James and Dolley Madison (61 page)

36
. William Preston, “Journal,” in E. F. Eliet,
Court Circles of the Republic
(Hartford, CT: Hartford Publishing, 1869), p. 84.

37
. William Parker Cutler,
Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, LL.D.
(Cincinnati, 1888), pp. 142–43.

38
. George Watterston to Dolley Madison, in DMDE; Ethel Arnett,
Mrs. James Madison: The Incomparable Dolley
(Greensboro, NC: Piedmont Press, 1972), pp. 116–17; anonymous authors to Dolley Madison, July 14, 1811, in DMDE.

39
. David Warden to Dolley Madison, July 19, 1811, in DMDE; George Washington Steptoe to Dolley Madison, March 10, 1809, in DMDE.

40
. Lucia Cutts,
Memoirs and Letters of Dolley Madison, Wife of James Madison, President of the United States
(Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971), vol. 2, date unknown.

41
. Arnett,
Mrs. James Madison
, p. 118; Joseph Milligan to Dolley Madison, December 13, 1809, in DMDE.

42
. Benjamin Latrobe to Dolley Madison, April 12, 1809, in DMDE; John Jacob Astor to Dolley Madison, February 20, 1811, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to John Jacob Astor, March 13, 1811, in DMDE; Joel Barlow to Dolley Madison, December 21, 1811, in DMDE; Dolley Beckwith to Dolley Madison, May 4, 1807, in DMDE.

43
. Anthony,
Dolley Madison
, p. 120.

44
. Harriet Martineau,
Retrospect on Western Travel
(1838; repr., New York: Greenwood Press, 1969), 1:193.

45
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, December 22, 1811, in DMDE.

46
. Wharton,
Social Life in the Early Republic
, p. 153.

47
. Goodwin,
Dolley Madison
, p. 142.

48
. Dolley Madison to James Madison, November 1, 1805, and August 28, 1808, in DMDE.

49
. Ibid.; William Thornton to James Madison, March 3, 1817, in
PJM
; Founding Era Collection, University of Virginia.

50
. Dolley Madison to Elizabeth Ellicott, December 1788, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Mary Cutts, March 1833, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, June 18, 1806, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to Anna Thornton, September 1808, in DMDE; Dolley Madison to James Madison, November 12, 1805, in DMDE.

51
. Sally McKean to Dolley Madison, June 7, 1797, and August 3, 1797, in DMDE; Dolley Beckwith to Dolley Madison, May 4, 1807, in DMDE.

52
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 15, 1811, in ibid.

53
. Edward Coles to Dolley Madison, June 10, 1811, in ibid.

54
. Ibid.

55
. Dolley Madison to Ed Coles, June 15, 1811, in ibid.

56
. William Story, ed.,
The Life and Letters of Joseph Story
(Boston: Charles Little and James Brown, 1851), p. 218.

57
. Noel Gerson,
The Velvet Glove: A Life of Dolley Madison
(Nashville: Thomas and Nelson, 1975), pp. 125–26.

58
. Margaret Bayard Smith,
The First Forty Years of Washington Society
, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), p. 26.

59
. William Seale,
The President's House: A History
(Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, White House Historical Association, 1986), 1:129.

60
. Goodwin,
Dolley Madison
, pp. 88–89.

61
. Ibid., p. 140.

62
. Gerson,
Velvet Glove
, pp. 150–51.

63
. Dolley Madison to Anna Cutts, July 5, 1816, in DMDE.

64
. Madison at the Republican Meeting of Cecil County, Maryland, March 5, 1810, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:263.

65
. Baron de Montlezun, “A Frenchman Visits…Orange County,” September 16, 1816, diary entry, in DMDE.

CHAPTER 13. THE NEVER-ENDING DISPUTE WITH GREAT BRITAIN

  
1
. John Quincy Adams,
Lives of Celebrated Statesmen
(New York: W. H. Graham, 1846), p. 38.

  
2
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, November 26, 1809, in
Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826
, ed. James Smith (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), 3:1607–1608.

  
3
. Robert Livingston to James Madison, January 1810, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 2:166–68.

  
4
. James Madison to the secretary of the Republican Meeting of South Carolina, October 17, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:16–17.

  
5
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, May 25, 1810, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:1630–31.

  
6
. James Madison to William Raynolds, October 20, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:23.

  
7
. James Madison to William Pinkney, October 23, 1809, in ibid., pp. 27–28.

  
8
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, November 6, 1809, in ibid., pp. 55–56.

  
9
. William Duane to James Madison, December 1, 1809, in ibid., pp. 97–102.

10
. John Jackson to James Madison, October 12, 1809, in ibid., pp. 13–14.

11
. William Pinkney to James Madison, December 10, 1809, in ibid., pp. 121–24.

12
. James Madison to Congress, November 29, 1809, in ibid., pp. 90–94.

13
.
Aurora
, January 5, 1809.

14
. North Carolina Assembly to James Madison, December 23, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:156.

15
. John Adams letters, in
National Intelligencer
, April 4, 1809, and May 3, 1809.

16
.
National Intelligencer
, April 21, 1810.

17
. James Madison's message to Congress, May 23, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 1:75–100.

18
.
National Intelligencer
, October 16, 1809.

19
.
New York Commercial Advertiser
, July 12, 1809, and July 19, 1809;
National Intelligencer
, September 6, 1809.

20
.
Aurora
, April 14, 1809.

21
. Albert Gallatin to James Madison, September 5, 1810, in
The Writings of Albert Gallatin
, ed. Henry Adams (Philadelphia, PA: J. P. Lippincott, 1879), 1:485–86.

22
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, April 17, 1809, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:1585–86; Albert Gallatin to James Madison, September 17, 1810, in ibid., 1:490–91.

