,
117

Croce, Benedetto,
74

Cypselus of Corinth,
16
,
19

20
,
124

25

data: archaeological (
See
archaeological data
); archeological
vs
. historical sources of,
194

95
,
217

18
.
See also
scholarship
;
sources

BOOK: Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
12.01Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
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