23
.
National Intelligencer
, April 19, 1809.

24
.
National Intelligencer
, April 1809.

25
. Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, April 19, 1808, and April 24, 1809, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
, 3:1582–84, 1584–85.

26
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, August 3, 1809, and Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, September 12, 1809, in Smith,
Republic of Letters
3:1596–97, 1602.

27
. Caesar Rodney to James Madison, October 17, 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:16–17.

CHAPTER 14. THE EVER-CHANGING AMERICA

  
1
.
National Intelligencer
, June 3, 1801.

  
2
. Robert Kapsch,
The Potomac Canal
(Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2007), back cover quote; Robert Payne,
The Canal Builders: The Story of Canal Engineers through the Ages
(New York: MacMillan, 1959), p. 140.

  
3
. Robert McClellan,
The Delaware Canal: A Picture Story
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1967), introduction.

  
4
. George Washington to James Madison, December 3, 1784, in
The Writings of George Washington
, by George Washington, ed. John Fitzpatrick (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1932), 2:165–68; Kapsch,
Potomac Canal
, pp. 50–51.

  
5
. George Washington to Benjamin Harrison, in
The Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, by Thomas Jefferson, ed. Paul Ford (New York: 1892–1899), 10:406;Wayland Dunaway,
History of the James River and Kanawha Co
. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1922), pp. 14–17.

  
6
. Payne,
Canal Builders
, pp. 142–45.

  
7
. Jefferson's annual message to Congress, December 2, 1806, in
Political Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, ed. Merrill Peterson (Charlottesville, VA: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1993), 2:529.

  
8
. Christy Borth,
Mankind on the Move: The Story of Highways
(Washington, DC: Automotive Safety Foundation, 1969), p. 148.

  
9
. Madison speech to Congress, April 1792, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), 7:304;
National Gazette
, March 3, 1792; John Quincy Adams,
The Diary of John Quincy Adams, 1794–1845: American Diplomacy, and Political, Social, and Intellectual Life, from Washington to Polk
, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1928), p. 47.

10
. Joseph Macasek,
Guide to the Morris Canal in Morris County
(Mendham, NJ: Morris County Heritage Commission, 1996), p. 50.

11
. James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, May 15, 1808, in James Madison Papers, Library of Congress.

12
. Noel Gerson,
The Velvet Glove: A Life of Dolley Madison
(Nashville, Thomas and Nelson, 1975), p. 178; Walter Jones to Dolley Madison, sometime in 1811, in Dolley Madison Digital Edition, ed. Holly C. Shulman (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, Online Rotunda Edition, 2010–2013) (hereafter referred to as DMDE).

13
. Dolley Beckwith to Dolley Madison, May 4, 1807, in DMDE.

14
. James Madison to Dolley Madison, December 4, 1826, in ibid.

15
. Borth,
Mankind on the Move
, pp. 120, 122, 126.

16
. George Bernard and others to James Madison, October 1809, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 2:1–2.

17
. Thomas Jefferson to Congress, December 2, 1806, in Peterson,
Political Writings of Thomas Jefferson
, p. 539.

18
.
Washington Federalist
, February 6, 1805.

19
. Philip Jordan,
The National Road
(Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1948), pp. 76–79.

20
. Merrit Ierley,
Traveling the National Road: Across the Centuries on America's First Highway
(Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 1990), pp. 54–56.

21
. J. L. Ringwalt,
Development of Transportation Systems in the United States
(Philadelphia, 1888), p. 31; Jordan,
National Road
, p. 86.

22
. Jeremiah Young,
A Political and Constitutional Study of the Cumberland Road
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1902), p. 106.

23
. Jordan,
National Road
, pp. 106–107.

24
. Ierley,
Traveling the National Road
, pp. 113–14.

25
. Ibid., pp. 73–75.

26
. Ibid., p. 48.

27
.
New York Columbian
, June 19, 1812.

28
. James Madison to Congress, “Special Message to Congress,” December 23, 1811, in
The Writings of James Madison
, by James Madison and Gaillard Hunt (New
York: Russell and Russell, 1968), 8:172–73; Richard Brookhiser,
Gentleman Revolutionary: Gouverneur Morris, the Rake Who Wrote the Constitution
(New York: Free Press, 2003), p. 190.

29
. Payne,
Canal Builders
, p. 146.

30
. Ann Bartholomew, ed.,
The Delaware and Lehigh Canals
(Easton, PA: Center for Canal History, 1989), introduction.

31
. James Madison to Albert Picket, September 1821; David Mattern and Holly Schulman,
The Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison
(Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2003), p. 109.

32
. Ralph Ketcham,
James Madison: A Biography
(New York: Macmillan, 1971), pp. 472–73.

33
. Madison speech at Virginia ratifying convention for the Constitution, June 20, 1788, in
PJM
, p. 163.

34
. Madison's annual message to Congress, December 5, 1810, in
PJM
, presidential ser. 3:52.

35
. James Longacre and James Herring, eds., “Mrs. Madison,” in
National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans
(New York: Herman Bancroft, 1836), 1:21.

CHAPTER 15. WAR LOOMS EVERYWHERE OVER AMERICA

  
1
.
Washington Federalist
, January 9, 1808.

  
2
.
Washington Expositor
, April 16, 1808;
Aurora
, April 23, 1809.

  
3
.
Washington Federalist
, February 20, 1808.

  
4
.
Albany Register
, May 1809, reprinted in
Aurora
, May 23, 1809; William Pinkney to James Madison, December 20, 1809, in
The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series, Presidential Series, Retirement Series, Personal Papers
, ed. Robert Brugger et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1986) (hereafter cited as
PJM
), presidential ser. 2:121–22.